ch4sec4

Roots of Self-Government: 

Roots of Self-Government Ch. 4 Section 4 pp. 120-123

Objectives: 

Objectives Summarize why England wanted to regulate colonial trade. Describe colonial governments. Explain how the liberties of the colonists were limited.

Key Terms: 

Key Terms mercantilism export import Navigation Acts Yankee triangular trade legislature GloriousRevolution bill of rights English Bill of Rights

Setting the Scene: 

Setting the Scene Streets in colonial cities had become dangerous A great deal of activity (farmers herding animals, dogs chasing animals, horses, etc.) Trade flourishing by 1700s With increase in trade, England took new interest in colonies.

England Regulates Trade: 

England Regulates Trade England’s belief: colonies should benefit the home country Part of economic theory of mercantilism Mercantilism - a nation becomes strong by keeping control over its trade

England Regulates Trade Cont’d: 

England Regulates Trade Cont’d Mercantilists (people who practice mercantilism) believed a country should export more than it imports Exports - goods sent to markets outside a country Imports - goods brought into a country Selling more goods abroad would bring in money (gold) to home country (England)

Navigation Acts: 

Navigation Acts Passed by English Parliament, beginning in the 1650s Regulations (rules or laws) of trade between England and its colonies Purpose of Acts - to ensure that only England benefited from the colonial trade

Navigation Acts Cont’d: 

Navigation Acts Cont’d Only colonial or English ships could carry goods to and from the colonies. Listed certain products, such as tobacco and cotton, that could only be shipped to England. Jobs were created for English citizens (cutting and rolling tobacco; spinning cotton into cloth)

Navigation Acts Cont’d: 

Navigation Acts Cont’d Navigation Acts benefited colonies too Law encouraged colonists to build own ships New England became a prosperous shipbuilding center Colonial merchants did not have to compete with foreign merchants; a market for their goods (in England) was assured.

Colonists’ Attitudes toward the Navigation Acts: 

Colonists’ Attitudes toward the Navigation Acts Many colonists resented the acts. Felt the laws favored English merchants Often ignored the acts Found ways to get around them

Trade in Rum and Slaves: 

Trade in Rum and Slaves Colonies produced wide variety of goods Merchant ships sailed along Atlantic coast New England merchants dominated colonial trade Yankees - dominate New England merchants; clever, hardworking, had a reputation for profiting from any deal.

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’d: 

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’d Many trade routes developed Triangular trade - three legs of route formed a triangle

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’dFirst Leg to Triangular Trade: 

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’d First Leg to Triangular Trade ships carried fish, lumber, other goods to West Indies Yankee traders bought molasses (dark-brown syrup made from sugar cane) and sugar sailed back to New England colonists used molasses, sugar, to make rum

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’dSecond Leg to Triangular Trade: 

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’d Second Leg to Triangular Trade ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, tools from New England to West Africa traded goods for slaves

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’dThird Leg to Triangular Trade: 

Trade in Rum and Slaves Cont’d Third Leg to Triangular Trade Ships carried enslaved Africans to the West Indies Profits from selling slaves used to purchase more molasses

Results of Triangular Trade: 

Results of Triangular Trade Many New England merchants grew wealthy Often disobeyed Navigation Acts Sugar and molasses were to be purchased from English colonies in West Indies only Demand for sugar and molasses was high Cargo of products smuggled in from Dutch, French, and Spanish West Indies Bribed customs officials ignored illegal cargo

Triangular Trade: 

Triangular Trade New England West Africa West Indies First Leg: fish livestock lumber flour First Leg: sugar molasses Second Leg: rum guns gunpowder cloth tools Third Leg: enslaved Africans

Colonial Government: 

Colonial Government Each colony developed own government Much in common Governor - directed colony’s affairs, enforced laws Most governors appointed by king or colony’s proprietor Rhode Island, Connecticut - governors elected

Colonial Government Cont’d: 

Colonial Government Cont’d Assemblies, called legislatures, in each colony Legislature - a group of people who have the power to make laws Most colonies had an upper and lower house

Colonial Government Cont’dLower House: 

Colonial Government Cont’d Lower House Elected Approved laws Protected citizens’ rights Had the right to approve taxes requested by governor “Power of the Purse” - an important check on governor’s power

Colonial Government Cont’dUpper House: 

Colonial Government Cont’d Upper House Appointed by governor Advisors to the governor

The Right to Vote: 

The Right to Vote Each colony had own rules about who could vote By 1720s all colonies restricted vote to white Christian men over 21 In some colonies, only Protestants or members of particular church could vote All had to own property Leaders believed only property owners knew what was best for a colony.

A Bill of Rights - Background: 

A Bill of Rights - Background Colonists proud of elected assemblies Valued rights given by Magna Carta Magna Carta - signed in 1215 by King John under force; king could not raise taxes without consulting a Great Council (eventually became Parliament)

A Bill of Rights - Background: 

A Bill of Rights - Background Colonists wanted more rights as a result of the Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution of 1688 - King James II removed from throne; William and Mary of Netherlands asked to rule In return for Parliament’s support, Willam and Mary signed the English Bill of rights

A Bill of Rights - Define: 

A Bill of Rights - Define A bill of rights - a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect English Bill of Rights - protected rights of individuals; right to trial by jury; ruler couldn’t raise taxes or army without approval of Parliament

Limits on Liberties: 

Limits on Liberties English colonists had more freedoms than English Not all English rights extended to colonies Women had more rights in colonies; fewer rights than white males In Maryland and Carolinas women who headed families could buy land Africans, Native Americans had almost no rights