CRL Feb19 2004

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IPv6 Technology ー Basic & Development Snapshot －: 

IPv6 Technology ー Basic & Development Snapshot － Hiroshi ESAKI, Ph.D <hiroshi@wide.ad.jp> - Board member, WIDE Project - Executive director, IPv6 Promotion Council - IPv6 project leader, TAO JGN

Where the Internet goes ?: 

Where the Internet goes ?

Internet Today: 

Internet Today パソコン サーバ 携帯 電話 IPv4 無線 電話線 その他 の線

further “huge number”and “various” nodes are hooked to: 

further “huge number”and “various” nodes are hooked to IPv6 PC サーバ 携帯 車 TV センサ 家電 映像

Everything with Internet: 

Everything with Internet IPv6

Slide6: 

Where the Internet Goes ? Quantitative Scalability until Massive Scalability Qualitative Scalability Heterogeneity (e.g., Bandwidth, QoS/CoS, Media, etc.,) ・ Internet for Everything → Everything over IP ・ Internet for Everyone → Everyone with IP ・ Internet Everywhere/Anytime/Anyhow → Everywhere and Anyhow to IP “ IP is for Everyone “

Issues for the Internet: 

Issues for the Internet More then exponential growth of the Internet Running out of IP address，explosion of routing table entries New area, new requirement Urgent and short term solution for address and routing table entry CIDR Long term solution Next generation Internet protocol － IPv6

Slide8: 

Explosion of the Internet

Geographical deployment （Jan. 93）: 

Geographical deployment （Jan. 93）

Slide10: 

Geographical deployment （Feb. 94）

Slide11: 

Geographical deployment （Jun. 96）

Slide12: 

Geographical deployment （Jun. 97）

Slide13: 

Projected routing table growth without CIDR/NAT Deployment Period of CIDR Moore’s Law and NATs make routing work today Source: http//www.telstra.net/ ops/bgptable.html But they cannot be relied on forever Explosion of routing table

New World for the Internet: 

New World for the Internet New Object Hooked to the Internet Mobile PDA Home appliances Facility Automation Sensor Networking, RF-ID New Topological Regions Hooked to the Internet Asia Africa South America

Internet refrigerator: 

Internet refrigerator How many TV sets? How many Fridges? How many CD players? How many people? IP connected Control BOX? Experimental project of Okayama Information Highway

Building Automation: 

Huge operational cost Large portion by energy Proprietary technology Toward the open standard More than 200K nodes in a single BA system Vertical system and business structure Need the horizontal integration COP3 proposed by United Nation Cut the energy comsumption ; 10% - 30% Building Automation

Slide18: 

Internet into the 4th Wave 1st Wave ： Closed Open Network  Global Open Network  not only for closed system - TCP/IP as a common language 2nd Wave ： IP for Everyone/Billions  not only for researchers - Scalability, Reliability & Robustness 3rd Wave ： IP for E-Business  not only for hobby/research 4th Wave：Broadband/Ubiquitous/Mobile (always connected)  not only for computers - Small Nodes - Heterogeneous (Quality and Quantity)

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

Toward “the Native Internet” from Internet over Telephone Infrastructure: 

Toward “the Native Internet” from Internet over Telephone Infrastructure

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

Internet Access Requirements Forecast: 

Source: Banc of America Securities LLC, Industry sources, 1998 Business Internet Access Users (Millions) Internet Access Requirements Forecast

Internet vs PSTN : 

Internet vs PSTN IP (Internet Protocol) Address IPｖ４ : 32 bits ≒ 4x109 (4 billion) (World’s Population ≒ 6 billion) Telephone number International ： 13 Digits ≒ 1000 billion Domestic ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion wired : 9 Digits ＝ 100 million cellular: 2x8 Digits ＝ 20 million …already renumbered… North America ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion ….already running out… We Need Further Addresses Pupulatoin x N (N=?) PSTN ≒ population Internet >> population

Internet vs PSTN : 

Internet vs PSTN IP (Internet Protocol) Address IPｖ４ : 32 bits ≒ 4x109 (4 billion) (World’s Population ≒ 6 billion) Telephone number International ： 13 Digits ≒ 1000 billion Domestic ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion wired : 9 Digits ＝ 100 million cellular: 2x8 Digits ＝ 20 million …already renumbered… North America ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion ….already running out… We Need Further Addresses Pupulatoin x N (N=?) PSTN ≒ population Internet >> population What’s happen, when you design the always connected network….

