benefits of eating fv

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The Benefits of Eating Fruits and Vegetables

National 5 A Day for Better Health Program: 

National 5 A Day for Better Health Program Goal To increase consumption of fruits and vegetables to 5 to 9 servings daily Objectives To increase public awareness of the importance of eating 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables every day for better health To provide consumers specific information about how to include more servings of a colorful variety of fruits and vegetables into daily eating patterns

New National 5 A Day Partnership : 

New National 5 A Day Partnership

PBH 5 A Day Program Components : 

PBH 5 A Day Program Components Communications/Public Relations Nutrition Education Retail/Supermarkets Foodservice Work Sites Public Policy Research Catalog

Results of 5 A Day Campaigns1: 

Results of 5 A Day Campaigns1 Increased Awareness 66% aware of need to eat 5 A Day 44% of women, 22% of men aware Increased Consumption 3.9 servings; 29% eating 5 A Day in 1991 4.4 servings; 36% eating 5 A Day in 1996 4.3 servings; 35% eating 5 A Day in 2003 (40% of women, 29% of men) Only 13% of women & 4% of men are eating the recommended number of servings 1Source: NCI Omnibus Survey November 2003

Causes of Death -- 100 Years : 

Causes of Death -- 100 Years Sources: CDC, 1997; CDC, 2003  

Leading Causes of Death Today(Blue indicates diet as a leading risk factor): 

Leading Causes of Death Today (Blue indicates diet as a leading risk factor) 1. Heart Disease 700,142 2. Cancer 553,768 3. Stroke 163,538 4. Obstructive pulmonary disease 123,013 5. Unintentional injuries 101,537 6. Diabetes 71,372 7. Pneumonia and influenza 62,034 8. Alzheimer’s disease 53,825 9. Kidney diseases 39,480 10. Intentional self-harm (suicide) 30,622 Source: CDC, 2003

Leading Contributors to Premature Death - 2000: 

Leading Contributors to Premature Death - 2000 1. Diet/Physical Activity 400,000-500,000 2. Tobacco 435,000 3. Alcohol 85,000 4. Microbial Agents 75,000 5. Toxic Agents 55,000 6. Motor vehicles 43,000 7. Firearms 29,000 8. Sexual behaviors 20,000 9. Drug Use 17,000 Mokdad AH et al, JAMA 2004; 291:1238-1245

Cost of Diet-Related Diseases : 

Cost of Diet-Related Diseases 1. Cancer1 $171.6 Billion 2. Coronary heart disease2 $133.2 Billion 3. Obesity3 $ 117 Billion 4. Diabetes4 $ 132 Billion 5. Stroke2 $ 53.6 Billion 6. Hypertension2 $ 55.5 Billion 7. Osteoporosis5 $ 17.1 Billion TOTAL $ 680 Billion Sources: 1American Cancer Society, 2003 2 American Heart Association 2004 Heart Disease & Stroke Statistical Update 3National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2003 4Brandle M et al. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:2300-2304 5National Osteoporosis Foundation Disease Statistics, 2/2003  

State and Federal Government Spending; Per Person, Per Year: 

State and Federal Government Spending; Per Person, Per Year Preventive measures $1.21 Source: CDC, 1999

Factors Influencing Gain in Life Expectancy: 1900-1999: 

Factors Influencing Gain in Life Expectancy: 1900-1999 Public Health and Preventive Measures 83.4% Curative Measures 16.6% Source: CDC, 1999

Food Guide Pyramid: 

Food Guide Pyramid 2 to 4 servings of fruit 3 to 5 servings of vegetables

Health Benefits: 

Health Benefits

Marketing Dollars: 

Marketing Dollars

Advertising/Marketing Expenditures: 

Advertising/Marketing Expenditures PepsiCo $2,210,000,000 McDonald’s $1,195,000,000 Coca-Cola Company $903,000,000 General Mills $884,000,000 Kellogg Company $422,000,000 Hershey Foods Corp. $366,000,000 CDC’s Division of Nutr & Phys. Act. $27,000,000 PBH + NCI Communications Budget $5,000,000 Source: Advertising Age, June 24, 2002

Dietary Guidelines -- 1995 vs 1980: 

