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Birth of the Republican Party: 

Birth of the Republican Party

New Party Emerges: 

New Party Emerges Anti-slavery cause angry over Kansas-Nebraska Act Parties divide (Dem, Whig, Free-Soil) Former Whigs, Free-Soilers, and Democrats formed the Republican Party

Why “Republicans?”: 

Why “Republicans?” Name of Jefferson’s party “Spirit of the Revolution” Feared southern planter aristocracy controlling federal government

Decline of Whigs & Know-Nothings: 

Decline of Whigs & Know-Nothings Kansas-Nebraska Act splits Whigs and Know-Nothings into North and South Republican party absorbed northern Know-Nothings

Dred Scott Decision: 

Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott Slave in free territory Sued to end his slavery

The Ruling: 

The Ruling Chief Justice Roger B. Taney “Slaves are not citizens” No right to sue in court Kansas-Nebraska Act was unconstitutional – judicial review

Lincoln Makes His Name: 

Lincoln Makes His Name 1858 – Lincoln ran vs. Dem. Stephen A. Douglas (IL) Series of debates established Lincoln as man of clear, insightful thinking Not an abolitionist, but believed slavery to be morally wrong and not to be spread

Loses Election, Gains Fame: 

Loses Election, Gains Fame Lincoln loses election to popular sovereignty Stephen Douglas Makes a name for himself.

John Brown: 

John Brown Passionate abolitionist, “that God raised up to break the jaws of the wicked” Planned slave revolt in West Virginia

The Plan: 

The Plan Seize U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry Free and arm slaves of WV Start an insurrection against all southern slaveholders

Not to Plan: 

Not to Plan Brown and 18 others took the arsenal Encountered U.S. Marines outside the building, led by Robert E. Lee Arrested, tried, and executed Brown

Famous Last Words: 

Famous Last Words “I am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood. I had as I now think vainly flattered myself what without very much bloodshed it might be done.”

Execution of John Brown: 

Execution of John Brown

Northern/Southern Reaction: 

Northern/Southern Reaction N – Saw Brown as a martyr, dying for noble cause S – Saw North as trying to murder all southern slave-owners “Defend yourselves. The enemy is at your door.” – Robert Toombs (GA)