IPv6 Technology ー Basic & Development Snapshot －: IPv6 Technology ー Basic & Development Snapshot － Hiroshi ESAKI, Ph.D
- Board member, WIDE Project
- Executive director, IPv6 Promotion Council
- IPv6 project leader, TAO JGN
Where the Internet goes ?: Where the Internet goes ?
Internet Today: Internet Today パソコン サーバ 携帯
電話 IPv4 無線 電話線 その他
の線
further “huge number”and “various” nodes are hooked to: further “huge number”and “various” nodes are hooked to IPv6 PC サーバ 携帯 車 TV センサ 家電 映像
Everything with Internet: Everything with Internet IPv6
Slide6: Where the Internet Goes ? Quantitative Scalability
until Massive Scalability
Qualitative Scalability
Heterogeneity
(e.g., Bandwidth, QoS/CoS, Media, etc.,) ・ Internet for Everything → Everything over IP
・ Internet for Everyone → Everyone with IP
・ Internet Everywhere/Anytime/Anyhow
→ Everywhere and Anyhow to IP “ IP is for Everyone “
Issues for the Internet: Issues for the Internet More then exponential growth of the Internet
Running out of IP address，explosion of routing table entries
New area, new requirement
Urgent and short term solution for address and routing table entry
CIDR
Long term solution
Next generation Internet protocol － IPv6
Slide8: Explosion of the Internet
Geographical deployment （Jan. 93）: Geographical deployment （Jan. 93）
Slide10: Geographical deployment （Feb. 94）
Slide11: Geographical deployment （Jun. 96）
Slide12: Geographical deployment （Jun. 97）
Slide13: Projected routing table
growth without CIDR/NAT Deployment
Period of CIDR Moore’s Law and NATs
make routing work today Source: http//www.telstra.net/
ops/bgptable.html But they cannot be
relied on forever Explosion of routing table
New World for the Internet: New World for the Internet New Object Hooked to the Internet
Mobile
PDA
Home appliances
Facility Automation
Sensor Networking, RF-ID
New Topological Regions Hooked to the Internet
Asia
Africa
South America
Internet refrigerator: Internet refrigerator How many TV sets?
How many Fridges?
How many CD players?
How many people?
IP connected Control BOX?
Experimental project of Okayama Information Highway
Building Automation: Huge operational cost
Large portion by energy
Proprietary technology
Toward the open standard
More than 200K nodes in a single BA system
Vertical system and business structure
Need the horizontal integration
COP3 proposed by United Nation
Cut the energy comsumption ; 10% - 30%
Building Automation
Slide18: Internet into the 4th Wave 1st Wave ： Closed Open Network Global Open Network
not only for closed system
- TCP/IP as a common language
2nd Wave ： IP for Everyone/Billions
not only for researchers
- Scalability, Reliability & Robustness
3rd Wave ： IP for E-Business
not only for hobby/research
4th Wave：Broadband/Ubiquitous/Mobile (always connected)
not only for computers
- Small Nodes
- Heterogeneous (Quality and Quantity)
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
Toward “the Native Internet” from Internet over Telephone Infrastructure: Toward “the Native Internet” from Internet over Telephone Infrastructure
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
Internet Access Requirements Forecast: Source: Banc of America Securities LLC, Industry sources, 1998 Business Internet Access Users (Millions) Internet Access Requirements Forecast
Internet vs PSTN : Internet vs PSTN IP (Internet Protocol) Address
IPｖ４ : 32 bits ≒ 4x109 (4 billion)
(World’s Population ≒ 6 billion)
Telephone number
International ： 13 Digits ≒ 1000 billion
Domestic ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion
wired : 9 Digits ＝ 100 million
cellular: 2x8 Digits ＝ 20 million …already renumbered…
North America ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion ….already running out… We Need Further Addresses
Pupulatoin x N (N=?) PSTN ≒ population
Internet >> population
Internet vs PSTN : Internet vs PSTN IP (Internet Protocol) Address
IPｖ４ : 32 bits ≒ 4x109 (4 billion)
(World’s Population ≒ 6 billion)
Telephone number
International ： 13 Digits ≒ 1000 billion
Domestic ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion
wired : 9 Digits ＝ 100 million
cellular: 2x8 Digits ＝ 20 million …already renumbered…
North America ： 10 Digits ＝ 1 billion ….already running out… We Need Further Addresses
Pupulatoin x N (N=?) PSTN ≒ population
Internet >> population What’s happen, when
you design the always
connected network….
