sr AkzoNobel3

Options to Meet Future European DieselDemand and Specifications : 

Options to Meet Future European Diesel Demand and Specifications L.A. Gerritsen, H. Sonnemans, S.L. Lee N. Kimbara

ABSTRACT: 

ABSTRACT Introduction. Production of 50 ppm S in Existing Units: Impact of a New, High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distribution Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection Investment in New Technology MAKFine Diesel Upgrading Conclusions

Slide3: 

Diesel Specifications Europe (1) Derogation possible until Jan. 2003 (2) Derogation possible until Jan. 2007 2005 specs can still change as a result of AOP-II, December 1999

Implications: 

Implications Aggressive Reduction of Diesel Sulfur to 50 ppm, or even lower. Other Specifications decided for 2005 are possible without major difficulty. Much will depend on decisions to be taken in December 1999, on basis of outcome AOP-2. For instance, the effects of T95 distillation point.

Feedstock Properties Change with T95 Point.: 

Feedstock Properties Change with T95 Point. 50/50 blend of LCO/SRGO, distilled to different T95

Diesel Yield Drops With Low T95: 

Diesel Yield Drops With Low T95 50/50 blend of LCO/SRGO, distilled to different T95

Slide7: 

HDS improves with low T95 Constant operating conditions, same catalyst

Conclusions T95 Effect: 

Conclusions T95 Effect Sulfur More Easily to Remove at Low T95. Each 10 C reduction in T95 Lowers Sulfur with 50-60 ppm. But Sulfur Does NOT Drop Sufficiently to Meet 2005 Sulfur Spec. Other Measures Are Needed.

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs?: 

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs? Options: High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distributors Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection (and Good Catalyst Loading, Catalyst Activation, Unit Operating Practices,etc) New HPC Technologies

Slide10: 

STARS = Super Type II Active Reaction Sites

STARS Catalysts: 

STARS Catalysts New Catalyst Manufacturing Technology which maximizes the number of Super Type II Active Reaction Sites (STARS) with Very High Intrinsic Activity for HDN and HDS. Two New Catalysts Commercialized on the Basis of the STARS concept: Ketjenfine KF 757 is the New Ultra Deep Diesel HDS Catalyst. Ketjenfine KF 848 is the New Ultra High Activity HC-Pretreat Catalyst. First Commercial Applications Spring 1998.

Slide12: 

HDS ACTIVITY BENEFITS

Slide13: 

HDS Activity KF-757 as high as 160% at low S (relative to KF-756)

Slide14: 

Stability of KF 757

Slide15: 

More Volume Swell with KF-757 compared to KF 756.

Commercial Experience KF-757: 

Commercial Experience KF-757 Refinery 1 Installed in May 1998. Replacing KF-756 Feed only presulfiding Blocked Operation LGO and HGO 30 Bars ppH2 Reports 8 C Better Activity with KF-757 Expects to Double Cycle Length with KF-757.

Slide17: 

Commercial Experience KF 757 Refinery 1

Commercial Experience KF-757: 

Commercial Experience KF-757 Refinery 2 Installed July 1998, Replacing KF-756. Blend SRGO/LCGO/LCO (40-70% Cracked) 21 Bars ppH2, feed only presulfiding. Shows Expected Performance. Refinery 2 Installed July 1998, Replacing KF-756. Kerosine application. Target : Better Color. Activity 13 C better with KF-757

How Can We Use High-Activity Catalystto Make 350 and 50 ppm Sulfurin Existing Diesel HDS Units?: 

How Can We Use High-Activity Catalyst to Make 350 and 50 ppm Sulfur in Existing Diesel HDS Units?

Slide20: 

EFFECT OF CATALYST SWITCH Constant feed and operating conditions

KF-757 Obtains 13 Months for 50 ppm : 

KF-752 KF-757 T95=370 T95=360 KF-757 Obtains 13 Months for 50 ppm No Unit Revamp, Currently 500 ppm, 24 months cycles, KF-752.

Conclusion High-Activity Catalyst: 

Conclusion High-Activity Catalyst KF-757 is a STARS Catalyst with up to 60% Higher Activity Than Other High-Activity Catalysts, like KF 756. KF-757 Can Achieve 50 ppm Sulfur Without Revamp of the unit and acceptable cycle length. Of Course, Each Situation is Site Specific and Needs Separate Consideration. Akzo Nobel Technical Service Can Assist the Refiner to Assess Feasibility to Produce 50 ppm Sulfur in Existing Units.