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

Optical Networking at Double Moore’s Law: 

Optical Networking at Double Moore’s Law Moore’s Law says that computer speed=2x every 18 months, and the cost = 50% John Roth, president and chief executive officer, says that Nortel Networks is moving at twice the speed of Moore's Law, doubling the capacity of its fiber-optic systems and halving the cost every nine months. Networks: 3 years=16x capacity, 6% cost Computers: 3 years=4x speed, 25% cost Networks: 6 years=256x capacity, >1/2% cost Computers: 6 years=16x speed, 6% cost Source: HPCwire hpcwire@tgc.com>

Slide27: 

FTTH cost down 0 1 5 10 1995 1999～2000 1997 FTTH FTTH FTTH Cost per subscriber line Metal cost

Broadband * Always-on: 

Broadband * Always-on B-to-B 型 by Peer-to-Peer model B-to-C 型 by Client-Server model C-to-C 型 by Peer-to-Peer model

Wrong or Changing Assumption of System: 

Wrong or Changing Assumption of System Terminal has poor computation resource Look at Game-Gear and Cellular-Gear Server is expensive and powerful than client is. Client has the same power as Serve has Server uses the same hardware process as client use Expensive HDD at server and cheap HDD at client We could realize that a new business model will come out with IPv6; every node can be a server node

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

Slide32: 

Smaller and Powerful Computer Mobility ＝MIPS　ｘ　GB　÷　eright　（decrease １０**3 / decade）

Nomadic IPv6 Environment: 

Town（HotSpot, Station, GasStation） Commuting Travel Sales info. Guide Congestion info. Driving (ITS) PDA Cellure Gear ＨＭＤ Nomadic IPv6 Environment Digital TV

Slide35: 

Head-mount Display for a Single Eye Single-hand Keyboard Wearable Computer By courtesy of Nikkei BP Inc. Wearable Computing Portions where a wearable computer can be attached

2000s’ Internet Mutation: 

2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet Always connected Broadband Full Digital Media Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition; End-to-end architecture model  Simple and transparent network cleaver enough end-host

Internet - What we have to preserve -: 

Internet - What we have to preserve - Preserve the end-to-end architecture End-to-end security Bi-directional(Peer2Peer)

Internet “end-to-end model”: 

End system End system Internet “end-to-end model” Internet Routers in the middle

Slide39: 

What happen if .. End system End system? Intermediate nodes Proxy server Firewall Protocol translator Dial-up Internet Internet ?

Slide40: 

End system End system Internet Private Closed Network Enclosure by the intermediate nodes

Client/Server Architecture is breaking down: 

Client/Server Architecture is breaking down Global Addressing Realm Private Address Realm Private Address Realm For web: Sufficient to have clients in private address spaces access servers in global address space Telephones need an address when you call them, and are therefore servers in private realm

Need an end to end naming and addressing architecture: 

Need an end to end naming and addressing architecture Global Addressing Realm Implication: IP Version 6 deployment required for continued development of Internet in Mobile Networks, Developing Countries

What we preserve: 

What we preserve NAT, Proxy is just an Ad Hoc solution Global Address → IP Version 6 (128 bits address space) Intermediate Proxy avoid the launch of new businesses Transparent firewall and end-host security → Security is the end-to-end anyway !

Slide44: 

Principle of the Internet (1) “End-to-end principle” (2) “IP over everything” (3) “Connectivity is own reward” (4) “We believe in running code” INET92@Kobe by Dr.David D. Clark “We reject kings, presidents, and voting; we believe in rough consensus and running code”

Slide45: 

Principle of the Internet  What is these means from security (1) “End-to-end principle”  do it yourself ! (2) “IP over everything”  …..connected…. (3) “Connectivity is a Disaster with Security” (4) “We believe in running code” [Especially for residence and individuals] 1. Multi-Link connectivity 2. Stand-alone Portable Gear  Firewall Model in enterprise network does not work !!!!!

