Pregnancy

Hydralazine, Halothane, and Debrisoquine as Toxic Substances : 

Hydralazine, Halothane, and Debrisoquine as Toxic Substances Melanie R. McReynolds Molecular Toxicology BI 581 Dr. Rajanna April 21, 2010

Introduction : 

Introduction Mostly all humans and domestic animals are exposed to drugs. Drugs are chemical formulations that will have an effect on biological activity. Although drugs are supposed to help relieve us from pain and diseases, they also may be toxic within our systems.

Different Type of Drug Toxicities : 

Different Type of Drug Toxicities Adverse effects: usually occur during therapeutic usage, while acute toxicity is when it’s an over dosage Idiosyncratic reaction: is when the drug causes an allergic reaction during therapeutic usage Interaction occurs: when other drugs, that are taken concurrently, interfere with the drug being taken at that time habitual abuses: lead to chronic toxicity

Hydralazine : 

Hydralazine It is basically a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to treat hypertension by acting as a vasodilator primarily in arteries and arterioles It causes a syndrome which is known as Lupus erythematosus Lupus erythematosus is very similar to rheumatoid arthritis. This drug was first introduced in the 1950s.

The structural formula for Hydralazine : 

The structural formula for Hydralazine

Halothane : 

Halothane Halothane vapor is an inhalational general anesthetic. Halothane is a good example of an adverse drug effect, idiosyncratic reaction, which is very rare and afforded by the widely used anesthetic halothane. This drug immunological toxicity is more severe than Hydralazine. It causes serious liver damage in some of the patients who are exposed to the drug

The structural formula for Halothane : 

The structural formula for Halothane

Debrisoquine : 

Debrisoquine This drug is a derivative of guanidine. Debrisoquine is a little used antihypertensive drug which was found to show marked individual variation When the normal recommended therapeutic dose is given, this drug may cause an exaggerated pharmacological effect, namely an excessive fall in blood pressure in a few individuals who have a particular genetic predisposition. 5-10% of the white population of Europe and North America has the genetic predisposition, which causes them to be poor metabolizers of Debrisoquine

The structural formula for Debrisoquine : 

The structural formula for Debrisoquine

Conclusion : 

Conclusion Most human beings and indeed many other animals are exposed to drugs sooner or later in their lives However, drugs are substances designed to have biological activity and although the average person expects them to be perfectly safe, indeed they are always not.

Conclusion : 

Conclusion There are no safe drugs, only safe ways of using them Doctors put drugs of which they know little, into our bodies of which they know less, to cure disease of which they know nothing at all