LisaBotnen

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The Plains CO2 Reduction (PCOR) Partnership MASDA Roundtable Madison, Wisconsin March 22, 2006 By Lisa S. Botnen

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Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships

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Phase I Gauge public understanding Develop database for: - Sources - Sinks - Separation and transportation options - Regulatory and permitting requirements - Environmental benefits and risks Identify sequestration opportunities Conduct public outreach campaign Develop action plan for Phase II (field validation tests) PCOR Partnership

How Does the PCOR Partnership Add Value?: 

How Does the PCOR Partnership Add Value? We provide technical solutions to current and future carbon management issues. We provide the technical and economic foundation needed to monetize carbon credits. A market-based approach. Looking for economic opportunities for our region.

Technology Deployment: 

Technology Deployment Measurement, monitoring, and verification (MM&V) are required to limit risks of CO2 sequestration. Capture and separation Transportation Injection Long-term storage

Technology Deployment (cont.): 

Technology Deployment (cont.) Implementation of MM&V serves several purposes. Market Assurance Protect worker health and safety Ensure ecological and environmental safety Verify safe and effective storage Track plume migration Provide early warning for failure Confirm model predictions

Outreach Tools from Phase I: 

Outreach Tools from Phase I Fact sheets and newspaper articles Public Web site “Nature in the Balance – CO2 Sequestration” 30-minute public television broadcast (DVD available) Resource package for teachers PCOR Partnership Regional Sequestration Atlas

“Nature in the Balance – CO2 Sequestration”: 

“Nature in the Balance – CO2 Sequestration” “Nature in the Balance – CO2 Sequestration” is a 30-minute show produced for general audiences with Prairie Public Television on CO2 sequestration, NETL’s Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership program, and PCOR Partnership region activities. Interviews, locations, scripting, editing, animation, reviews (spring 2004 – spring 2005) Focus groups (April 2005); Topical Report on focus group results (June 2005) Two broadcasts on Prairie Public Television (May 2005) 300 DVDs distributed (summer – fall 2005) Feeds to other PCOR Partnership region public television markets (picked up by 50 public TV markets nationally)

Phase I Regional Characterization: 

Phase I Regional Characterization Define required data Collect and organize data Develop data management system Goal: Characterize the partnership region with respect to sources, sinks, and infrastructure in order to determine major opportunities for sequestration in the region.

Define Data – Criteria: 

Define Data – Criteria Meets program goal – data are significant to assessing CO2 sequestration strategies. Important to our partners. Readily available.

Collect and Organize Data: 

Collect and Organize Data Sources Defined industries that have CO2 emissions Utilized public Web sites Depended on partners to supply data Calculated CO2 emissions Sinks Contacts with each state and provincial oil and gas- related agency Standardized data across states/provinces Acquired detailed reservoir data for numerous specific fields

Develop a Data Management System –The PCOR Partnership DSS: 

Develop a Data Management System – The PCOR Partnership DSS Goal: To provide the PCOR Partnership team with information management mechanisms that facilitate a comprehensive understanding of carbon sequestration, provide decision support in the evaluation of regional sequestration scenarios, and effectively transfer research results to the public and private sectors.

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The DSS – Iterative Approach

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The DSS - Iterative Approach (cont.) First Version Current Version Assisted in identifying data gaps Helped to establish very preliminary potential opportunities

PCOR Partnership Decision Support System (DSS): 

PCOR Partnership Decision Support System (DSS)

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Education and Outreach

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Sedimentary Basins 440,828 square miles 32% of region Contain the primary, large-capacity sequestration targets. Opportunities for value- added sequestration. Include oil fields, coal seams and brine formations.

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Oil Fields 6000+ fields evaluated Fields in the Williston, Powder River, Denver–Julesberg and Alberta Basins were evaluated Used two methods: EOR and volumetric Using EOR approach: Evaluated ~ 160 fields. Sequestration capacity = 1 billion tons Incremental oil >3 billion bbls Volumetric approach: Thousands of fields, total capacity >10 billion tons. Estimates based on data provided by states and provinces.

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Coal Fields Evaluated Wyodak–Anderson, Ardley, and Fort Union coals. CO2 sequestration capacity estimated to date: >8 billion tons 17 Tcf of methane potential from ECBM in these seams. May be good near-term target for co-located coal-fired power plants. Estimates based on data provided by states, provinces, and USGS. Ardley estimates by Bachu, EUB. Other estimates by Nelson, EERC.

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Lower Cretaceous Brine Formation Evaluation Evaluated Lower Cretaceous system throughout the PCOR Partnership region. CO2 sequestration capacity estimated to date: >160 billion tons Estimates based on porosity, permeability, and water chemistry data available in the literature and provided by partners. Estimates represent an idealized potential capacity.

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Madison Brine Formation Evaluation Evaluated Mississippian system in North Dakota, Montana, Wyoming, and South Dakota CO2 sequestration capacity estimated to date: >60 billion tons No value-added component to brine formation sequestration. Co-located EOR and ECBM projects may provide necessary infrastructure. Market for geologic sequestration credits is essential.

Geologic Sequestration – Conceptual Results of Phase I: 

Geologic Sequestration – Conceptual Results of Phase I There is no such thing as a “regional” sink! The heterogeneity of geologic formations is too great. Detailed knowledge of geologic and hydrodynamic characteristics is required on a local scale before injection can more forward. Mineral rights/ownership of the pore space must be accounted for. The unitization of oil fields may provide a workable model for developing large-scale geologic sequestration projects.

