september99

Paduain the Exploration of the Universe: 

Padua in the Exploration of the Universe Cesare Barbieri Department of Astronomy University of Padua 23 September 1999 Conference held on the occasion of the 31-st Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society

Introduction: 

Introduction The aim of this conference is to provide a short history of the astronomical studies in Padua, and a brief (and necessarily incomplete) account of the present situation and foreseeable developments. I wish to thank the many colleagues who helped with the documentation. Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Index: 

Index A brief history up to 1950 The modern epoch: Giuseppe Colombo, Leonida Rosino , Nicolo’ Dallaporta Italy joins ESA and ESO Observations, theories, space missions Cerenkov light, gravitational waves A panoramic on the future Conclusions To know more Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Padua:: 

Padua: City University, Astronomical Observatory, Research Institutes Accademia de’ Ricovrati (1599)  Accademia Galileiana Patavina di Scienze Lettere e Arti Bishops, Colleges …... Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 1: 

A Brief History - 1 Pietro d’Abano (c. 1250 - c.1315) teaching of the ptolemaic system Giovanni Dondi dall’Orologio (1318 - 1389) the astrarium: a mechanical model of the ptolemaic system Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 2 Galileo Galilei in Padua (1592 - 1610): 

A Brief History - 2 Galileo Galilei in Padua (1592 - 1610) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 3: 

A Brief History - 3 L’Accademia de’ Ricovrati (1599) (Accademia Galileiana Patavina di Scienze Lettere e Arti) Geminiano Montanari (1633 - 1687) Comet Halley St. Gregorio Barbarigo (1625 - 1697) the professors the Specola of the Seminario the printing house the laboratory of physics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 4: 

A Brief History - 4 Giuseppe Toaldo (1719 -1797) the Specola (decree of the Republic of Venice, 1761), meteorology, (extra-solar planets) Giovanni Santini (1787 - 1877) cometary orbits, Cataloghi Padovani of stellar positions, Lezioni of Astronomy and Optics Giuseppe Lorenzoni (1843 - 1914) astronomical photometry and spectroscopy, geodesy Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Specola of Padua (1767): 

The Specola of Padua (1767) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 5 The Mathematicians: 

A Brief History - 5 The Mathematicians Gregorio Ricci Curbastro (1853 - 1925) Tullio Levi Civita (1873 - 1941) Tensor Calculus and General Relativity Mechanics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 6 Bruno Rossi (1905 - 1993)Antonio Rostagni (1904-1988): 

A Brief History - 6 Bruno Rossi (1905 - 1993) Antonio Rostagni (1904-1988) The Institute of Physics (1938) The East - West asymmetry of cosmic rays Cosmic rays observations using balloons Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 7Giovanni Silva (1882 - 1957)The Astrophysical Observatory of Asiago (1942): 

A Brief History - 7 Giovanni Silva (1882 - 1957) The Astrophysical Observatory of Asiago (1942) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

A Brief History - 8Geodetic Astronomy: 

A Brief History - 8 Geodetic Astronomy the polar motion and the International Latitude Service the contribution to the Carloforte station (founded in 1899): Ciscato, Bianchi Soler, Boaga, Tomelleri Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 E. Soler, Rector G. Ciscato

The Modern Epoch : 

The Modern Epoch Giuseppe Colombo Leonida Rosino Nicolo’ Dallaporta Italy joins the European Space Agency and the European Southern Observatory The space telescopes, the Center for Space Activities (CISAS) Cerenkov light and gravitational Waves Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Giuseppe Colombo(1920 - 1984): 

Giuseppe Colombo (1920 - 1984) Celestial Mechanics, rotation of Mercury, space navigation the GIOTTO mission and the InterAgency Consultative Group space geodesy Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Leonida Rosino (1915 - 1997): 

Leonida Rosino (1915 - 1997) The Schmidt telescopes and the Cima Ekar Observatory variable stars, Novae and Supernovae open and globular clusters diffuse and planetary nebulae the Corso di Laurea in Astronomy Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Nicolo’ Dallaporta: 