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
Optical Networking at Double Moore’s Law: Optical Networking at Double Moore’s Law Moore’s Law says that computer speed=2x every 18 months, and the cost = 50%
John Roth, president and chief executive officer, says that Nortel Networks is moving at twice the speed of Moore's Law, doubling the capacity of its fiber-optic systems and halving the cost every nine months.
Networks: 3 years=16x capacity, 6% cost
Computers: 3 years=4x speed, 25% cost
Networks: 6 years=256x capacity, >1/2% cost
Computers: 6 years=16x speed, 6% cost Source: HPCwire hpcwire@tgc.com>
Slide27: FTTH cost down 0 1 5 10 1995 1999～2000 1997 FTTH FTTH FTTH Cost per subscriber line Metal cost
Broadband * Always-on: Broadband * Always-on B-to-B 型 by Peer-to-Peer model
B-to-C 型 by Client-Server model
C-to-C 型 by Peer-to-Peer model
Wrong or Changing Assumption of System: Wrong or Changing Assumption of System Terminal has poor computation resource
Look at Game-Gear and Cellular-Gear
Server is expensive and powerful than client is.
Client has the same power as Serve has
Server uses the same hardware process as client use
Expensive HDD at server and cheap HDD at client
We could realize that a new business model will come out with IPv6; every node can be a server node
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
Slide32: Smaller and Powerful Computer Mobility ＝MIPS ｘ GB ÷ eright （decrease １０**3 / decade）
Nomadic IPv6 Environment: Town（HotSpot, Station,
GasStation） Commuting Travel Sales info. Guide Congestion info. Driving
(ITS) PDA Cellure Gear ＨＭＤ Nomadic IPv6 Environment Digital TV
Slide35: Head-mount
Display for a
Single Eye Single-hand
Keyboard Wearable
Computer By courtesy of Nikkei BP Inc. Wearable Computing Portions where a wearable computer
can be attached
2000s’ Internet Mutation: 2000s’ Internet Mutation Native Internet
Always connected
Broadband
Full Digital Media
Ubiquitous Computing Necessary condition;
End-to-end architecture model
Simple and transparent network
cleaver enough end-host
Internet - What we have to preserve -: Internet - What we have to preserve - Preserve the end-to-end architecture
End-to-end security
Bi-directional(Peer2Peer)
Internet “end-to-end model”: End system End system Internet “end-to-end model” Internet Routers in the middle
Slide39: What happen if .. End system End system? Intermediate nodes
Proxy server
Firewall
Protocol translator
Dial-up
Internet Internet ?
Slide40: End system End system
Internet Private Closed Network Enclosure by the intermediate nodes
Client/Server Architecture is breaking down: Client/Server Architecture is breaking down Global
Addressing
Realm Private
Address
Realm Private
Address
Realm For web:
Sufficient to have clients in private address spaces access servers in global address space Telephones
need an address when you call them, and are therefore servers in private realm
Need an end to end naming and addressing architecture: Need an end to end naming and addressing architecture Global
Addressing
Realm Implication:
IP Version 6 deployment required for continued development of Internet in Mobile Networks, Developing Countries
What we preserve: What we preserve NAT, Proxy is just an Ad Hoc solution
Global Address → IP Version 6 (128 bits address space)
Intermediate Proxy avoid the launch of new businesses
Transparent firewall and end-host security → Security is the end-to-end anyway !
Slide44: Principle of the Internet (1) “End-to-end principle”
(2) “IP over everything”
(3) “Connectivity is own reward”
(4) “We believe in running code” INET92@Kobe by Dr.David D. Clark
“We reject kings, presidents, and voting;
we believe in rough consensus and running code”
Slide45: Principle of the Internet
What is these means from security (1) “End-to-end principle” do it yourself !
(2) “IP over everything” …..connected….
(3) “Connectivity is a Disaster with Security”
(4) “We believe in running code” [Especially for residence and individuals]
1. Multi-Link connectivity
2. Stand-alone Portable Gear
Firewall Model in enterprise network
does not work !!!!!