Geologic Sequestration – Conceptual Results of Phase I: 

Geologic Sequestration – Conceptual Results of Phase I A common accounting framework is needed to monetize carbon credits for geological sequestration of CO2. Framework must be based on: Detailed characterization data. Sound engineering design. Equitable legal and regulatory process. Unitization process for oil fields may be suitable model for such a framework.

Geological Sequestration Unit: 

Geological Sequestration Unit May be established in oil and gas reservoirs, coal fields, and brine formations. Require documented understanding of geology and hydrodynamics, including robust predictive modeling of fluid migration. Adequate MMV plan must be in place. May vary in size from a few acres to several square miles. Unitized oil fields would likely be the first, as their established boundaries may be suitable for CO2 sequestration.

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Land Cover for the PCOR Partnership Region European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, 2003

Land Use: 

Land Use Source: Photo by Lynn Betts, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Source: Photo by Erwin Cole, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

Prairie Pothole Region: 

Prairie Pothole Region Source: Ducks Unlimited Source: www.personal.psu.edu/users/m/e/mes270/Pictures (accessed September 2005).

Semi-Quantitative Assessment of Terrestrial Sinks in the PCOR Region : 

Semi-Quantitative Assessment of Terrestrial Sinks in the PCOR Region

Agricultural Soil Carbon Sequestration – Hettinger Research Extension Center (HREC) Test Plot: 

Agricultural Soil Carbon Sequestration – Hettinger Research Extension Center (HREC) Test Plot

Agricultural Soil Carbon Sequestration – NDSU Soil Science : 

Agricultural Soil Carbon Sequestration – NDSU Soil Science

PCOR Partnership Phase I Lessons Learned: 

PCOR Partnership Phase I Lessons Learned Broad-based stakeholder involvement is critical to the development of CO2 sequestration at every stage. A market-based approach is helpful for developing a broad base of stakeholder involvement. Public outreach and education are very important.

PCOR Partnership Phase I Lessons Learned (cont.): 

PCOR Partnership Phase I Lessons Learned (cont.) There is no such thing as a regional CO2 sink. There is a lot of utility to the concept of a geologic sequestration unit (GSU). Enhanced resource recovery associated with CO2 sequestration is a very big opportunity for the PCOR Partnership region.

Identifying CO2 Sequestration Opportunities : 

Acid gas injection into a pinnacle reef system for EOR Injection into a deep carbonate system for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) Injection into a lignite seam for enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) Wetland terrestrial sequestration Identifying CO2 Sequestration Opportunities Partners

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Phase II Goals Increase public understanding of CO2 sequestration Perform field validation tests that develop: - MM&V protocols - Regional sequestration strategies - Best separation/source matches - Regulatory and permitting strategies - Environmental benefits and risks - Information needed to monetize C credits Continued regional characterization Regional partnership program integration PCOR Partnership

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Field Validation Sites Geologic Demonstrations G1 – Beaver Lodge, North Dakota. CO2 injection site for CO2 sequestration and EOR G2 – Zama, Alberta. Injection site of acid gas for CO2 sequestration and EOR G3 – Lignite coal in North Dakota. CO2 injected into an unminable lignite coal seam for CO2 sequestration and possible ECBM production Terrestrial Demonstration T1 – Wetland sites monitored to establish sequestration potential and MMV technologies

Terrestrial Sequestration: 

Terrestrial Sequestration Identify, develop, and apply alternate land use management practices to the Prairie Pothole Region Wetlands and grasslands EERC; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; Ducks Unlimited Canada (DUC); and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

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Terrestrial Field Validation Sites in the Prairie Pothole Region

Carbon Sequestration Potential for Counties and Rural Municipalities in the PCOR Partnership’s Prairie Pothole Region Based on Wetland Restoration  : 

Carbon Sequestration Potential for Counties and Rural Municipalities in the PCOR Partnership’s Prairie Pothole Region Based on Wetland Restoration (Gleason et. al., 2005) Gleason et. al., 2005

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Terrestrial Field Validation Test Goal Develop a market-based carbon sequestration strategy for wetland/grassland complexes. CO2 CO2 CO2 Carbon Credits

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Terrestrial Field Validation Test Objectives Characterize field sites Site development and management Carbon sequestration MM&V Development of carbon offset protocols and standards Economic analysis

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Carbon measurement, monitoring, and verification (MM&V) Initial carbon levels Carbon sequestration rate Development of protocols Comparisons with other sites Monitor gas emissions Terrestrial Field Validation Test Objectives (cont.)

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Development of carbon offset protocols and standards Technical Legal Financial Develop carbon credits/offsets for industry Terrestrial Field Validation Test Objectives (cont.)

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Field Validation Test Objectives (cont.) Economic Analysis Quantify costs with respect to carbon credit value (cost-benefit analysis) Short and long term (commodity price impacts) Review indirect benefits Water quality Erosion control Flood buffering Recreational and wildlife benefits

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Additional Tasks Public Outreach and Education Videos produced by PPTV Fact sheets Public outreach plans Database enhancement GIS and modeling efforts (map products)

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Ed Steadman (701) 777-5279 esteadman@undeerc.org Lisa Botnen (701) 777-5144 lbotnen@undeerc.org