Issues of the Internet(3) : 

Content-oriented architecture Global directory service, far general than domain name DRM; Copy Right management and accounting Issues of the Internet(3)

IPv6 enable; : 

IPv6 enable; Enlarge address space Non-computer appliances are welcome to connect New requirements Auto-configuration (Plug & Play) Mobility Ubiquitous End-to-End Communications Security Privacy

Summary : 

Summary Role of IPv6 Preserve “End-to-End” architecture Platform for “always connected” environment We can not stop the deployment of IPv6 Come up with address resource running out Flexible and relaxed address allocation Security, Privacy, Mobile, Ubiquitous New business model Operational experience and the ready-ness of each equipment with IPv6 are very important

Overview of IPv6: 

Overview of IPv6

IPv6; go back to Internet’s original architecture : 

IPv6; go back to Internet’s original architecture Enlargement of IP address space Return to the End-to-End model ;-) Aggregatable address structure New requirements Multicast MobileIP IPsec Plug & Play Standard address auto-configuration Router and host renumbering

IPv6 vs. IPv4: 

IPv6 vs. IPv4 Enlargement of IP address space 32 bits  128 bits 32bit 4,294,967,296 (4 Billion) 128bit 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 Address architecture Hierarchical Scope of address Flexible address type definition Multicast function is built-in Broadcast is a part of multicast

IPv6 vs. IPv4 (cont.): 

IPv6 vs. IPv4 (cont.) Address binding/resolution between link layer and network (IP) layer ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)  NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol) Detection of un-reachability Security is inherit IPsec is mandatory option Flexible IP extension function/header MobileIPv6 IPsec Explicit Multicast

IPv6 Address Representation: 

IPv6 Address Representation Represents 128bit address with hex (“0”-”f”) Each block of 4 hex is divided by “:” Ex., 3ffe:501:100c:e320:2e0:18ff:fe98:936d Contiguous “0” can be omitted 3ffe:0501:100c:e320:0000:0000:0000:0001 → 3ffe:501:100c:e320::0001

IPv6 Address Structure: 

IPv6 Address Structure Divided into “network-prefix” and “interface-id”. Network prefix (upper 64bit) It is allocated based on the aggregatable address structure Host ID (lower 64bit) EUI-64 For Ethernet，it can be generated from MAC address

IPv6 Addres Structure (cont.): 

IPv6 Addres Structure (cont.) Interface ID 64bit 64bit Network Prefix

Address Types: 

Address Types Unicast Address Allocated to a single interface in the Internet Anycast Address Allocated to multiple interfaces, but delivered to only one interface among those interfaces Multicast Address Allocated to multiple interfaces, and delivered to all of these interfaces

Address Type (cont.): 

Address Type (cont.) Loopback Address Representing it’s interface ::1 IPv4 compatible ::IPv4 address ::203.178.142.1 Used for automatic tunneling IPv4 mapped address ::ffff:IPv4 address ::ffff:203.178.142.1 Representing a node, which have only IPv4 protocol stack

IPv6 addresses each node has: 

IPv6 addresses each node has Link local IPv6 address for each interface Global Unicast address(es) Loop back address All node multicast address Solicited node multicast address Multicast address, that node belongs to

Aggregatable Address Structure: 

Aggregatable Address Structure Defined by RFC2374 Address allocation along with the network topology FP Format Prefix RE Reserved TLA ID Top-Level Aggregation Identifier NLA ID Next-Level Aggregation Identifier SLA ID Site-Level Aggregation Identifier

TLA (Top Level Aggregator): 

TLA (Top Level Aggregator) TLA ID RE 3 13 8 24 NLA ID FP TLA ID 3 13 13 19 NLA ID FP SubTLA ID Defined by RFC Practical allocation RIRs (ARIN, RIPE, APNIC) allocates have /29 address space Exchange default-free routing information

NLA (Next Level Aggregator): 

NLA (Next Level Aggregator) ISP or site allocated by TLA Can define any size of subnet Can define /30～/48 address space TLA ID RE 3 13 8 24 NLA ID FP TLA ID NLA ID FP SubTLA ID Defined by RFC Practical allocation 3 13 13 19

SLA (Site Level Aggregator): 

SLA (Site Level Aggregator) Organization allocated from NLA Have /49～/64 address space TLA ID NLA ID FP SubTLA ID 3 13 13 19　　　　　16 SLA ID

Address Allocation Rule: 

Address Allocation Rule ISP A ISP B Site A Site B 3ffe:500::/24 3ffe:501::/32 3ffe:501:1000:/48 3ffe:501:2000:/48 TLA　ID NLA　ID SLA　ID

Route information aggregation: 

Route information aggregation ISP A ISP B C ISP D ISP E 3ffe:500::/24 3ffe:501::/32 3ffe:501:1000::/48 3ffe:501:2000::/48 3ffe:501:3000::/48

Multi-Homing: 

Multi-Homing ISP1 ISP2 Multi-Home Network 3ffe:501:1000::/48 2001:218:1800::/48 3ffe:501:1000:1000::/64 2001:218:1800:1000::/64

