Padua in the Exploration of the Universe : Padua in the Exploration of the Universe Cesare Barbieri
Department of Astronomy
University of Padua
23 September 1999
Conference held on the occasion of the 31-st Annual Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society
Introduction : Introduction The aim of this conference is to provide a short history of the astronomical studies in Padua, and a brief (and necessarily incomplete) account of the present situation and foreseeable developments. I wish to thank the many colleagues who helped with the documentation. Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Index : Index A brief history up to 1950
The modern epoch: Giuseppe Colombo, Leonida Rosino , Nicolo’ Dallaporta
Italy joins ESA and ESO
Observations, theories, space missions
Cerenkov light, gravitational waves
A panoramic on the future
Conclusions
To know more Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Padua: : Padua: City
University, Astronomical Observatory, Research Institutes
Accademia de’ Ricovrati (1599) Accademia Galileiana Patavina di Scienze Lettere e Arti
Bishops, Colleges
…... Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 1 : A Brief History - 1 Pietro d’Abano (c. 1250 - c.1315)
teaching of the ptolemaic system
Giovanni Dondi dall’Orologio
(1318 - 1389)
the astrarium: a mechanical model of the ptolemaic system Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 2 Galileo Galilei in Padua (1592 - 1610) : A Brief History - 2 Galileo Galilei in Padua (1592 - 1610) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 3 : A Brief History - 3 L’Accademia de’ Ricovrati (1599)
(Accademia Galileiana Patavina di Scienze Lettere e Arti)
Geminiano Montanari (1633 - 1687)
Comet Halley
St. Gregorio Barbarigo (1625 - 1697)
the professors
the Specola of the Seminario
the printing house
the laboratory of physics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 4 : A Brief History - 4 Giuseppe Toaldo (1719 -1797)
the Specola (decree of the Republic of Venice, 1761), meteorology, (extra-solar planets)
Giovanni Santini (1787 - 1877)
cometary orbits, Cataloghi Padovani of stellar positions, Lezioni of Astronomy and Optics
Giuseppe Lorenzoni (1843 - 1914)
astronomical photometry and spectroscopy, geodesy Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Specola of Padua (1767) : The Specola of Padua (1767) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 5 The Mathematicians : A Brief History - 5 The Mathematicians
Gregorio Ricci Curbastro (1853 - 1925)
Tullio Levi Civita (1873 - 1941)
Tensor Calculus and General Relativity
Mechanics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 6 Bruno Rossi (1905 - 1993) Antonio Rostagni (1904-1988) : A Brief History - 6 Bruno Rossi (1905 - 1993) Antonio Rostagni (1904-1988) The Institute of Physics (1938)
The East - West asymmetry of cosmic rays
Cosmic rays observations using balloons Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 7 Giovanni Silva (1882 - 1957) The Astrophysical Observatory of Asiago (1942) : A Brief History - 7 Giovanni Silva (1882 - 1957) The Astrophysical Observatory of Asiago (1942) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
A Brief History - 8 Geodetic Astronomy : A Brief History - 8 Geodetic Astronomy the polar motion and the International Latitude Service
the contribution to the Carloforte station (founded in 1899): Ciscato, Bianchi
Soler, Boaga, Tomelleri
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 E. Soler,
Rector G. Ciscato
The Modern Epoch : The Modern Epoch Giuseppe Colombo
Leonida Rosino
Nicolo’ Dallaporta
Italy joins the European Space Agency and the European Southern Observatory
The space telescopes, the Center for Space Activities (CISAS)
Cerenkov light and gravitational Waves Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Giuseppe Colombo (1920 - 1984) : Giuseppe Colombo (1920 - 1984) Celestial Mechanics, rotation of Mercury, space navigation
the GIOTTO mission and the InterAgency Consultative Group
space geodesy