Issues of the Internet(3) : Content-oriented architecture
Global directory service, far general than domain name
DRM; Copy Right management and accounting Issues of the Internet(3)
IPv6 enable; : IPv6 enable; Enlarge address space
Non-computer appliances are welcome to connect
New requirements
Auto-configuration (Plug & Play)
Mobility
Ubiquitous
End-to-End Communications
Security
Privacy
Summary : Summary Role of IPv6
Preserve “End-to-End” architecture
Platform for “always connected” environment
We can not stop the deployment of IPv6
Come up with address resource running out
Flexible and relaxed address allocation
Security, Privacy, Mobile, Ubiquitous
New business model
Operational experience and the ready-ness of each equipment with IPv6 are very important
Overview of IPv6: Overview of IPv6
IPv6; go back to Internet’s original architecture : IPv6; go back to Internet’s original architecture Enlargement of IP address space
Return to the End-to-End model ;-)
Aggregatable address structure
New requirements
Multicast
MobileIP
IPsec
Plug & Play
Standard address auto-configuration
Router and host renumbering
IPv6 vs. IPv4: IPv6 vs. IPv4 Enlargement of IP address space
32 bits 128 bits
32bit 4,294,967,296 (4 Billion)
128bit 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
Address architecture
Hierarchical
Scope of address
Flexible address type definition
Multicast function is built-in
Broadcast is a part of multicast
IPv6 vs. IPv4 (cont.): IPv6 vs. IPv4 (cont.) Address binding/resolution between link layer and network (IP) layer
ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)
NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol)
Detection of un-reachability
Security is inherit
IPsec is mandatory option
Flexible IP extension function/header
MobileIPv6
IPsec
Explicit Multicast
IPv6 Address Representation: IPv6 Address Representation Represents 128bit address with hex (“0”-”f”)
Each block of 4 hex is divided by “:”
Ex., 3ffe:501:100c:e320:2e0:18ff:fe98:936d
Contiguous “0” can be omitted
3ffe:0501:100c:e320:0000:0000:0000:0001 → 3ffe:501:100c:e320::0001
IPv6 Address Structure: IPv6 Address Structure Divided into “network-prefix” and “interface-id”.
Network prefix (upper 64bit)
It is allocated based on the aggregatable address structure
Host ID (lower 64bit)
EUI-64
For Ethernet，it can be generated from MAC address
IPv6 Addres Structure (cont.): IPv6 Addres Structure (cont.) Interface ID 64bit 64bit Network Prefix
Address Types: Address Types Unicast Address
Allocated to a single interface in the Internet
Anycast Address
Allocated to multiple interfaces, but delivered to only one interface among those interfaces
Multicast Address
Allocated to multiple interfaces, and delivered to all of these interfaces
Address Type (cont.): Address Type (cont.) Loopback Address
Representing it’s interface ::1
IPv4 compatible
::IPv4 address
::203.178.142.1
Used for automatic tunneling
IPv4 mapped address
::ffff:IPv4 address
::ffff:203.178.142.1
Representing a node, which have only IPv4 protocol stack
IPv6 addresses each node has: IPv6 addresses each node has Link local IPv6 address for each interface
Global Unicast address(es)
Loop back address
All node multicast address
Solicited node multicast address
Multicast address, that node belongs to
Aggregatable Address Structure: Aggregatable Address Structure Defined by RFC2374
Address allocation along with the network topology FP Format Prefix
RE Reserved
TLA ID Top-Level Aggregation Identifier
NLA ID Next-Level Aggregation Identifier
SLA ID Site-Level Aggregation Identifier
TLA (Top Level Aggregator): TLA (Top Level Aggregator) TLA ID RE 3 13 8 24 NLA ID FP TLA ID 3 13 13 19 NLA ID FP SubTLA
ID Defined by RFC Practical allocation RIRs (ARIN, RIPE, APNIC) allocates
have /29 address space
Exchange default-free routing information
NLA (Next Level Aggregator): NLA (Next Level Aggregator) ISP or site allocated by TLA
Can define any size of subnet
Can define /30～/48 address space
TLA ID RE 3 13 8 24 NLA ID FP TLA ID NLA ID FP SubTLA
ID Defined by RFC Practical allocation 3 13 13 19
SLA (Site Level Aggregator): SLA (Site Level Aggregator) Organization allocated from NLA
Have /49～/64 address space TLA ID NLA ID FP SubTLA
ID 3 13 13 19 16 SLA ID
Address Allocation Rule: Address Allocation Rule ISP A ISP B Site A Site B 3ffe:500::/24 3ffe:501::/32 3ffe:501:1000:/48 3ffe:501:2000:/48 TLA ID NLA ID SLA ID
Route information aggregation: Route information aggregation ISP A ISP B C ISP D ISP E 3ffe:500::/24 3ffe:501::/32 3ffe:501:1000::/48 3ffe:501:2000::/48 3ffe:501:3000::/48
Multi-Homing: Multi-Homing ISP1 ISP2 Multi-Home Network 3ffe:501:1000::/48 2001:218:1800::/48 3ffe:501:1000:1000::/64
2001:218:1800:1000::/64
Packet Format : Packet Format
IPv4 header: IPv4 header Ver HL TOS Total Length Identification Flag Fragment
Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options Padding IPv4
IPv6 header: IPv6 header Ver Traffic
Class Flow Label Payload Length Next
Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address IPv6 Red colored fields experiences name change from IPv4 to IPv6
Fixed length header length
IPv6 header field: IPv6 header field Version version = 6
Traffic Class for diff-serv code
Flow Label Flow label (real-time)
Payload Length payload length （Bytes）
Next Header inform the next herder
(RFC1700)
Hop Limit decremented at each router
Source Address
Destination Address
Extension header: Extension header Next Header
= TCP Next Header = TCP IPv6 Header TCP Header IPv6 Header Next Header
= EXT EXT Header TCP Header Hop-by-Hop Option
detail should be defined
End host option
Option ID is on the table
Routing header
Fragment header
Authentication header
ESP header encripted Next Header
= EXT IPv6 Header Next Header
= EXT EXT Header TCP Header EXT Header Next Header
= TCP
Extension (cont.): Extension (cont.) Order is recommended
Efficient processing
Has to be processed, even with different order
Thru-option and
Hop-by-hop option
End-host option
Erroneous header
ICMP packet transmission or silent discard
Length of extension header has 8bits alignment
TLV format for extension field: TLV format for extension field Option Type Option Len Option Data 00 do not discard the packet
01 discard the packet
10 discard the packet to send ICMP error packet
discard the packet to send ICMP error packet,if it
is not multicast packet 0 do not rewrite along the path
1 Can be rewritten along the path Option type Option Length in octed
ICMPv6: ICMPv6
ICMPv6: ICMPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6
Control and management for IP
Error indication
Indication of communication status
Applications using the ICMP
ping, traceroute
ICMPv6 packet format: ICMPv6 packet format ０ １ ２ ３
０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １ ２ ３ ４ ５ ６ ７ ８ ９ ０ １
Type Code checksum
Message Body Type Value
Type Semantics
1 Destination unreachable
2 Packet is too big
3 Time exceeded
4 Parameter problem
128 Echo request
129 Echo reply
Path MTU discovery protocol: Path MTU discovery protocol Discover the Path MTU, dynamically
MTU of the first link is the initial MTU size
When the source node receives “Too Big Message” of ICMP error message, decrease the MTU size
Investigate with given interval (e.g., 10 min.)
src dst router router router Path MTU Discovery
NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol): NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol)
NDP Functions: NDP Functions ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)
NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol)
Implement as ICMP
Mapping and binding between IP and link
Discover the neighbor node
Detect un-reachability of neighbor node
DAD (Duplicated Address Detection)
Use the multicast service
NDP Functions (cont.): NDP Functions (cont.) Auto-configuration (Plug & Play)
Router discovery
Detect router type
Automatic address generation
Reachability
Detection of reachability
Detection of un-reachability
Redirection
NDP Message Types: NDP Message Types Router Solicitation
Query to router by node
Query to the Solicited Address (multicast address)
Router Advertisement
Network prefix, address configuration information, hop-limit
Neighbor Solicitation
Query of link layer address (with link local address)
Neighbor Advertisement
Reply to the neighbor solicitation
Redirect
Indicate better intermediate node
Solicited Address: Solicited Address IP address to resolve the link layer address
2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678
Query to “ff02::1:ff34:5678” regarding the link layer address
Node with “2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678” replies to “ff02::1:ff34:5678” query HOST HOST 2001:218:1800:c050::1234:5678 Who has ff02::1:ff34:5678 ? I have it !!!
Auto-configuration i.e., plug & play: Auto-configuration i.e., plug & play
Host auto-configuration: Host auto-configuration Stateless Address Auto Configuration
Auto-configure; IP address and route(s)
Implement as an NDP
EUI-64 for host-id Router Host Host RA Plug&Play
DHCP : DHCP DHCP； Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
It is said that we do not need DHCP for IPv6.
But, we need DHCP, anyway……
Address prefix allocation
Indication of DNS server’s IP address
Security : Security
What IPsec provides : What IPsec provides Framework is independent from individual algorithm, and the algorithm should be portable
IPv6 specifies default algorithms
keyed MD5，DES CBC，…
Three functions
Authentication
Integrity
Encryption
Tow security mechanisms: Tow security mechanisms AH － Authentication Header
Authentication and integrity check
ESP － Encapsulating Security Payload
Encrypting the data
Mobility : Mobility
Slide90: Mobile IP operational example
Deployment of IPv6 to IPv4: Deployment of IPv6 to IPv4
IPv6 transition : IPv6 transition IPv6 introduction
Tools and technology for IPv6 deployment : Tools and technology for IPv6 deployment Dual stack
Implement both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stack
IPv6 in IPv4 tunneling
Overlay the IPv6 network over legacy IPv4 network, i.e., 6-Bone.
