Information on this Program : Information on this Program My Website : http//lake.osu.edu Links Weather stations Pest Management Informations Programs


Slide3: http://ohioline.osu.edu


Slide4: Check OSU FactSheets - quarterly


Slide5: Bulletin 504 – to be revised by February, 2003


Plants are the basis of life on Earth: Plants are the basis of life on Earth Oxygenated the atmosphere CO2 to O2 Food Fuel Clothing Tools ?


Slide8: Tool Sharpening


Examples of shrubs that should not be pruned in late summer through spring, to prevent flower removal : Examples of shrubs that should not be pruned in late summer through spring, to prevent flower removal Forsythia, lilacs, rhododendron, azaleas, cherry apples, witchhazel, cornus mas, and others


Pruning Verses Shearing Plants ? : Pruning Verses Shearing Plants ? Shearing means just cut until you get the shape you want. Pruning is selective cuts to acquire your desired goals.


Shearing Creates Plants That : Shearing Creates Plants That Grow up to 1/3 larger than unpruned plants. Plants more prone to snow, wind and ice damage. Poor crotch angles .


Slide12: Apical Dominance The bud at the top of the branch controls the growth of that branch. The apical bud produces hormones that suppresses the growth of lateral buds .


Slide13: What Happens if You Pinch the Apical Bud?


Slide16: Cambium Mother Cell Phloem Xylem


Slide17: Cross Section of a Woody Stem Cambium Phloem Vascular tissue that transmits “tree food” down the tree


Slide18: Cross Section of a Woody Stem Cambium The meristem of the trunk of the tree, the only cells in the trunk that divide. A layer of vascular cells two cells thick


The ‘Purposes of Pruning’ include:: The ‘Purposes of Pruning’ include: Disease and pest control. Improving plant shape and appearance. Increased fruit production. Safety Rejuvenation To reduce plant size. Removal of dead wood. All of the above.


Examples of pruning to help control disease include:: Examples of pruning to help control disease include: Removing black-knotted plum twigs and branches. Thinning maple trees that shade rose plantings in order to dry rose foliage and help prevent black spot disease. Pruning out fire-blighted crabapple shoots, at least 8-12 inches back of blighted plan tissue. Proper pruning cuts that do not leave long stubs which may promote decay development. All of the above.


What is Our Ultimate Goal?: What is Our Ultimate Goal?


Slide32: How Does a Plant Grow Naturally?


How To Prune Roses: How To Prune Roses Know what age the plant flowers on Climbers flowers on two year old wood Most others flower on one year old wood . Prune in early spring before they grow. Prune plants to the 5 strongest canes Cut to a height of 18 inches spaced Prune so the buds face outward


Pruning Forsythia : Pruning Forsythia Flowers on two year old wood. Remove center wood every year near the base to open the center for light. Trim side branches to laterals that creates the desired shape


How To Prune Hydrangea: How To Prune Hydrangea Most older hydrangeas flowers on two year old wood, new macrophylias flowers on one year old wood . Thin out the center and save the strongest wood . Shearing the top may remove all flower buds


Slide43: What is Wrong and Why: .


Slide44: Good Pruning Yes or No? Why? All the growth is on the outer part of the plant. (inside of the plant is bare) Shade to inside and bottom of the plant. Few branches Can it be fixed ?


Slide48: .


Slide49: Selective Pruning : What Would You Trim and Why?


Pruning Rododendrons : Pruning Rododendrons Both Azaleas and Rhododendrons flower on two year old wood . If they need rejuvenation cut to 6” stubs in spring as frost moves out of the ground March15 Trim after they flower in June.(deadheads) As soon as they break pick to tips


Pruning Starts When Early in the Plants Life Cycle :: Pruning Starts When Early in the Plants Life Cycle :


Slide60: True or False


Slide61: How To Get Good Branching .


Slide62: Rhododendrons : is This What You Want? .


Types of Buds : : Types of Buds :


Slide64: Root Pruning Not a natural process . Slows a plants growth (both root and top) Doesn’t anchor he plant as well. Lead to depth of planting problems. Takes the stored food from the plant causing stress. Bare root plants can dry out easily in storage. Cut roots are entry points for disease.