Packet Format : 

Packet Format

IPv4 header: 

IPv4 header Ver HL TOS Total Length Identification Flag Fragment Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options Padding IPv4

IPv6 header: 

IPv6 header Ver Traffic Class Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address IPv6 Red colored fields experiences name change from IPv4 to IPv6 Fixed length header length

IPv6 header field: 

IPv6 header field Version version = 6 Traffic Class for diff-serv code Flow Label Flow label (real-time) Payload Length payload length （Bytes） Next Header inform the next herder (RFC1700) Hop Limit decremented at each router Source Address Destination Address

Extension header: 

Extension header Next Header = TCP Next Header = TCP IPv6 Header TCP Header IPv6 Header Next Header = EXT EXT Header TCP Header Hop-by-Hop Option detail should be defined End host option Option ID is on the table Routing header Fragment header Authentication header ESP header encripted Next Header = EXT IPv6 Header Next Header = EXT EXT Header TCP Header EXT Header Next Header = TCP

Extension (cont.): 

Extension (cont.) Order is recommended Efficient processing Has to be processed, even with different order Thru-option and Hop-by-hop option End-host option Erroneous header  ICMP packet transmission or silent discard Length of extension header has 8bits alignment

TLV format for extension field: 

TLV format for extension field Option Type Option Len Option Data 00 do not discard the packet 01 discard the packet 10 discard the packet to send ICMP error packet discard the packet to send ICMP error packet,if it is not multicast packet 0 do not rewrite along the path 1 Can be rewritten along the path Option type Option Length in octed

ICMPv6: 

ICMPv6

ICMPv6: 

ICMPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 Control and management for IP Error indication Indication of communication status Applications using the ICMP ping, traceroute

ICMPv6 packet format: 

ICMPv6 packet format ０ １ ２ ３ ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １ Type Code checksum Message Body Type Value Type Semantics 1 Destination unreachable 2 Packet is too big 3 Time exceeded 4 Parameter problem 128 Echo request 129 Echo reply

Path MTU discovery protocol: 

Path MTU discovery protocol Discover the Path MTU, dynamically MTU of the first link is the initial MTU size When the source node receives “Too Big Message” of ICMP error message, decrease the MTU size Investigate with given interval (e.g., 10 min.) src dst router router router Path MTU Discovery

NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol): 

NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol)

NDP Functions: 

NDP Functions ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)  NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol) Implement as ICMP Mapping and binding between IP and link Discover the neighbor node Detect un-reachability of neighbor node DAD (Duplicated Address Detection) Use the multicast service

NDP Functions (cont.): 

NDP Functions (cont.) Auto-configuration (Plug & Play) Router discovery Detect router type Automatic address generation Reachability Detection of reachability Detection of un-reachability Redirection

NDP Message Types: 

NDP Message Types Router Solicitation Query to router by node Query to the Solicited Address (multicast address) Router Advertisement Network prefix, address configuration information, hop-limit Neighbor Solicitation Query of link layer address (with link local address) Neighbor Advertisement Reply to the neighbor solicitation Redirect Indicate better intermediate node

Solicited Address: 

Solicited Address IP address to resolve the link layer address 2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678 Query to “ff02::1:ff34:5678” regarding the link layer address Node with “2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678” replies to “ff02::1:ff34:5678” query HOST HOST 2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678 Who has ff02::1:ff34:5678 ? I have it !!!

Auto-configuration i.e., plug & play: 

Auto-configuration i.e., plug & play

Host auto-configuration: 

Host auto-configuration Stateless Address Auto Configuration Auto-configure; IP address and route(s) Implement as an NDP EUI-64 for host-id Router Host Host RA Plug&Play

DHCP : 

DHCP DHCP； Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol It is said that we do not need DHCP for IPv6. But, we need DHCP, anyway…… Address prefix allocation Indication of DNS server’s IP address

Security : 

Security

What IPsec provides : 

What IPsec provides Framework is independent from individual algorithm, and the algorithm should be portable IPv6 specifies default algorithms keyed MD5，DES CBC，… Three functions Authentication Integrity Encryption

Tow security mechanisms: 

Tow security mechanisms AH － Authentication Header Authentication and integrity check ESP － Encapsulating Security Payload Encrypting the data

Mobility : 

Mobility

Slide90: 

Mobile IP operational example

Deployment of IPv6 to IPv4: 

Deployment of IPv6 to IPv4

IPv6 transition : 

IPv6 transition IPv6 introduction

Tools and technology for IPv6 deployment : 