Encapsulated networking
Translator
Internetworking between IPv4 host and IPv6 host
Perform packet format translation
Dual Stack : Dual Stack Install both IPv6 and IPv4 stacks in a single node
According to the destination node’s IP version, select the protocol version (IPv4 or IPv6)
If it is IPv4, → Use IPv4
If it is IPv6 or IPv6/IPv4(dual stack), → Use IPv6
IPv4 / IPv6 translation: IPv4 / IPv6 translation BIS (Bump-in-the-Stack)
BIA (Bump-in-the-Application)
6-to-4
SIIT
NAT-PT/NAPT-PT
SOCKS
Tunnel broker
ISATAP
DSTM (Dual Stack Transition Mechanism)
IPv6 routing protocols: IPv6 routing protocols RIP RIPng
BGP4 BGP4+
OSPFv2 OSPFv3
IS-IS IS-IS for IPv6
DNS for IPv6: DNS for IPv6 RFC1886, RFC2874
Introduce new RR (Resource Recode) for IPv6
AAAA
A6 (experimental)
DNAME
Inverse zone
Ip6.int. (nibble boundary)
does not use…due to use of “.int” as gTLD
Ip6.arpa. (bitlabel boundary)
API Application Interface: API Application Interface Basic socket API(RFC2553)
Advanced socketAPI(RFC2292)
Socket interface for IPv6 : Socket interface for IPv6 Socket Interface
De Facto interface for data communication using TCP/IP
Developed for UNIX system in beginning of 1980’s. Socket is used not only by UNIX, but also by other operating system
Applications using the socket interface has high portability among different platform
We need the same application portability for IPv6 system.
RFC2553 (Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6)
RFC2292 (Advanced Socket API for IPv6)
IPv6 Basic Socket API: IPv6 Basic Socket API RFC2553: Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
Application using the legacy API should work on IPv6 platform
Support of Raw socket and advanced control especially for IPv6 is provided by Advanced socket API
Legacy application should work on IPv6 with minimum software modification
Should be available for both IPv6 and IPv4 environments
64 bits alignment
Multi-Thread
Basic API compoments: Basic API compoments Core socket routines
Address data struct
Name – Address translation routines
Address translation routines
Core Socket Routines: Core Socket Routines socket(), bind(), connect(), accept(), listen()
Protocol family ; PF_INET6
Address family ; AF_INET6
Address struct
struct in6_addr {
union {
uint8_t __S6_u8[16];
uint16_t __S6_u16[8];
uint32_t __S6_u32[4];
} __S6_un;
#define s6_addr __S6_un.__S6_u8
Slide103: IPv6 Socket address
struct sockaddr_in6 {
sa_family_t sin6_family; /* AF_INET6 */
in_port_t sin6_port; /* port number */
uint32_t sin6_flowinfo; /* flow label */
struct in6_addr sin6_addr; /* IPv6 address */
uint32_t sin6_scope_id; /* scope id */
};
Slide104: IPv4:
int s;
struct sin_addr sn;
s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
/* set sn */
connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)sn, sizeof(sn));
/* ... */
IPv6:
int s;
struct sin6_addr sn;
s = socket(PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
/* set sn */
connect(s, (struct sockaddr*)sn, sizeof(sn));
/* ... */
Name IP address -- protocol independent--: Name IP address -- protocol independent-- Name → Address
int getaddrinfo(const char *nodename,
const char *servname,
const struct addrinfo *hints,
struct addrinfo **res);
Address → Name
int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa,
socklen_t salen,
char *host, size_t hostlen,
char *serv, size_t servlen,
int flags);
getaddrinfo(): getaddrinfo() int getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char *servname,
const struct addrinfo *hints,
struct addrinfo **res);
struct addrinfo {
int ai_flags; /* flag */
int ai_family; /* protocol family PF_xx */
int ai_socktype; /* socket type SOCK_xx */
int ai_protocol; /* protocol, for IP IPPROTO_xxx */
size_t ai_addrlen; /* address length */
char *ai_canonname; /* cannonical name */
struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* socket address */
struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* next link */
};
Replace of “get{host,ipnode}byname()”
Protocol independent function
getnameinfo(): getnameinfo() int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
char *host, size_t hostlen,
char *serv, size_t servlen,
int flags);
#define NI_MAXHOST 1025
#define NI_MAXSERV 32
Replace “get{host,ipnode}byaddr()”
Summary of Basic Socket API: Summary of Basic Socket API RFC2553: Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6
PF_INET/AF_INET → PF_INET6/AF_INET6
in_addr{} → in6_addr{}
sockaddr_in{} → sockaddr_in6{}
Programming, that is protocol independent
getaddrinfo()
getnameinfo()
Current Status of IPv6 Deployment: Current Status of IPv6 Deployment
Recent Big News around IPv6: Recent Big News around IPv6 USA
DoD will be IPv6-able until 2008
DoC will transit to IPv6
USA gets larger number of IPv6 address prefixes
EU
Defense Departments of NATO countries will be IPv6-able
United Kingdom
Germany
France
UK, France started study of IPv6 adoption in e-Gov.
