The Complexity of Europe's History

The Complexity of Europe : 

The Complexity of Europe Understanding the Continent’s History

Origin : 

Origin

Origin : 

Greek mythology Origin

Origin : 

Greek mythology Europa -> Phoenician Princess who Zeus abducted after assuming the form of a dazzling white bull Origin

Geographically : 

Geographically

Slide 6: 

“If anybody thinks that kings, nobles, priests are good conservators of the public happiness, send him to Europe” Thomas Jefferson

“I could sooner reconcile all Europe than two women.” : 

“I could sooner reconcile all Europe than two women.” Louis XIV

Roman Empire throughout time27 BC – 1453 AD : 

(509 BC) The Republic (red) (27 BC) The Empire (purple) The Western Empire (blue) (476 AD) The Eastern Empire (yellow) (1453 AD) Roman Empire throughout time27 BC – 1453 AD

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) : 

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) Migrations & Invasions The term “Dark Age” is used as: A characterization highlighting the lack of literary and cultural output from this time

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) : 

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) Migrations & Invasions The term “Dark Age” is used as: A characterization highlighting the lack of literary and cultural output from this time few written records survive and much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Europe.

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) : 

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) Migrations & Invasions The term “Dark Age” is used as: A characterization highlighting the lack of literary and cultural output from this time few written records survive and much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Europe. Numerous invasions and migrations

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) : 

The Dark Ages (Migration Period) Migrations & Invasions The term “Dark Age” is used as: A characterization highlighting the lack of literary and cultural output from this time few written records survive and much literature, philosophy, mathematics, and other thinking from the classical period disappeared from Europe. Numerous invasions and migrations Ostrogoths, Visigoths, Goths, Vandals, Huns, Franks, Angles, Saxons, Slavs, Avars, Bulgars, Vikings and Magyars

The Holy Roman Empire (The First Reich) : 

The Holy Roman Empire (The First Reich) :: Frankish Tribes –> conquered-> most of Western Europe Charlemagne -> Frankish King -> named Emperor -> by Pope 800 AD :: HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE -> 1512-> named: Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation Centre of German Principalities (kingdoms) of Central Europe

Peace of Westphalia (end of the thirty years war) : 

The Holly Roman Empire of the German Nation -> formed by -> the 350 German principalities within the Empire-> became states under The German Confederation (led by Prussia)-> made alliances with other independent states Peace of Westphalia (end of the thirty years war)

What was Prussia? : 

Most important Kingdom Within Holly Roman Empire of the German Nation Last Capital of Prussia -> Berlin What was Prussia?

"Lesser German Solution” (Kleindeutsche Lösung) : 

19th century political idea -> of a Unified Germany Consisting: German Confederation Members It excluded-> The Austrian Empire It was united with Hungary (Dual Monarchy) The inclusion of Hungary-> contradicted the idea-> nation state They were Catholics (the others were Protestants) "Lesser German Solution” (Kleindeutsche Lösung)

Germany & Austria-Hungary Alliance : 

Germany & Austria-Hungary Alliance The Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary pledged to aid one another in case of an attack by Russia.

After WWI : 

After WWI Prussia -> lost all its conquered territories and became The Weimar Republic Austria Hungary -> was forced to give up its conquered territories

Weimar Republic : 

Name -> never used officially Still: Deutsches Reich Weimar Republic

"Greater Germany” (Großdeutschland) : 

Austria and German National Assemblies Supported -> the unification of: Germany & Austria The Allies prohibited it 1933 -> Hitler rises to power The End -> Weimar Republic The Beginning-> Third Reich In 1938, Nazi-Germany annexed Austria (formally in 1943) -> Greater German Reich "Greater Germany” (Großdeutschland)

The Ottoman Empire : 

The Ottoman Empire :: Also known as the Turkish Empire or Turkey :: Lasted: 1299-1923 :: Capital city: Constantinople (Istanbul: 3rd largest city in the world) :: Islamic successor in many aspects to: Eastern Roman Empire