Tools and technology for IPv6 deployment Dual stack Implement both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stack IPv6 in IPv4 tunneling Overlay the IPv6 network over legacy IPv4 network, i.e., 6-Bone. Encapsulated networking Translator Internetworking between IPv4 host and IPv6 host Perform packet format translation

Dual Stack : 

Dual Stack Install both IPv6 and IPv4 stacks in a single node According to the destination node’s IP version, select the protocol version (IPv4 or IPv6) If it is IPv4, → Use IPv4 If it is IPv6 or IPv6/IPv4(dual stack), → Use IPv6

IPv4 / IPv6 translation: 

IPv4 / IPv6 translation BIS (Bump-in-the-Stack) BIA (Bump-in-the-Application) 6-to-4 SIIT NAT-PT/NAPT-PT SOCKS Tunnel broker ISATAP DSTM (Dual Stack Transition Mechanism)

IPv6 routing protocols: 

IPv6 routing protocols RIP  RIPng BGP4  BGP4+ OSPFv2  OSPFv3 IS-IS  IS-IS for IPv6

DNS for IPv6: 

DNS for IPv6 RFC1886, RFC2874 Introduce new RR (Resource Recode) for IPv6 AAAA A6 (experimental) DNAME Inverse zone Ip6.int. (nibble boundary)  does not use…due to use of “.int” as gTLD Ip6.arpa. (bitlabel boundary)

API Application Interface: 

API Application Interface Basic socket API(RFC2553) Advanced socketAPI(RFC2292)

Socket interface for IPv6 : 

Socket interface for IPv6 Socket Interface De Facto interface for data communication using TCP/IP Developed for UNIX system in beginning of 1980’s. Socket is used not only by UNIX, but also by other operating system Applications using the socket interface has high portability among different platform We need the same application portability for IPv6 system. RFC2553 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6) RFC2292 (Advanced Socket API for IPv6)

IPv6 Basic Socket API: 

IPv6 Basic Socket API RFC2553: Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 Application using the legacy API should work on IPv6 platform Support of Raw socket and advanced control especially for IPv6 is provided by Advanced socket API Legacy application should work on IPv6 with minimum software modification Should be available for both IPv6 and IPv4 environments 64 bits alignment Multi-Thread

Basic API compoments: 

Basic API compoments Core socket routines Address data struct Name – Address translation routines Address translation routines

Core Socket Routines: 

Core Socket Routines socket(), bind(), connect(), accept(), listen() Protocol family ; PF_INET6 Address family ; AF_INET6 Address struct struct in6_addr { union { uint8_t __S6_u8[16]; uint16_t __S6_u16[8]; uint32_t __S6_u32[4]; } __S6_un; #define s6_addr __S6_un.__S6_u8

Slide103: 

IPv6 Socket address struct sockaddr_in6 { sa_family_t sin6_family; /* AF_INET6 */ in_port_t sin6_port; /* port number */ uint32_t sin6_flowinfo; /* flow label */ struct in6_addr sin6_addr; /* IPv6 address */ uint32_t sin6_scope_id; /* scope id */ };

Slide104: 

IPv4: int s; struct sin_addr sn; s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); /* set sn */ connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)sn, sizeof(sn)); /* ... */ IPv6: int s; struct sin6_addr sn; s = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0); /* set sn */ connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)sn, sizeof(sn)); /* ... */

Name  IP address -- protocol independent--: 

Name  IP address -- protocol independent-- Name → Address int getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char　*servname, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res); Address → Name int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags);

getaddrinfo(): 

getaddrinfo() int getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char　*servname, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res); struct addrinfo { int ai_flags; /* flag */ int ai_family; /* protocol family PF_xx */ int ai_socktype; /* socket type SOCK_xx */ int ai_protocol; /* protocol, for IP IPPROTO_xxx */ size_t ai_addrlen; /* address length */ char *ai_canonname; /* cannonical name */ struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* socket address */ struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* next link */ }; Replace of “get{host,ipnode}byname()” Protocol independent function

getnameinfo(): 

getnameinfo() int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host, size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags); #define NI_MAXHOST 1025 #define NI_MAXSERV 32 Replace “get{host,ipnode}byaddr()”

Summary of Basic Socket API: 

Summary of Basic Socket API RFC2553: Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6 PF_INET/AF_INET → PF_INET6/AF_INET6 in_addr{} → in6_addr{} sockaddr_in{} → sockaddr_in6{} Programming, that is protocol independent getaddrinfo() getnameinfo()

Current Status of IPv6 Deployment: 

Current Status of IPv6 Deployment

Recent Big News around IPv6: 

Recent Big News around IPv6 USA DoD will be IPv6-able until 2008 DoC will transit to IPv6 USA gets larger number of IPv6 address prefixes EU Defense Departments of NATO countries will be IPv6-able United Kingdom Germany France UK, France started study of IPv6 adoption in e-Gov.