Slide23: 

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs? Options: High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distributors Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection (and Good Catalyst Loading, Catalyst Activation, Unit Operating Practices,etc) New HPC Technologies

Gas/Liquid Distribution is Important: 

Gas/Liquid Distribution is Important Example of Unit with 70% Catalyst Contacting Efficiency ( not Unusual in Industry)

Slide25: 

Akzo Nobel Distributor Technology Purchased by Akzo Nobel from major oil company early 1996, to solve a distributor problem in diesel HDS unit. In total 35 trays installed in 15 units in Europe and USA since 1996. Advantages: excellent experience; not expensive; design and hardware can be delivered fast. Spider-Vortex Technology for more critical operations, like Hydrocracking.

Slide26: 

Example Akzo Nobel Distributor Observed WABT in line with pilot plant and model predictions Cycle length was more than tripled

Slide27: 

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs? Options: High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distributors Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection (and Good Catalyst Loading, Catalyst Activation, Unit Operating Practices,etc) New HPC Technologies

Why is a Guard Bed Important?: 

Why is a Guard Bed Important? Cycle Length is Often Limited by Pressure Drop (due to Feed Particulates and/or Gums). Plugging of Top Layers Results in less Good Distribution, Shortening the Cycle Length. Also Catalyst Poisoning can Shorten the Cycle. Guard Bed Technology Moves the Limitation in Cycle Length Back to Catalyst Activity.

Guard Bed Technology: 

3Q Main Bed KF-542-5R KF-542-9R KG-50 Enlarge Zone of Particulate Deposition by Varying Catalyst Size and Shape Grade Catalyst Activity for Controlled Hydrogenation of Gums and Unsaturates. Metal Traps to Catch Feed Poisons. Guard Bed Technology

Guard Bed Technology: 

Guard Bed Technology Moves Back Limitation to Catalyst Activity. Prevents unnecessary Costs of an Unscheduled Shutdown. Provides Extra Cycle Length and Capability to Produce 50 ppm Sulfur at Little or No Additional Catalyst Cost to the Refiner.

Slide31: 

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs? Options: High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distributors Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection (and Good Catalyst Loading, Catalyst Activation, Unit Operating Practices,etc) New HPC Technologies

Feedstock Selection: 

Feedstock Selection Product Properties After Hydrotreating at 45 Bar and Constant Temperature and Space Velocity

Options Cracked Stocks: 

Options Cracked Stocks Blend away to Heating Oil. But Reduces the Diesel Pool and This may be Unattractive. In Existing Unit the Catalyst System can be Adapted to Higher Hydrogenation Activity, but Margins are Small. If these Options are Insufficient, the only Remaining Option is Investment in Revamp or Grassroots Equipment.

Slide34: 

How to Achieve Lower Diesel Sulfur at Low Costs? Options: High-Activity Catalyst. Good Unit Care Gas-Liquid Distributors Guard Bed Technology Feedstock Selection (and Good Catalyst Loading, Catalyst Activation, Unit Operating Practices,etc) New HPC Technologies

New HPC Technologies: 

New HPC Technologies MAKFining Alliance Offers Wide Array of Clean Fuel Technologies: MAKFining MPHC MAKFining HDC-LCO MAKFining MDDW and CFI MAKFining MIDW MAKFining HDAr Medium Pressure Design to Minimize Costs and Achieve Controlled Hydrogen Consumption.

MAKFining HDC-LCO: 

MAKFining HDC-LCO

MAKFining MPHC-MIDW: 

MAKFining MPHC-MIDW Feedstock : Middle East VGO Mobil Jurong Commercial Experience

CONCLUSIONS: 

CONCLUSIONS Most Challenging Requirement of Current Set of Diesel Specs is the 50 ppm Sulfur. Capability of Existing Units for 2005 Specs: Highest Activity Catalyst ( STARS KF-757). New Distributor and Guard Bed Technology Routing Cracked Stocks to Heating Oil. If Combination of these Measures is not Sufficient, MAKFining offers Clean Fuel Technologies operating at Medium Pressure with Controlled Hydrogen Consumption.