Recent Big News around IPv6 (cont’): Recent Big News around IPv6 (cont’) China
Kicked off the CNGI (China Next Generation Internet) by Chinese government ; two year program
All six major carriers are building IPv6 infrastructures
Major manufactures in China have already worked on IPv6.
VoIP over wireless with IPv6 is their serious consideration
Korea
Government announces they aim the 50-100 times larger bandwidth network/infrastructure using IPv6
Samsung is quiet serious on IPv6
NCA and TTA is serious on IPv6
Taiwan
IPv6 Task Force has been established.
6-year “e-Taiwan” national project (-2008) is in progress
Slide113: Contacts:
Hiroshi Esaki
Jim Bound
Latif Ladid, IPv6 Ready Logo Program
run by IPv6 Forum
September 1, 2003
1. Test Specification Released
2. Practical logo program starts
Who is the show stopper ? : Who is the show stopper ? Current Status of IPv6 Technology
All components seems be ready: All components seems be ready Governments Support IPv6
Major ISPs have started services
Even start-ups and rural small ISPs
Backbone and IX providers have started
Major router venders are “v6-ready”
Major terminal venders started trials
Home appliances, sensors, Web-cameras, etc.
Other service area started trials
Internet Car/Train, Medical, On-line Games, etc
Who evaluate the technology ?: Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher
Vendor
Operator
Corporate executives
Customer/Consumer
Who evaluate the technology ?: Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher
Vendor
Operator
Corporate executives
Customer/Consumer
always THE “decision maker” slave of “money, i.e., profit” hate “outage” fun for “implementation” seeking “cutting-edge”
Who evaluate the technology ?: always THE “decision maker” slave of “money, i.e., profit” hate “outage” fun for “implementation” seeking “cutting-edge” Who evaluate the technology ? Researcher
Vendor
Operator
Corporate executives
Customer/Consumer
always THE “decision maker” slave of “money, i.e., profit” hate “outage” fun for “implementation” seeking “cutting-edge” Let’s persuade above three players !!
Development of Components (1): Development of Components (1) ・ Operating System
(1) Microsoft Windows
- Windows XP and 2000 (and CE)
- 6to4(public), TEREDO(private), ISATAP(Intranet)
- Developer tools ; winsock, visual studio, etc
(2) Apple MAC OS X2
(3) UNIX with KAME Stack
Free-BSD, BSDI, NetBSD, OpenBSD
(4) SUN Solaris 8 and 9
(5) LINUX powered by USAGI
(6) TRON by Access
(7) other embeded OS (e.g., VxWorks, Elmic)
Applications for MS Windows: Applications for MS Windows Mailer
X
SSH / Telnet
FTP
Web
UNIX API Library
Packet Capture
DNS
IPv4/IPv6 Translator
IRC Streaming
Tunnel Broker
Editor
Slide121: Router
Cisco
Juniper
Hitachi
NEC
Fujitsu
Extreme
Foundry
NOKIA
etc, Backbone router
Edge router
Access node (e.g.,aggregator)
SOHO router (available) Firewall router
- check point
- NOKIA
- NetScreen
- Internet Security Systems Development of Components (2)
IPv6 routers: IPv6 routers GeoStream GSR IX5020 GR2000
Slide123: European Countries ・Applications；Wireless / Cell-Phone
・FRAMEWORK5(EU Project)
(*) 1999－2003
- 6NET, EURO6IX, GEANT
- 6INIT 6WINIT
・3G would be a initiator ?