Dietary Guidelines -- 1995 vs 1980 Eat a Variety of Foods Balance the food you eat with physical activity -- maintain or improve your weight [Maintain Ideal Weight] Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol [Avoid too much fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol] (Info. in brackets represents 1980 Dietary Guidelines)

Dietary Guidelines -- 1995 vs 1980: 

Dietary Guidelines -- 1995 vs 1980 Choose a diet with plenty of grain products, vegetables, and fruits [Eat foods with adequate starch and fiber] Choose a diet moderate in sugars [Avoid too much sugar] Choose a diet moderate in salt and sodium [Avoid too much sodium] If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation

2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 

2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Aim for Fitness Aim for a healthy weight Be physically active each day Build a Healthy Base Let the Pyramid guide your food choices Choose a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily Keep food safe to eat

2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: 

Choose Sensibly Choose a diet that is low in saturated fat and cholesterol and moderate in total fat. Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars. Choose and prepare foods with less salt. If you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation. 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Healthy People 2010 Fruit & Vegetable Objectives: 

Healthy People 2010 Fruit & Vegetable Objectives Increase from 28% to 74% the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least two daily servings of fruit Increase from 3% to 50% the proportion of persons aged 2 years and older who consume at least three daily servings of vegetables, with at least one third being dark green or deep yellow vegetables

Fruit and Vegetable Servings – NHANES, 1999-2000: 

Fruit and Vegetable Servings – NHANES, 1999-2000

Fruit and Vegetable Intakes in Children—Cause for Concern: 

Fruit and Vegetable Intakes in Children—Cause for Concern Data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) showed that: On any given day, ~25% of infants and toddlers are not eating fruits and ~25% are not eating vegetables 40% to 50% of toddlers had no fruit at breakfast; ~ 50% had none at lunch; ~ 60% had none at dinner More than 50% of toddlers had no vegetables for lunch, and more than 30% had none for dinner Vegetables were rarely included for snack occasions or breakfast

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Source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NCHS, CDC. Fruits and Vegetables: Average Number of Daily Servings by Race: 1999-2000

Recommended Number of ServingsUSDA, Center for Nutrition Policy & Promotion: 

Recommended Number of Servings USDA, Center for Nutrition Policy & Promotion 1600 Kcal 2200 Kcal 2800 Kcal Vegetable Group 3 4 5 Fruit Group 2 3 4 TOTAL 5 7 9

Fruits and Vegetables Play Preventative Roles In … : 

Fruits and Vegetables Play Preventative Roles In … Cancer Heart Disease Obesity Hypertension Bone Health Eye Diseases Stroke Neural Tube Defects Type 2 Diabetes Diverticulosis

Cancer: 

Cancer A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, along with weight control and exercise, may reduce cancer incidence by 30-40 percent1 Most is known about fruits and vegetables and cancer, esp. cancer of lung and stomach Evidence less strong but convincing for cancers of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, colon, and rectum 1World Cancer Research Fund, 1997

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): 

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Epidemiological evidence points to strong protective role of fruits and vegetables: 20-40% lower risk in groups with highest intakes1-3 Highest fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with a significantly decreased incidence of heart attacks in the Women’s Health Study, compared to women eating the fewest fruits and vegetables4 1Joshipura et al. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:1106-14 2Rissanen et al. J Nutr. 2003;133:199-204 3Steffen et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:383-390 4Liu et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:922-8

Obesity: 

Obesity Fruits and vegetables, because of their high water and fiber content, provide satiety on less calories than more energy-dense foods. Several clinical studies show that people eat less calories when consuming more foods low in energy density, including more fruits and vegetables. Several studies have found that substituting 5 to 9 fruits and vegetables each day for foods higher in energy density can help with weight control1. Rolls BJ et al. Nutr Rev 2004; 62:1-17

Hypertension: 

Hypertension A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, combined with low-fat dairy foods and reduced saturated fat and total fat, reduces blood pressure both in people with—and at risk for—hypertension1-3. Increasing dietary potassium (found in many fruits and vegetables) may reduce blood pressure & stroke risk4-5. 1Appel et al. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1117-1124 2Sacks et al. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:3-10 3Appel et al. JAMA 2003; 289:2083-2093 4Ascherio et al. Circulation 1998; 98:1198-1204 5Fang et al. Stroke 2000; 31:1532-1537

Bone Health: 

