Children of the holocaust

Children of the holocaust : 

Children of the holocaust Forget-Me-Not

Nazi View on Children : 

Nazi View on Children Children were especially vulnerable in the era of the Holocaust. The Nazis advocated killing children of “unwanted” or “dangerous” groups in accordance with their ideological views, either as part of the “racial struggle” or as a measure of preventative security. The Germans and their collaborators killed children both for these ideological reasons and in retaliation for real or alleged partisan attacks.

What happened to the Kids : 

What happened to the Kids 1) children killed when they arrived in killing centers 2) children killed immediately after birth or in institutions 3) children born in ghettos and camps who survived because prisoners hid them 4) children, usually over age 12, who were used as laborers and as subjects of medical experiments 5) those children killed during reprisal operations or so-called anti-partisan operations.

Meet the Children : 

Meet the Children The following are two biographies of children one would survived and the other perish in the Holocaust.

Lilly Klein : 

Lilly Klein Born September 29, 1927 in Mateszalka, Hungary Lilly, the daughter of Sara and Sandor Klein, lived with her mother and seven siblings, in the city of Debrecen, Hungary. When the Germans invaded Hungary in March 1944, Lilly was a seventeen year-old student. Hungary was a staunch ally of Nazi Germany. As such, the Germans did not, at first, invade the country, but urged the government to deport its Jews to concentration camps. The Hungarian government was not willing to send its Jewish citizens to their deaths, but did pass many discriminatory laws against them. Young men were sent to forced labor camps. Lilly was able to continue her studies at the local Jewish high school until her seventeenth year. By 1943, the Hungarian government realized that their German ally was losing the war. Hungary, therefore, tried to break its alliance with Germany. In a fit of rage, Hitler ordered his armies into Hungary. In 1944, German troops occupied the entire country, and with the help of Hungarian collaborators, began deporting local Jews to concentration camps. Lilly and her family were rounded up and herded into a sealed-off ghetto where they were kept for two months. The Germans began sending the Jewish residents of Debrecen to the Auschwitz death camp. Towards the end of June, Lilly was put on a train going to Auschwitz. The train could not get through, because the tracks had been bombed in allied air raids. The train was instead diverted to the Strasshoff concentration camp in Austria. There, Lilly was forced to work to the point of total exhaustion. Food was scarce, and those who couldn't work were murdered. When the camp was liberated in April 1945, eighteen year-old Lilly was barely alive. One and a half million Jewish children were murdered by the Germans and their collaborators during the Holocaust. Lilly was one of the few to survive.

: 

The son of Cracow residents Rose and David Honig, Bronislaw was four years old when the Germans invaded Poland in 1939. He usually spent his days at home with his grandmother while his father worked in a hardware store and his mother made dresses. The Honig family was immersed in Jewish cultural life before the Nazis came to power. Cracow was a thriving industrial city with over 60,000 Jewish citizens. Bronislaw was a well-mannered, handsome little boy who did well in school and had many playmates. Bronislaw and his family were forced to live in the Cracow ghetto beginning in the spring of 1941. Many people died of starvation, disease and exposure, but Bronislaw managed to survive. His parents were completely impoverished, but miraculously remained healthy and strong. In January of 1943, Bronislaw's mother and father were sent to the Plaszow forced labor camp. They secretly arranged for their son to stay with a Jewish police officer. David Honig was working in a warehouse right outside the borders of the camp, so he was able to receive a message from the policeman that the Cracow ghetto was about to be emptied of all inhabitants. This meant that Bronilaw would most likely be sent to a death camp. So his father snuck out of the Plaszow camp and entered the ghetto at night. He hid seven-year old Bronislaw in a suitcase, piled atop with old clothes on a cart. David Honig kept his son in Plaszow with him until another child was discovered in the camp and shot by the Nazis. Fearing for Bronislaw's life, his father released him to a young Christian woman who also worked in the warehouse. She was willing to help, but unfortunately her family was not so sympathetic. Although the woman successfully smuggled Bronislaw out of the camp in a backpack, her stepfather betrayed her. When he found out she was harboring a Jewish boy, he reported her to the German police. They shot and killed the young woman and Bronislaw who was only seven years old at the time of his death. Bronislaw Honig

A Fate worse than DEATH ? : 

A Fate worse than DEATH ?