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Leonida Rosino (1915 - 1997) : Leonida Rosino (1915 - 1997) The Schmidt telescopes and the Cima Ekar Observatory
variable stars, Novae and Supernovae
open and globular clusters
diffuse and planetary nebulae
the Corso di Laurea in Astronomy
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Nicolo’ Dallaporta : Nicolo’ Dallaporta Evolution of the Solar System, Stars and Galaxies
General Relativity
Theoretical Cosmology
The Anthropic Principle
Science, Metaphysics, Faith Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Telescopes and their Instrumentation, Observations, Theories and Models, Space Missions : Telescopes and their Instrumentation, Observations, Theories and Models, Space Missions Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Observing Station L. Rosino at Cima Ekar : The Observing Station L. Rosino at Cima Ekar Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The 3.5 m National Telescope Galileo (TNG): Active Optics : The 3.5 m National Telescope Galileo (TNG): Active Optics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The TNG - Adaptive Optics : The TNG - Adaptive Optics Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Detectors, Instrumentation, Controls, Data Archives : Detectors, Instrumentation, Controls, Data Archives Image Intensifiers, photon counters, solid state devices, …
OIG (the visual camera for the TNG), SARG (the high resolution spectrograph for the TNG)
Data archives: Guide Star Catalogue II, ... Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 From the first CCD for the 182
cm (1984) to the OIG TNG (1998) SARG and a first comparison spectrum
Solar System - 1 : Solar System - 1 Meteorites
Lunar Sodium
Asteroids and Comets
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Iron meteorite H2O+ in Kohoutek comet Acqueous Alteration
in the spectra of asteroids
Solar System - 2 : Solar System - 2 Sodium in the Giovian system and in comets
Pluto Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Solar System - 3 Formation : Solar System - 3 Formation models of planetesimal accumulation and
formation of planetary embryos in the terrestrial region Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Extra-solar Planets, Low Mass Stars : Extra-solar Planets, Low Mass Stars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Stellar Evolution - 1 : Stellar Evolution - 1 The final destiny of stars depends on the initial mass of the central core Abscissa: central temperature
Ordinate: density Supernovae Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Stellar Evolution - 2 Open Clusters : Stellar Evolution - 2 Open Clusters Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Evolution of the stars in an open
cluster including the so-called
overshooting process; the cluster turns
out to be older than in previous theories.
Globular Clusters - 1 : Globular Clusters - 1 NGC 6397: the cluster with the smallest distance modulus Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Globular Clusters - 2 : Globular Clusters - 2 Pal 1: the youngest globular cluster in the Milky Way (about 8 billion years) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Globular Clusters - 3 The Bulge-halo Connexion : Globular Clusters - 3 The Bulge-halo Connexion Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 An H-R diagram in the near IR of the galactic bulge,
down to stars of mass 0.15 Mo
Planetary Nebulae : Planetary Nebulae Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 3D Tomography in different spectral lines H O III N II
Variable Stars : Variable Stars Flare stars, binaries
Cataclismic variables, evolution and connexion with solar actvity
Simbiotic stars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 M57 - TNG
Novae : Novae In the Milky Way
In M31 and in M33 Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Novae as extra-galactic distance indicators: absolute magnitude as function of the decline rate.
Dashed line: theoretical track as
function of the mass of the White Dwarf.