Bone Health Dietary patterns high in fruits and vegetables were associated with higher BMD in men and women1 Greater intakes of fruit and vegetables were associated with a reduced rate of decline in bone mineral density (BMD) in the Framingham Heart Study2 Fruit and vegetable intakes were found to be independent predictors of bone size in girls ages 8-13 years3 1Tucker et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:245-252 2Tucker et al. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:727-736 3Tylavsky et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2004 Feb;79(2):311-7

Eye Diseases - Cataracts, Age-relatedMacular Degeneration (AMD): 

Eye Diseases - Cataracts, Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) The Eye Disease Case Control Study found that individuals in the highest quintile of carotenoid intake had a 43% lower risk for AMD compared to those in the lowest quintile1 Average levels of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eyes of AMD patients were 32% lower than in the eyes of a normal (control) group2 A recent study has shown a 36% decreased risk of developing AMD in people who eat 3 or more servings of fruit a day3 Seddon et al. JAMA 1994; 272:1413-1420 Bernstein et al. Opthalmology 2002; 109:1778-1787 Cho et al. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122(6):883-892

Stroke: 

Stroke A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce risk of stroke by about 30 percent1 Comparison of persons in the highest to lowest intake of fruits found a 40% reduction in stroke risk in persons eating the most fruit2 Fruits and vegetables help control high blood pressure, a known risk factor for stroke3 1Joshipura et al. JAMA 1999; 282:1233-1239 2Johnsen et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 57-64 3Appel et al. JAMA 2003; 289:2083-2093

Neural Tube Defects (NTD’s): 

Neural Tube Defects (NTD’s) Studies indicate that the risk for NTD’s could be reduced by 72% - 79% if women consumed the recommended intakes of folic acid before they conceive1-4 Eating fruits and vegetables rich in folic acid, along with fortified grains can play a vital role in meeting folic acid requirements Examples include: citrus fruits, leafy greens and legumes 1MRC Vitamin Research Group. Lancet 1991; 338:131-137 2Berry et al. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:1485-1490 3Milunsky et al. JAMA 1989; 262:2847-2852 4Moore et al. Epidemiol 2003; 14:200-205

Type 2 Diabetes: 

Type 2 Diabetes A diet rich in fruits and vegetables provides nutrients that may help reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes and its complications, such as heart disease, stroke, and eye diseases1-2 1Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation, 2003. WHO Technical Report Series 916 2Ford ES et al. Prev Med 2001; 32:33-39

Diverticulosis: 

Diverticulosis A common intestinal problem, especially in older persons, which may be worsened by a lack of dietary fiber Fruits and vegetables provide fiber—specifically insoluble fiber—that helps reduce the risk of diverticulosis1 1Aldoori WH et al. J Nutr. 1998; 128:714-719

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Eat Your Colors Every Day To Stay Healthy and Fit!

Slide37: 

*Diets rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of some types of cancer and other chronic diseases.

What is a Serving?: 

1 medium-sized fruit ½ cup raw, cooked, frozen, or canned fruits (in 100% juice) or vegetables ¾ cup (6 oz.) of 100% fruit or vegetable juice ½ cup cooked, canned, or frozen legumes (beans and peas) 1 cup raw, leafy vegetables ¼ cup dried fruit What is a Serving?

www.5aday.org website: 

www.5aday.org website Nutrition Education Information/Materials Fruit and Vegetable Research Summaries Public Policy Efforts Event News Online Newsletter Press Releases Recipes Links to Other Health/Nutrition Websites Downloadable Photos and Graphics

5 A Day Catalog: 

5 A Day Catalog Educational Materials Brochures Posters Cookbooks 5 A Day Merchandise Signage Clothing To order: call 1-888-391-2100 or www.shop5aday.org

Examples of 5 A Day Catalog items: 

Examples of 5 A Day Catalog items

Aboutproduce.com website: 

Aboutproduce.com website A consumer website that offers Recipes Definition of terms Handling & storage information Seasonality information Tips and trivia

How to Reach Us: 

How to Reach Us Produce for Better Health Foundation 5341 Limestone Road Wilmington, DE 19808 phone (302) 235-2329 fax (302) 235-5555 www.5aday.org

Important to Know—Essential to Do: 

Important to Know—Essential to Do Eat 5 to 9 daily servings of fruits and vegetables every day for better health!