11 Renewable Energy Grubinger

Christo

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Slide1:

Climate Change, Agriculture, and Renewable Energy Real life examples Vern Grubinger vernon.grubinger@uvm.edu

Slide2:

Climate Change Getting it on the program...

Slide3:

PROFITABILITY PEAK OIL CLIMATE CHANGE RENEWABLE ENERGY

On-Farm Renewable Energy Considerations:

On-Farm Renewable Energy Considerations Cost of energy; cost of system; payback Availability and sustainability of source Fossil fuel ratio Greenhouse gas emissions Personal, business, and community context

Slide6:

- Jock Gill, N ew England Grass Pellet Collaborative, Dec. 2005

Slide7:

Legume N instead of fertilizer N A broader view of ‘renewable energy’…

Slide8:

Bio-fuels for heating

Slide9:

Outdoor wood furnace for heat

Outdoor wood furnace background:

Outdoor wood furnace background $8K furnace + $20K for system Heats 4 GHs, house, barn, garage 50 cords replaces 3,500 gal heating oil being a logger helps!

Outdoor wood furnace data:

Outdoor wood furnace data Btu usage = 2.4:1 wood:oil Fossil fuel used = 1:23.3 wood:oil (based on 3 gal gas per cord of wood) GHG (lb CO2-e) = 3,000:70,000 wood:oil (using 20 lb CO2 per gallon oil or gas) Cost of fuel = $2,500 wood, $8,750 oil (based on $50 cord, $2.50 gallon oil)

Slide15:

Waste vegetable oil for fuel

Slide16:

GH heated with waste vegetable oil

Waste vegetable oil background:

Waste vegetable oil background $5,500 furnace plus system x 3 GH Replaces 3,000 gal heating oil Waste oil supply limited Collection, handling can be an issue

Waste vegetable oil data:

Waste vegetable oil data Fossil fuel ratio 100:1? oil: waste oil 3,000 gal heating oil = 30 ton CO2e $1,800/yr extra cost saves $7,500 (10 yrs) Payback ~ 3 yrs @ $2.50 heating oil

Slide19:

Making biodiesel on the farm

Biodiesel from waste oil:

Biodiesel from waste oil No new furnaces; low cost system Heats 6 GHs, runs tractors, vehicles Replaces 2,000 gal heating oil for $.60/gal Availability, collection, PLUS processing (and some danger during biodiesel reaction)

Slide22:

Canola seed pods On-farm production of oil seed and sugar crops for biodiesel feedstock

Slide24:

Farm-grown canola seed

Slide25:

Processing sugar crops on the farm

Slide26:

Making alcohol on the farm

Slide27:

On-farm biodiesel facility

Slide28:

http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html

Slide29:

Grass pellets look promising

Slide30:

switchgrass overwintered reed canarygrass abandoned field: goldenrod and weeds perennial grasses

Slide31:

http://grassbioenergy.org/

Slide32:

Haying equipment is just part of the process…

Slide33:

Energy from manure

Slide35:

Manure separator

Slide36:

Liquid manure in digester for 21 days

Slide39:

Separated solids as bedding saves $55,000 in annual sawdust cost

Plug flow digester background:

Plug flow digester background $1.2 million for system Processes manure from ~1200 cows (as part of nutrient management plan) Provides electricity and heat for farm Provides income from sale of electricity (95% of locational marginal cost + $.04/kwh)

Plug flow digester data:

Plug flow digester data Electricity produced: 1,223,600 KWh (’05) Heat exchanger produces hot water ($10,000 – $15,000 energy offset annually) GHG = 2,000-3,000 tons CO2-e avoided/yr Payback ~ 7 years

Slide45:

On-farm wind power

Wind:

Wind Location, location, location Net metering critical to most systems Maintenance, tech support Small- vs. mid- vs. commercial-scale

Wind data from Butterworks:

Wind data from Butterworks Bought $32 K used system; cost $102K 35 kW generator ~3,500 kWh/mo. winter (60% farm’s electricity, 15% in summer) ~26,250 KWh = 90 mil Btu = 650 gal oil = 13,000 lb CO2e/yr avoided