Slide67: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches )


Slide68: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree .


Slide69: The Stop Rule . You will stop pruning when you have removed 25 % of the trees live tissue. It doesn’t matter where you are in the steps of the pruning process.


Slide70: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present )


Slide71: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present ) 4. Remove lower branches so that all the branches are found in the upper 2/3’s of the tree.


Slide76: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present ) 4. Remove lower branches so that all the branches are found in the upper 2/3’s of the tree. 5. Remove undesired branches in the upper crown. (poor crotch angles and locations)


Slide78: Space scaffold branches to allow access.


Slide81: 1/3D


Slide91: Special Conditions Referee tree A tree with lateral branches uplifted and becoming dominant. It has the appearance of a referee signaling a touchdown.


Slide92: Special Conditions Referee tree Drop crotch prune side branches to free the leader to become dominant


Slide94: Weeping Trees How do They Prune Them? .


Slide96: How do we Prune Arborvitaes, and Hemlocks ?


Slide97: Taxus Pruning Which is the Best and Why? . 1.Balanced Growth 2. Insect and Disease Control 3. Structure (wind and snow loads)


Slide99: Sheared Trees Will: Have smaller needles and branches Rapid Growth in the top branches Dead needles in the center


What is Our Ultimate Goal?: What is Our Ultimate Goal?


Slide123: How Does a Plant Grow Naturally?


Slide124: Apical Dominance The bud at the top of the branch controls the growth of that branch. The apical bud produces hormones that suppresses the growth of lateral buds .


Slide125: Apical Dominance


Slide128: What Happens if You Pinch the Apical Bud?


Slide129: All Top Growth ,More Branches but Smaller Branches, More Leaves But Smaller Leaves and More Flowers but Smaller Flowers .


What Should Growth Tell You? : What Should Growth Tell You? Rate at which a plant is growing. Is it good growth rates.


Slide131: Pruning Tools


Slide132: Credit: USDA Forest Service “How to Prune Trees” – P. Bedker, J. O’Brien and M. Mielke


Slide133: Tool Sharpening


Slide134: Root Pruning Not a natural process . Slows a plants growth (both root and top) Doesn’t anchor he plant as well. Lead to depth of planting problems. Takes the stored food from the plant causing stress. Bare root plants can dry out easily in storage. Cut roots are entry points for disease.


Slide142: The Stop Rule . You will stop pruning when you have removed 25 % of the trees live tissue. It doesn’t matter where you are in the steps of the pruning process.


Slide143: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches )


Slide144: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree .


Slide145: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present )


Slide146: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present ) 4. Remove lower branches so that all the branches are found in the upper 2/3’s of the tree.


Slide147: Tree Pruning Five Step Pruning Process Remove all Dead, Weak and Broken Branches. ( includes V crotches ) 2. Remove all co-dominant leaders . This is the in the top of the tree . 3. Select the first permanent branch . (if present ) 4. Remove lower branches so that all the branches are found in the upper 2/3’s of the tree. 5. Remove undesired branches in the upper crown. (poor crotch angles and locations)


Slide161: D 1/3D


Slide162: 1/3D


Slide169: Credit: USDA Forest Service “How to Prune Trees” – P. Bedker, J. O’Brien and M. Mielke


Slide170: Weeping Trees How do They Prune Them? .


Slide172: Good Pruning Yes or No? Why? All the growth is on the outer part of the plant. (inside of the plant is bare) Shade to inside and bottom of the plant. Few branches Can it be fixed ?


Slide174: What is Wrong and Why: .


Slide175: Selective Pruning : What Would You Trim and Why?


Slide176: .


Slide177: How do we Prune Arborvitaes, and Hemlocks ?


Slide178: Taxus Pruning Which is the Best and Why? . 1.Balanced Growth 2. Insect and Disease Control 3. Structure (wind and snow loads)


Slide179: Sheared Trees Will: Have smaller needles and branches Rapid Growth in the top branches Dead needles in the center