Recent Big News around IPv6 (cont’): 

Recent Big News around IPv6 (cont’) China Kicked off the CNGI (China Next Generation Internet) by Chinese government ; two year program All six major carriers are building IPv6 infrastructures Major manufactures in China have already worked on IPv6. VoIP over wireless with IPv6 is their serious consideration Korea Government announces they aim the 50-100 times larger bandwidth network/infrastructure using IPv6 Samsung is quiet serious on IPv6 NCA and TTA is serious on IPv6 Taiwan IPv6 Task Force has been established. 6-year “e-Taiwan” national project (-2008) is in progress

Slide113: 

Contacts: Hiroshi Esaki <hiroshi@wide.ad.jp> Jim Bound <jim.bound@hp.com> Latif Ladid, <latif.ladid@village.uunet.lu> IPv6 Ready Logo Program run by IPv6 Forum <http://www.ipv6ready.org> September 1, 2003 1. Test Specification Released 2. Practical logo program starts

Who is the show stopper ? : 

Who is the show stopper ? Current Status of IPv6 Technology

All components seems be ready: 

All components seems be ready Governments Support IPv6 Major ISPs have started services Even start-ups and rural small ISPs Backbone and IX providers have started Major router venders are “v6-ready” Major terminal venders started trials Home appliances, sensors, Web-cameras, etc. Other service area started trials Internet Car/Train, Medical, On-line Games, etc

Who evaluate the technology ?: 

Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher Vendor Operator Corporate executives Customer/Consumer

Who evaluate the technology ?: 

Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher Vendor Operator Corporate executives Customer/Consumer  always THE “decision maker”  slave of “money, i.e., profit”  hate “outage”  fun for “implementation”  seeking “cutting-edge”

Who evaluate the technology ?: 

 always THE “decision maker”  slave of “money, i.e., profit”  hate “outage”  fun for “implementation”  seeking “cutting-edge” Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher Vendor Operator Corporate executives Customer/Consumer  always THE “decision maker”  slave of “money, i.e., profit”  hate “outage”  fun for “implementation”  seeking “cutting-edge”  Let’s persuade above three players !!

Development of Components (1): 

Development of Components (1) ・ Operating System (1) Microsoft Windows - Windows XP and 2000 (and CE) - 6to4(public), TEREDO(private), ISATAP(Intranet) - Developer tools ; winsock, visual studio, etc (2) Apple MAC OS X2 (3) UNIX with KAME Stack Free-BSD, BSDI, NetBSD, OpenBSD (4) SUN Solaris 8 and 9 (5) LINUX powered by USAGI (6) TRON by Access (7) other embeded OS (e.g., VxWorks, Elmic)

Applications for MS Windows: 

Applications for MS Windows Mailer X SSH / Telnet FTP Web UNIX API Library Packet Capture DNS IPv4/IPv6 Translator IRC Streaming Tunnel Broker Editor

Slide121: 

Router Cisco Juniper Hitachi NEC Fujitsu Extreme Foundry NOKIA etc,  Backbone router  Edge router Access node (e.g.,aggregator)  SOHO router (available) Firewall router - check point - NOKIA - NetScreen - Internet Security Systems Development of Components (2)

IPv6 routers: 

IPv6 routers GeoStream GSR IX5020 GR2000

Slide123: 

European Countries ・Applications；Wireless / Cell-Phone ・FRAMEWORK5(EU Project) (*) 1999－2003 - 6NET, EURO6IX, GEANT - 6INIT  6WINIT ・3G would be a initiator ?