European academic deployment: European academic deployment National (NREN) initiatives
e.g. UNINETT, RENATER, DFN, UKERNA
Generally deployment and trial focused
European Commission funded projects
IST 5th Framework
6INIT, 6WINIT, 6NET, Euro6IX, 6LINK, …
Mixture of research and deployment
GÉANT pan-European deployment
GEANT spans 25+ National Research Networks
Programme includes introduction of IPv6 into production service in GÉANT lifetime (by 2004)
European Commission and IPv6: European Commission and IPv6 IST programme funding
5th Framework just ending
At least 15 IPv6-related projects
EC funding approaching €100M
First project 6INIT (Jan 2000- Apr 2001)
Largest projects 6NET and Euro6IX
6th Framework about to start
Cluster for IPv6 projects
http://www.ist-ipv6.org/
Led by 6LINK project: http://www.6link.org/
EU IPv6 Task Force: EU IPv6 Task Force Goal to draw up recommendations
To industry, to EC, to governments
Recommendations to EU Heads of State
Heard at meeting in March 2002
Adopt IPv6 and broadband service deployment
Deployment must be market-led
See http://www.ipv6-taskforce.org/
Recommendations need to be followed up
New IPv6 TF Steering Group
Promote and monitor adoption via national TF’s
6NET and Euro6IX: 6NET and Euro6IX EC IST programme, 5th Framework
Both projects funded to € 8-10M by EC
Both projects have a 3-year duration
Run from Jan 1st 2002 to Dec 31st 2004
6NET majors on academic networks
High capacity native network spans 11 NRENs
Euro6IX focuses on (commercial) telcos
Deploying and linking IPv6 exchange points, investigating new (telco) business models
Slide128: To North America To
Japan To
Korea 2 Platforms boosting IPv6 launch in Europe Note: The contracts for both Euro6IX and 6NET are expected to be signed by the end of 2001
Slide129: North America ・Vendors
Cisco, Juniper, Extream…etc
Miscrosoft
・Providers
Think Global !
・Applications
Killer Applications are emerging
・R&E Network (e.g., Abeline)
・Procurement by DoD
Slide130: Status of Asia
Korea: Korea
Korea movement: Korea movement Following to Japan, Korea Government set an IT strategy for the next generation of network deployment, especially with IPv6
Government declaration in 2001 made a change of mood for deployment of IPv6 in Korea
Korea likes to lead the IPv6 technology in the world
Started KRv6 Project
http://www.krv6.net/
Korea situation: Korea situation Government allocates the budget 83.9 billion KRW (about 67 million Euro) on “Internet technology” for 2003-05
Including IPv6-based Large scale testbed (6NGIX), VoIP, Multicast, Wireless Mobile Internet and Standardization activity for IETF Contribution
Active in R&D side
Seeking “Killer” application on IPv6 internet
Many trials have started
Samsung, LG developed IPv6 Home appliances and Home mobile network
Korea IPv6 Promoters: Korea IPv6 Promoters ETRI (Electronics and Technology Research Institute of Korea)
Acquisition and deployment of Tele-com device technologies
Secretariat of IPv6 Forum Korea
Hosting Global IPv6 Summit in Korea (http://www.ipv6.or.kr/)
Had a general cooperation agreement with IPv6 PC JP
NCA (National Computer Agency)
Setting Deployment policy and seeking application for Computers and Communication arena
Chair of Application WG of IPv6 Forum Korea
Planning Korea IPv6 Showroom
collaboration with IPv6 PC JP (under discussion)
Korea IPv6 Trials: Korea IPv6 Trials IPv6 Application Development
IPv6 Multicast Conferencing (ETRI,2002)
IPv6 Video Streaming (ETRI,2002)
VoIPv6 (NCA, 2002)
IPv6 Networking Service
Public IPv6 Wireless LAN Service (ETRI, Hanaro, 2002)
IPv6 Home Networking Protocol (ETRI, 2002)
IPv6 Showroom in Korea (just opened)
Operated by NCA
MoU between Japan for cooperation
KOREAv6 project
Global IPv6 Trail Service for real deployment in Korea
China: China
IPv4 address allocation in China: IPv4 address allocation in China source from APNIC and CNNIC 2003.1
Telephone user trends in China: Telephone user trends in China
Japan: Japan
Slide140: IPv6 Referenced Implementation
Slide141: IPv6 Referenced Implementation KAME IPv6 for *BSD* (since 1998)
- http://www.kame.net
USAGI IPv6 for LINUX (since 2000)
- http://www.linux-ipv6.org
TAHI IPv6 Test & Evaluation (since 1998)
- http://www.tahi.org
- Collaborate with IPv6-PC Certification WG
DNS and BIND (since 2001)
- Collaborate with USC-ISI, ISC
Nautilus for Mobile Reality (since 2003)
- http://www.nautilus6.org/
Testbed Operation for Interoperability Development: Testbed Operation for Interoperability Development JGN IPv6
Networld+Interop Tokyo
IPv6 Promotion Council Testbeds
Slide143: JGN (Japan Gigabit Network) IPv6 Service
Since October 2001 JGN IPv6 NOC ; 26 sites
- Otemachi(Tokyo), Dojima(Osaka), Research Center (Tohoku-U, Makuhari, U-Tokyo,
Kochi), Giga-Lab (Tsukubam Keihan-na, Okayamam Kokura), Tohoku-U, U-Tokyo,
Keio-U, Nagoya-U, Toyama, Ishikawa/JAIST, NAIST, Softpia, Kyoto-U, Osaka-U,
KUSA、Hiroshima-U, Hiroshima-CU, Kyushu-U, Saga-U, Okinawa
Interoperability, conformance and performance Evaluation Lab. ; 3 sites
Otemachi, Okayama, Makuhari IPv6 Routers (multi-vendor); Cisco, Juniper, Hitachi, Fujitsu, NEC Okayama Lab.
