Einstein and the 2005 Year of Physics 1

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1: 

Signature will be stamped on your notes at the end of the program.

Slide2: 

New from Lecture-Demonstration Now on a two-DVD set: The classic four-hour video collection: Demonstrations in Acoustics for only $20. Discount for direct cash Sales. Inquire in front. Dr. Richard E. Berg, demonstrating over 70 experiments, in 29 titled segments, covering vibrations, waves and sound.

Slide3: 

New Physics is Phun e-mail list Go to the Physics is Phun web site and click on “mailing list” link near top of page 0

Slide4: 

Please be Seated

Physics is Phun November 2005: 

Physics is Phun November 2005 Einstein and the 2005 Year of Physics

In 1905, at the age of 25, Einstein published papers on Brownian Motion, the Photoelectric Effect, and Relativity.: 

In 1905, at the age of 25, Einstein published papers on Brownian Motion, the Photoelectric Effect, and Relativity.

This achievement has been called the most productive year for any scientist, ever.: 

This achievement has been called the most productive year for any scientist, ever.

The centennial of this event is celebrated as the 2005 Year of Physics: 

The centennial of this event is celebrated as the 2005 Year of Physics

Quote of the Century: "The word ‘genius’ isn't applicable in football. A genius is a guy like Norman Einstein." --Joe Theismann, NFL football quarterback & sports analyst. : 

Quote of the Century: "The word ‘genius’ isn't applicable in football. A genius is a guy like Norman Einstein." --Joe Theismann, NFL football quarterback & sports analyst.

Slide10: 

In the matter of physics, the first lessons should contain nothing but what is experimental and interesting to see. A pretty experiment is in itself often more valuable than twenty formulae extracted from our minds.   -Albert Einstein

Some Reference materials: National Science Foundation web site American Association of Physics Teachers web site University of Maryland Physics Question of the Week web site: 

Some Reference materials: National Science Foundation web site American Association of Physics Teachers web site University of Maryland Physics Question of the Week web site

Slide12: 

Topics for this evening: Brownian Motion The Photoelectric Effect Relativity

Slide13: 

Brownian motion: is the small molecular motion inherent in all molecules, even at the lowest possible temperature.

Discovered by botanist Robert Browne (1773-1858) “..in 1827. The story goes that Brown was studying pollen particles floating in water under the microscope.” : 

Discovered by botanist Robert Browne (1773-1858) “..in 1827. The story goes that Brown was studying pollen particles floating in water under the microscope.” From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Brownian Motion of smoke particles demonstration: 

Brownian Motion of smoke particles demonstration

Java applet of Brownian motion: 

Java applet of Brownian motion

Mechanical Model of Brownian Motion: 

Mechanical Model of Brownian Motion

Slide18: 

“More accurate” description: statistical fluctuations requiring ~10,000 net molecular collisions to change particle motion.

Implications of Brownian Motion:: 

Implications of Brownian Motion: Air pressure Diffusion of gases

Reducing Brownian Motion: 

Reducing Brownian Motion Minimizing molecular motion in atomic clocks increases accuracy of clocks and GPS.

Slide21: 

William Phillips Professor of Physics, University of Maryland Nobel prize in 1997 for Laser cooling of atoms Video showing magnetically trapped block of cesium atoms

Slide22: 

The Photoelectric Effect: describes the particle behavior of light.

Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the Photoelectric Effect: 

Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for work on the Photoelectric Effect

Ef = h f E = photon energy h = Planck’s constant (~6.6x10-34 Joule-sec) f = light frequency: 

Ef = h f E = photon energy h = Planck’s constant (~6.6x10-34 Joule-sec) f = light frequency

Slide26: 

KEe = Ef – W = hf - W A single photon of light is absorbed by an electron, causing it to be ejected from the surface of the metal. Graphic from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Demonstrations: 

Demonstrations Photoelectric effect in zinc 2. Full photoelectric effect

Applications:: 

Applications: Solar power Solar engines Solar switches “Hydrogen” economy

2005 Nobel prize in Physics to Glauber, Hall, & Haensch (application of quantum nature of light to build atomic clocks to 10-15 accuracy and thus improve GPS accuracy ): 

2005 Nobel prize in Physics to Glauber, Hall, & Haensch (application of quantum nature of light to build atomic clocks to 10-15 accuracy and thus improve GPS accuracy )

Slide30: 

Relativity: deals in part with frames of reference and how we view physical phenomena.

Slide31: 

Physics experiments are fully accurate only in an inertial frame of reference or in a local inertial frame. When might a physics experiment be correct?

Galilean Relativity and the Funnel Cart Demonstration: 

Galilean Relativity and the Funnel Cart Demonstration

Local inertial frame of reference demonstration: 

Local inertial frame of reference demonstration

Einstein’s favorite demonstration: 

Einstein’s favorite demonstration

The Speed of Light and the search for a Preferred Inertial Frame of Reference: 

The Speed of Light and the search for a Preferred Inertial Frame of Reference

The Michelson-Morley experiment: 

The Michelson-Morley experiment

Slide37: 

1. There is NO preferred frame of reference.

2. The speed of Light is the same in all inertial frames: 

2. The speed of Light is the same in all inertial frames

Applications of Relativity: 

Applications of Relativity

Michelson Interferometer with White Light Color Mixing: W = R + G + B W – R = G + B = C W – G = R + B = M W – B = R + G = Y: 

Michelson Interferometer with White Light Color Mixing: W = R + G + B W – R = G + B = C W – G = R + B = M W – B = R + G = Y

Slide41: 

Michelson Interferometer setup using White Light

Slide42: 

Michelson Interferometer with White Light Full motion of mirror for this video ~10 μ = 0.000,010m = 0.01 mm

Michelson Interferometer with White Light: 

Michelson Interferometer with White Light

Slide44: 

We are on the web at http://www.physics.umd.edu/lecdem/ Animated Gifs compliments of bellsnwhistles.com The End See you in January!