European academic deployment: 

European academic deployment National (NREN) initiatives e.g. UNINETT, RENATER, DFN, UKERNA Generally deployment and trial focused European Commission funded projects IST 5th Framework 6INIT, 6WINIT, 6NET, Euro6IX, 6LINK, … Mixture of research and deployment GÉANT pan-European deployment GEANT spans 25+ National Research Networks Programme includes introduction of IPv6 into production service in GÉANT lifetime (by 2004)

European Commission and IPv6: 

European Commission and IPv6 IST programme funding 5th Framework just ending At least 15 IPv6-related projects EC funding approaching €100M First project 6INIT (Jan 2000- Apr 2001) Largest projects 6NET and Euro6IX 6th Framework about to start Cluster for IPv6 projects http://www.ist-ipv6.org/ Led by 6LINK project: http://www.6link.org/

EU IPv6 Task Force: 

EU IPv6 Task Force Goal to draw up recommendations To industry, to EC, to governments Recommendations to EU Heads of State Heard at meeting in March 2002 Adopt IPv6 and broadband service deployment Deployment must be market-led See http://www.ipv6-taskforce.org/ Recommendations need to be followed up New IPv6 TF Steering Group Promote and monitor adoption via national TF’s

6NET and Euro6IX: 

6NET and Euro6IX EC IST programme, 5th Framework Both projects funded to € 8-10M by EC Both projects have a 3-year duration Run from Jan 1st 2002 to Dec 31st 2004 6NET majors on academic networks High capacity native network spans 11 NRENs Euro6IX focuses on (commercial) telcos Deploying and linking IPv6 exchange points, investigating new (telco) business models

Slide128: 

To North America To Japan To Korea 2 Platforms boosting IPv6 launch in Europe Note: The contracts for both Euro6IX and 6NET are expected to be signed by the end of 2001

Slide129: 

North America ・Vendors Cisco, Juniper, Extream…etc Miscrosoft ・Providers Think Global ! ・Applications Killer Applications are emerging ・R&E Network (e.g., Abeline) ・Procurement by DoD

Slide130: 

Status of Asia

Korea: 

Korea

Korea movement: 

Korea movement Following to Japan, Korea Government set an IT strategy for the next generation of network deployment, especially with IPv6 Government declaration in 2001 made a change of mood for deployment of IPv6 in Korea Korea likes to lead the IPv6 technology in the world Started KRv6 Project http://www.krv6.net/

Korea situation: 

Korea situation Government allocates the budget 83.9 billion KRW (about 67 million Euro) on “Internet technology” for 2003-05 Including IPv6-based Large scale testbed (6NGIX), VoIP, Multicast, Wireless Mobile Internet and Standardization activity for IETF Contribution Active in R&D side Seeking “Killer” application on IPv6 internet Many trials have started Samsung, LG developed IPv6 Home appliances and Home mobile network

Korea IPv6 Promoters: 

Korea IPv6 Promoters ETRI (Electronics and Technology Research Institute of Korea) Acquisition and deployment of Tele-com device technologies Secretariat of IPv6 Forum Korea Hosting Global IPv6 Summit in Korea (http://www.ipv6.or.kr/) Had a general cooperation agreement with IPv6 PC JP NCA (National Computer Agency) Setting Deployment policy and seeking application for Computers and Communication arena Chair of Application WG of IPv6 Forum Korea Planning Korea IPv6 Showroom collaboration with IPv6 PC JP (under discussion)

Korea IPv6 Trials: 

Korea IPv6 Trials IPv6 Application Development IPv6 Multicast Conferencing (ETRI,2002) IPv6 Video Streaming (ETRI,2002) VoIPv6 (NCA, 2002) IPv6 Networking Service Public IPv6 Wireless LAN Service (ETRI, Hanaro, 2002) IPv6 Home Networking Protocol (ETRI, 2002) IPv6 Showroom in Korea (just opened) Operated by NCA MoU between Japan for cooperation KOREAv6 project Global IPv6 Trail Service for real deployment in Korea

China: 

China

IPv4 address allocation in China: 

IPv4 address allocation in China source from APNIC and CNNIC 2003.1

Telephone user trends in China: 

Telephone user trends in China

Japan: 

Japan

Slide140: 

IPv6 Referenced Implementation

Slide141: 

IPv6 Referenced Implementation KAME IPv6 for *BSD* (since 1998) - http://www.kame.net USAGI IPv6 for LINUX (since 2000) - http://www.linux-ipv6.org TAHI IPv6 Test & Evaluation (since 1998) - http://www.tahi.org - Collaborate with IPv6-PC Certification WG DNS and BIND (since 2001) - Collaborate with USC-ISI, ISC Nautilus for Mobile Reality (since 2003) - http://www.nautilus6.org/

Testbed Operation for Interoperability Development: 

Testbed Operation for Interoperability Development JGN IPv6 Networld+Interop Tokyo IPv6 Promotion Council Testbeds

Slide143: 

