industrialisation

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The Family and Industrialisation: 

The Family and Industrialisation

What is industrialisation?: 

What is industrialisation? Major Social Change in society Economic growth via mechanisation Move from agricultural production to factory production New division of labour: owners and workers Urbanisation

Impact on the family?: 

Impact on the family? Shift from the extended family to the isolated nuclear family as ‘best fit’

What do functionalists say?: 

What do functionalists say? Stress relationship between institutions. Change in the economy will bring about change in other institutions – family. During industrialisation the family adapted to change in society. The nuclear family developed as a result of industrialisation.

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit: 

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit Societies change via a process of structural differentiation In pre-modern (simple) societies each institution performs several functions As society develops these become separated out into different institutions

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit: 

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit Pre-modern Pre-industrial Family has function of care, work, socialisation, health and education Feudal Modern Industrial Society Family has the function of socialisation Capitalism

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit: 

Talcott Parsons: a theory of fit The family during industrialisation became reduced in size The nuclear family became the norm It is based upon conjugal relationships Less emphasis is placed on wider kin It is geographically mobile

Criticisms from Social Historians: 

Criticisms from Social Historians Anderson Studied the 1851 Census in Preston. Found evidence for extended family networks among a ¼ of households. Why? Hardship, uncertainty.

Laslett and Wall: 

Laslett and Wall Studied parish registers in the 17th Century. Pre-industrial families were more likely to be nuclear families due to short life expectancy. Average size of the family stayed constant over the period of industrialisation – 4.75 persons.

Laslett and Wall: 

Laslett and Wall Why? Did sociologists include non-family members of households in calculations? The size of households decreased but not the average size of the family.