Nicolo’ Dallaporta Evolution of the Solar System, Stars and Galaxies General Relativity Theoretical Cosmology The Anthropic Principle Science, Metaphysics, Faith Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Telescopes and their Instrumentation, Observations, Theories and Models, Space Missions : 

Telescopes and their Instrumentation, Observations, Theories and Models, Space Missions Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Observing Station L. Rosino at Cima Ekar: 

The Observing Station L. Rosino at Cima Ekar Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The 3.5 m National Telescope Galileo (TNG): Active Optics: 

The 3.5 m National Telescope Galileo (TNG): Active Optics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The TNG - Adaptive Optics: 

The TNG - Adaptive Optics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Detectors, Instrumentation,Controls, Data Archives: 

Detectors, Instrumentation, Controls, Data Archives Image Intensifiers, photon counters, solid state devices, … OIG (the visual camera for the TNG), SARG (the high resolution spectrograph for the TNG) Data archives: Guide Star Catalogue II, ... Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 From the first CCD for the 182 cm (1984) to the OIG TNG (1998) SARG and a first comparison spectrum

Solar System - 1: 

Solar System - 1 Meteorites Lunar Sodium Asteroids and Comets Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Iron meteorite H2O+ in Kohoutek comet Acqueous Alteration in the spectra of asteroids

Solar System - 2: 

Solar System - 2 Sodium in the Giovian system and in comets Pluto Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Solar System - 3 Formation: 

Solar System - 3 Formation models of planetesimal accumulation and formation of planetary embryos in the terrestrial region Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Extra-solar Planets, Low Mass Stars: 

Extra-solar Planets, Low Mass Stars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Stellar Evolution - 1: 

Stellar Evolution - 1 The final destiny of stars depends on the initial mass of the central core Abscissa: central temperature Ordinate: density Supernovae Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Stellar Evolution - 2 Open Clusters: 

Stellar Evolution - 2 Open Clusters Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Evolution of the stars in an open cluster including the so-called overshooting process; the cluster turns out to be older than in previous theories.

Globular Clusters - 1: 

Globular Clusters - 1 NGC 6397: the cluster with the smallest distance modulus Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Globular Clusters - 2: 

Globular Clusters - 2 Pal 1: the youngest globular cluster in the Milky Way (about 8 billion years) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Globular Clusters - 3The Bulge-halo Connexion: 

Globular Clusters - 3 The Bulge-halo Connexion Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 An H-R diagram in the near IR of the galactic bulge, down to stars of mass 0.15 Mo

Planetary Nebulae: 

Planetary Nebulae Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 3D Tomography in different spectral lines H O III N II

Variable Stars: 

Variable Stars Flare stars, binaries Cataclismic variables, evolution and connexion with solar actvity Simbiotic stars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 M57 - TNG

Novae: 

Novae In the Milky Way In M31 and in M33 Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Novae as extra-galactic distance indicators: absolute magnitude as function of the decline rate. Dashed line: theoretical track as function of the mass of the White Dwarf.

Supernovae -1: 

Supernovae -1 Discovery and classification Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 SN 19991 - The discovery with OIG-TNG

Slide36: 

Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Supernovae - 2 Search of SNs Associated to Gamma Bursts Supernova 1998bw associated to the Gamma Burst GRB 980425 The discovery, the light curve, the spectum

Supernovae - 3 The High Redshift SNs: 

Supernovae - 3 The High Redshift SNs Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Relativistic Astrophysics - 1SS 433 Pulsar in the Crab: 

Relativistic Astrophysics - 1 SS 433 Pulsar in the Crab Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Relativistic Astrophysics - 2 The Structure of a Black Hole: 

Relativistic Astrophysics - 2 The Structure of a Black Hole Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Galaxies - 1: 

Galaxies - 1 Morphology, rotation curves, dark mass Theoretical models of elliptical galaxies Growth of the apparent dimensions of M87 from 1932 to 1969 thanks to the improvements in image acquisition and analysis Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Tidal Effect of a dark halo

Galaxies - 2 : 

Galaxies - 2 Elliptical galaxies: halos, anisotropies, triaxiality Counter-rotation between gas and stars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Stellar Populations in the Galaxies of the Local Group: 