JGN (Japan Gigabit Network) IPv6 Service Since October 2001 JGN IPv6 NOC ; 26 sites - Otemachi(Tokyo), Dojima(Osaka), Research Center (Tohoku-U, Makuhari, U-Tokyo, Kochi), Giga-Lab (Tsukubam Keihan-na, Okayamam Kokura), Tohoku-U, U-Tokyo, Keio-U, Nagoya-U, Toyama, Ishikawa/JAIST, NAIST, Softpia, Kyoto-U, Osaka-U, KUSA、Hiroshima-U, Hiroshima-CU, Kyushu-U, Saga-U, Okinawa Interoperability, conformance and performance Evaluation Lab. ; 3 sites 　　Otemachi, Okayama, Makuhari　 IPv6 Routers (multi-vendor); Cisco, Juniper, Hitachi, Fujitsu, NEC Okayama Lab. for conformance, interop., and performance

Routers on the JGNv6: 

Routers on the JGNv6

Routers/Switches at Okayama: 

Routers/Switches at Okayama

Networld+Interop Tokyo IPv6 at Shownet : 

Networld+Interop Tokyo IPv6 at Shownet Since 1997

Slide147: 

IPv4/IPv6 Network Configuration 2002 with full dual stack operation

Slide148: 

IPv6 Promotion Council Test-bed - working with commercial players - Carriers/ISP : NTT groups, Yusen, IP_Revolution, Tokyo Metallic, JCN, Biglobe, Nifty, etc., Operating System : Microsoft, BSD, Mac, Sun, Linux, and etc. Data Center : NTT Communications, and others DRM : KeelNetworks CDN : Accelier VoIP : SoftFront Wireless : NOKIA, SHARP, NTT-DoCoMo, J-Phone Cable Modem : Panasonic, Hitachi and etc., Sensor node : Yokogawa Satellite : JCSAT/NTTSC Game gear : SONY(Play Station 2) Security (IPSec/IKE/PKI/IDS/DDoS) : INTEC and others

Slide149: 

Conventional ISP networks NTT－C　IPv6 backbone ＣＡＴＶ wireless Digital broadcast Legacy ISPs Peer-to-Peer Applications Remote access MIPv6 NEMO Home router High Speed routing Network monitoring IDS, DDoS IP-Tel Digital Broadcast Wireless ＬＡＮ ＡＳＤＬ Optical 　 Streams Authentication PKI, Security Tokyo iDC Bi-directional video chat Peering with commercial ISPes IPv6 net. IPv6 tesbed CDN, Contents Delivery Network Network management IPv6 help desk

Toward the Next Stage with IPv6 : 

Toward the Next Stage with IPv6

Integration with the “Real-Space” Activity - examples - : 

Integration with the “Real-Space” Activity - examples - Private Contents Personal & Corporate Contents Public Safety Service e.g., police (USA, Japan), fire fighter, ambulance Public Service e.g., Transporting system {Building/Home/Factory} Automation Healthcare Service SCM with RF-ID

SONY Broadband Solutions 　　Video chat system using PS2: 

SONY Broadband Solutions 　　Video chat system using PS2

Ubo Project 　　Peer-to-Peer video chat system: 

Ubo Project 　　Peer-to-Peer video chat system Via IPv6 net.

Slide158: 

Mobile IPv6 over wireless internet platform  Real IP oriented “Wireless” network TrainCar Resident (Mobile IPv6 RT) Shopping Mall, Station, Airport Wireless LAN AP (Mobile IPv6 RT) IEEE 802.11b (Mobile IPv6 RT) IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11b FA ; Factory Automation BA ; Building Automation HA ; Home Automation

Geographical Location Info.: 

Geographical Location Info. Home Servers Visualize Real Time Visualization Registration Area Servers Nagoya City Metropolitan Tokyo

Probe Information System (Traffic): 

Probe Information System (Traffic)

Probe Information System (Rain condition): 

Probe Information System (Rain condition)

Summary - toward “Reality of IPv6” - : 

Summary - toward “Reality of IPv6” - Let Platform Ready Experimental Development & Standardization, e.g., KAME/USAGI/Nautilus Interoperability (TAHI) & Testbed Operation (WIDE) Professional Interoperability IPv6 Forum “IPv6 Ready Logo Program” Testbed Operation for Interoperability and Applications Global R&D Network Asian R&D Network Domestic Nation-wide R&D Network Commercial Operation Let Application Ready Toward the Real-Space Internet

Conclusion : 

Conclusion Who is the show stopper for IPv6 ? Current Status of IPv6 Toward the Real-Space Internet