Supernovae -1 : Supernovae -1 Discovery and classification
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 SN 19991 - The discovery
with OIG-TNG
Slide36 : Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Supernovae - 2
Search of SNs Associated to Gamma Bursts Supernova 1998bw associated to the Gamma Burst GRB 980425 The discovery, the light curve, the spectum
Supernovae - 3 The High Redshift SNs : Supernovae - 3 The High Redshift SNs Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Relativistic Astrophysics - 1 SS 433 Pulsar in the Crab : Relativistic Astrophysics - 1 SS 433 Pulsar in the Crab Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Relativistic Astrophysics - 2 The Structure of a Black Hole : Relativistic Astrophysics - 2 The Structure of a Black Hole Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Galaxies - 1 : Galaxies - 1 Morphology, rotation curves, dark mass
Theoretical models of elliptical galaxies Growth of the apparent dimensions of M87
from 1932 to 1969 thanks to the improvements
in image acquisition and analysis Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Tidal Effect
of a dark halo
Galaxies - 2 : Galaxies - 2
Elliptical galaxies: halos, anisotropies, triaxiality
Counter-rotation between gas and stars
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Stellar Populations in the Galaxies of the Local Group : Stellar Populations in the Galaxies of the Local Group Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Phoenix, a nearby galaxy resolved
in stars: the blue ones are young stars
overimposed to an older population
Theoretical Synthesis of Spectra of Normal Galaxies : Theoretical Synthesis of Spectra of Normal Galaxies Comparison between observations (upper lines) and theory (lower lines) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Active Galaxies: the Nuclear Region : Active Galaxies: the Nuclear Region ESO -NTT HST compact emission at 0”.3 Optical jet of the Radiogalaxy (also a BL Lac)
Pks 0521-365 from ground and space
a) jet plus galaxy
b) only jet Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
NGC 6240: An Active Galaxy with Violent Star Formation : NGC 6240: An Active Galaxy with Violent Star Formation Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Two Clusters of Galaxies at an Intermediate Redshift : Two Clusters of Galaxies at an Intermediate Redshift Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Quasars : Quasars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 The Ly-alpha forest Optical variability of 3C 345 The luminosity function
of bright QSOs
The Formation of Cosmic Structures : The Formation of Cosmic Structures Numerical Simulation of a large cluster of galaxies having a mass of 1015 Mo/H and a scale of 6 Megaparsec, made with a parallel supercomputer Cray T3E Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and the Hubble Constant H0 : The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect and the Hubble Constant H0 Direct measurement of the distance scale in the Universe Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background in the Far InfraRed : Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 The Spectrum of the Extragalactic Background in the Far InfraRed The background radiation between 10 and 1000 micron is dominated by a population of galaxies strongly evolving with the cosmic time. Therefore the vision in the optical band of the primordial Universe is severely limited.
The European Giotto Mission : The European Giotto Mission The Halley Multicolour Camera
The nucleus of Halley’s comet
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The European Hipparcos Mission: Astrometry at the Milliarcsec level : The European Hipparcos Mission: Astrometry at the Milliarcsec level Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
UVCS on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory : UVCS on the Solar Heliospheric Observatory Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
HASI: the Instrument for Titan’s Atmospheric Structure : HASI: the Instrument for Titan’s Atmospheric Structure In flight on the Huygens probe of the Cassini spacecraft toward Saturn and Titan Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Slide55 : Cerenkov Light and Gravitational Waves Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Cosmic Rays, CLUE and future expansions
Gravitational Waves
Projects for the Future : Projects for the Future Wide field prime focus for the telescopes VST, LBT and TNG
The European missions Rosetta, Mars Express, FIRST/Planck
Earth Surveys from space
and (hopefully):
astronomical instruments on the International Space Station
Missions to Mars e Mercury
The European Astrometry Mission Gaia
Astrobiology
The UltraLarge Telescopes
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Prime Focus for the Large Binocular Telescope : The Prime Focus for the Large Binocular Telescope Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The Near-IR Prime Focus of the TNG : The Near-IR Prime Focus of the TNG Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 Spectral range from 1.0 to 2.5 micrometres with a HgCdTe sensor
The European Mission Rosetta : The European Mission Rosetta Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999 (2003-2013)
The European Mission Mars Express (2003) : The European Mission Mars Express (2003) The Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS) for the study of the atmosphere and of the soil of Mars Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
The European Mission FIRST/Planck (2007) : The European Mission FIRST/Planck (2007) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
GAIA - The Future Mission for Microarcsec Astrometry : GAIA - The Future Mission for Microarcsec Astrometry Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Public Outreach : Public Outreach Catch the Stars in the Net!
www.pd.astro.it/stelle.html
Voyage in the Cosmos
(the exibition of 1997, in the Internet and a CD-Rom)
Impacts
(in the Internet since 1999) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Exhibitions : Exhibitions Halley and Giotto (1985 - 1986)
From Galileo to GALILEO (1996)
That Night on the Moon (1999) Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
Conclusions : Conclusions
High visibility in the world-wide community
Possible future expansions:
- the new frame of the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
- consolidation of the structure of Space Activities Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999
To Know More : To Know More www.pd.astro.it
cisas.unipd.it
www.dei.unipd.it
www.infn.it
Cesare Barbieri, 23 September 1999