for conformance, interop., and performance
Routers on the JGNv6: Routers on the JGNv6
Routers/Switches at Okayama: Routers/Switches at Okayama
Networld+Interop Tokyo IPv6 at Shownet : Networld+Interop Tokyo IPv6 at Shownet Since 1997
Slide147: IPv4/IPv6 Network Configuration 2002
with full dual stack operation
Slide148: IPv6 Promotion Council Test-bed
- working with commercial players - Carriers/ISP : NTT groups, Yusen, IP_Revolution, Tokyo Metallic,
JCN, Biglobe, Nifty, etc.,
Operating System : Microsoft, BSD, Mac, Sun, Linux, and etc.
Data Center : NTT Communications, and others
DRM : KeelNetworks
CDN : Accelier
VoIP : SoftFront
Wireless : NOKIA, SHARP, NTT-DoCoMo, J-Phone
Cable Modem : Panasonic, Hitachi and etc.,
Sensor node : Yokogawa
Satellite : JCSAT/NTTSC
Game gear : SONY(Play Station 2)
Security (IPSec/IKE/PKI/IDS/DDoS) : INTEC and others
Slide149: Conventional ISP networks NTT－C IPv6 backbone ＣＡＴＶ wireless Digital broadcast Legacy ISPs Peer-to-Peer Applications Remote access MIPv6
NEMO Home router High Speed
routing Network monitoring
IDS, DDoS IP-Tel Digital Broadcast Wireless ＬＡＮ ＡＳＤＬ Optical Streams Authentication
PKI, Security Tokyo iDC Bi-directional video chat Peering with commercial ISPes IPv6 net. IPv6 tesbed
CDN, Contents Delivery Network
Network management
IPv6 help desk
Toward the Next Stage with IPv6 : Toward the Next Stage with IPv6
Integration with the “Real-Space” Activity - examples - : Integration with the “Real-Space” Activity - examples - Private Contents
Personal & Corporate Contents
Public Safety Service
e.g., police (USA, Japan), fire fighter, ambulance
Public Service
e.g., Transporting system
{Building/Home/Factory} Automation
Healthcare Service
SCM with RF-ID
SONY Broadband Solutions Video chat system using PS2: SONY Broadband Solutions Video chat system using PS2
Ubo Project Peer-to-Peer video chat system: Ubo Project Peer-to-Peer video chat system Via IPv6 net.
Slide158: Mobile IPv6 over wireless internet platform
Real IP oriented “Wireless” network TrainCar Resident (Mobile IPv6 RT) Shopping Mall, Station, Airport Wireless LAN AP (Mobile IPv6 RT) IEEE 802.11b (Mobile IPv6 RT) IEEE 802.11b IEEE 802.11b FA ; Factory Automation
BA ; Building Automation
HA ; Home Automation
Geographical Location Info.: Geographical Location Info. Home Servers Visualize Real Time Visualization Registration Area Servers Nagoya City Metropolitan Tokyo
Probe Information System (Traffic): Probe Information System (Traffic)
Probe Information System (Rain condition): Probe Information System (Rain condition)
Summary - toward “Reality of IPv6” - : Summary - toward “Reality of IPv6” - Let Platform Ready
Experimental
Development & Standardization, e.g., KAME/USAGI/Nautilus
Interoperability (TAHI) & Testbed Operation (WIDE)
Professional
Interoperability
IPv6 Forum “IPv6 Ready Logo Program”
Testbed Operation for Interoperability and Applications
Global R&D Network
Asian R&D Network
Domestic Nation-wide R&D Network
Commercial Operation
Let Application Ready
Toward the Real-Space Internet
Conclusion : Conclusion
Who is the show stopper for IPv6 ?
Current Status of IPv6
Toward the Real-Space Internet