Stellar Populations in the Galaxies of the Local Group Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Phoenix, a nearby galaxy resolved in stars: the blue ones are young stars overimposed to an older population

Theoretical Synthesis of Spectra of Normal Galaxies : 

Theoretical Synthesis of Spectra of Normal Galaxies Comparison between observations (upper lines) and theory (lower lines) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Active Galaxies: the Nuclear Region: 

Active Galaxies: the Nuclear Region ESO -NTT HST compact emission at 0”.3 Optical jet of the Radiogalaxy (also a BL Lac) Pks 0521-365 from ground and space a) jet plus galaxy b) only jet Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

NGC 6240: An Active Galaxy with Violent Star Formation : 

NGC 6240: An Active Galaxy with Violent Star Formation Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Two Clusters of Galaxies at an Intermediate Redshift: 

Two Clusters of Galaxies at an Intermediate Redshift Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Quasars: 

Quasars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 The Ly-alpha forest Optical variability of 3C 345 The luminosity function of bright QSOs

The Formation of Cosmic Structures: 

The Formation of Cosmic Structures Numerical Simulation of a large cluster of galaxies having a mass of 1015 Mo/H and a scale of 6 Megaparsec, made with a parallel supercomputer Cray T3E Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and the Hubble Constant H0: 

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and the Hubble Constant H0 Direct measurement of the distance scale in the Universe Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background in the Far InfraRed: 

Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background in the Far InfraRed The background radiation between 10 and 1000 micron is dominated by a population of galaxies strongly evolving with the cosmic time. Therefore the vision in the optical band of the primordial Universe is severely limited.

The European Giotto Mission  : 

The European Giotto Mission The Halley Multicolour Camera The nucleus of Halley’s comet Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The European Hipparcos Mission: Astrometry at the Milliarcsec level: 

The European Hipparcos Mission: Astrometry at the Milliarcsec level Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

UVCS on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory: 

UVCS on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

HASI: the Instrument for Titan’s Atmospheric Structure: 

HASI: the Instrument for Titan’s Atmospheric Structure In flight on the Huygens probe of the Cassini spacecraft toward Saturn and Titan Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Slide55: 

Cerenkov Light and Gravitational Waves Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Cosmic Rays, CLUE and future expansions Gravitational Waves

Projects for the Future : 

Projects for the Future Wide field prime focus for the telescopes VST, LBT and TNG The European missions Rosetta, Mars Express, FIRST/Planck Earth Surveys from space and (hopefully): astronomical instruments on the International Space Station Missions to Mars e Mercury The European Astrometry Mission Gaia Astrobiology The UltraLarge Telescopes Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Prime Focus for the Large Binocular Telescope: 

The Prime Focus for the Large Binocular Telescope Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The Near-IR Prime Focus of the TNG: 

The Near-IR Prime Focus of the TNG Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Spectral range from 1.0 to 2.5 micrometres with a HgCdTe sensor

The European Mission Rosetta : 

The European Mission Rosetta Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 (2003-2013)

The European Mission Mars Express (2003): 

The European Mission Mars Express (2003) The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) for the study of the atmosphere and of the soil of Mars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

The European MissionFIRST/Planck (2007): 

The European Mission FIRST/Planck (2007) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

GAIA - The Future Mission for Microarcsec Astrometry: 

GAIA - The Future Mission for Microarcsec Astrometry Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Public Outreach: 

Public Outreach Catch the Stars in the Net! www.pd.astro.it/stelle.html Voyage in the Cosmos (the exibition of 1997, in the Internet and a CD-Rom) Impacts (in the Internet since 1999) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Exhibitions: 

Exhibitions Halley and Giotto (1985 - 1986) From Galileo to GALILEO (1996) That Night on the Moon (1999) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

Conclusions: 

Conclusions High visibility in the world-wide community Possible future expansions: - the new frame of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - consolidation of the structure of Space Activities Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999

To Know More: 

To Know More www.pd.astro.it cisas.unipd.it www.dei.unipd.it www.infn.it Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999