Many were used for experiments : 

Many were used for experiments

Medical Experiments : 

Medical Experiments Bullenhuser Dam was where Jewish Children were brought to have diseases tested on them.

Neuengamme Concentration Camp : 

Neuengamme Concentration Camp The Bullenhuser Dam was one part of the camp which conducted experiments on children. Medical experiments with tuberculosis bacteria were conducted on inmates of Neuengamme Concentration Camp by the SS doctor Dr. Kurt Heißmeyer. In November 1944 he had twenty Jewish children, ten girls and ten boys, brought from Auschwitz Concentration Camp to Neuengamme Concentration Camp for this purpose.

The End of Neuengamme : 

The End of Neuengamme The children were in the care of four prisoners, two French doctors Professor René Quenouille and Gabriel Florence, and two Dutch male nurses Anton Hölzel and Dirk Deutekom. Shortly before the end of the war the SS attempted to conceal the crime. They took the children with their four attendants to a school building in the war devastated district of Rothenburgsort that had, from October 1944, been used as an annexed to the Neuengamme Concentration Camp. It was here that they murdered them. On the 20th April 1945, the children were anaesthetized, and hanged, in the cellar of the school. Two of the twenty Jewish children used for medical experiments

These are the names of the child victims : 

These are the names of the child victims These are the names of the child victims:Girls:Altmann, 5 years old, Polish.Lelka Birnbaum, 12 years old, Polish.Goldinger, 11 years old, Polish.Riwka Herszberg, 7 years old, Polish.L. Klygermann, 8 years old, Polish.Mekler, 11 years old, Polish.Jacqueline Morgenstern, 12 years old, French.H. Wassermann, 8 years old, Polish.Witónska, 5 years old, Polish.Rachela Zylberberg, 10 years old, Polish. Boys:Sergio Desimone, 7 years old, Italian.Desmonie, 7 years old, Polish.Alexander Hornemann, 8 years old, Dutch.Eduard Hornemann, 12 years old, Dutch.James, 6 years old, Polish.Junglieb, 12 years old, Yugoslavian.Georges André Kohn, 12 years old, French.Reichenbaum, 10 years old, Polish.Marek Steinbaum, 10 years old, Polish.R. Zeller, 12 years old, Polish.

For those who lived : 

For those who lived Pictures like these were published in Newspaper to try and reunited children with their families.

New Homes? : 

New Homes? For the survivors, returning to life as it had been before the Holocaust was impossible. Jewish communities no longer existed in much of Europe. When people tried to return to their homes from camps or hiding places, they found that, in many cases, their homes had been looted or taken over by others.

Where to go? : 

Where to go? Many survivors ended up in displaced persons' (DP) camps set up in western Europe under Allied military occupation at the sites of former concentration camps . There they waited to be admitted to places like the United States, South Africa, or Palestine. At first, many countries continued their old immigration policies, which greatly limited the number of refugees they would accept. The British government, which controlled Palestine, refused to let large numbers of Jews in. Many Jews tried to enter Palestine without legal papers, and when caught some were held in camps on the island of Cyprus, while others were deported back to Germany. Great Britain's scandalous treatment of Jewish refugees added to international pressures for a homeland for the Jewish people. Finally, the United Nations voted to divide Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state. Early in 1948, the British began withdrawing from Palestine.

Displaced Persons : 

Displaced Persons Jewish displaced persons put up signs demanding open immigration into Palestine. Feldafing displaced persons camp, Germany, after May 1945

Displaced Children : 

Displaced Children 2-14-1948- These displaced 4-year old Jewish refugees from Europe, were bound for Palestine (on board the Exodus)

Bibliography : 

Bibliography Most of all information was taken from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum http://www.ushmm.org Pictures were taken from the USHMM, Barbay Live (mensa-barbie.blogspot.com) and israelvets.com