social studies ch 5

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Slide1: 

Chapter 5 The Early History of Canada

Slide3: 

Lesson 1 Early Exploration

Slide5: 

One thousand years ago, people who lived in one area knew very little about the rest of the world.

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The earliest European explorers were the Vikings.

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They lived in the part of Europe that is today called Scandinavia.

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The Vikings were known throughout northern Europe as great warriors and sailors.

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A Viking Sailing Ship

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Much of what we know today about their adventures comes from sagas.

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L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland

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Farm Under the Sand, Western Settlement, Greenland

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Historians have come to believe that the Vikings were the first Europeans to reach the Americas, about 1,000 years ago.

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A Viking named Eric the Red and his crew set sail from Iceland and landed on an island that he named Vinland.

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It was called Vinland because of the abundance of green vines found there.

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Twenty years later, Leif Ericson founded the island now called Newfoundland.

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Fierce battles took place between the Indians and the Vikings as a result of a land dispute. . . .

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The Vikings eventually abandoned their settlements in North America.

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Almost 500 years passed before Europeans took up an interest in sailing across the Atlantic.

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Three reasons: 1. Better ships 2. Better instruments 3. Desire to trade with Asia

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What was in Asia? Silk, spices, perfume, diamonds, spices, rubies, pearls, and spices! (Did we mention spices?)

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Traders knew of only two routes to Asia, both of which were very long and dangerous.

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Some people thought that if they sailed west, instead of east, they could also reach Asia.

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The first European to attempt this route was Christopher Columbus. (But he reached the Americas instead of Asia.)

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Later, other explorers began to hope that they could find an all-water route to Asia by traveling along the north coast of North America.

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Although none of them ever found this Northwest Passage, they were able to explore much of Canada.

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English Exploration (1497)John Cabot, an Italian, reached Vinland. He renamed it Newfoundland.

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French Exploration (1524) Giovanni da Verrazano established French claims to land in Canada.

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(1534) Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River and founded the present-day city of Montreal.

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Lesson 2 Settlements and Colonies

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Many European fishing boats fished in the Grand Banks, an area near Newfoundland that was teaming with fish.

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Europeans living in Canada traded with the Indians knives and kettles for fur pelts.

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Hats made out of beaver fur were all the rage back home in Europe!

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The king of France sent Samuel de Champlain to start a colony in Canada in the early 1600’s.

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In 1608, Champlain established the settlement of Quebec.

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Quebec was the beginning of the first French colony in North America, which was called New France.

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Because of his hard work, Champlain became known as the “Father of New France”.

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The French would not allow anyone to move to Quebec that was not Roman Catholic.

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Also, people were not used to the area’s climate and farming was difficult.

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Champlain was the first European to see the Great Lakes.

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Most of the traders who ran the Canadian trading posts were French.

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The British formed the Hudson’s Bay Company, which spread quickly, establishing posts all along Hudson Bay.

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Some European trappers lived in the forests with the Indians. They were called coureurs de bois, “wood runners”

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These scouts learned from the Indians. They learned how to use birchbark canoes.

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The French voyageurs carried the traders’ goods from the forests.

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The strong voyageurs paddled down Canada’s swift rivers, carrying their canoes and cargo over each portage, or land route.

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In 1642, the colony of Montreal was founded.

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Montreal became the center for missionaries from France.

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The French hoped to convert the Indians to Christianity.

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Montreal served as a missionary center for many years. It also became an important base for fur traders and explorers.

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Lesson 3: Colonies in Conflict

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By the 1700’s, Canada was a land of many cultures.

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French British Huron Iroquois

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In the late 1600’s and early 1700’s the French and British frequently fought over land and competed for the fur trade.

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In 1754 war broke out in the Ohio River Valley, an area claimed by both France and Britain.

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The war became known as the rench and Indian War because the French and the Huron banded together against the British.

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British troops surrounded New France, using a blockade to keep food and other supplies from entering the colony.

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James Wolfe was one of the officers for the British army.

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General Louis de Montcalm was with the French army.

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The Battle of the Plains of Abraham is considered the most decisive in Canadian history. This battle lasted only ten minutes!

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By 1763, France had given up all of its claims to land in North America.

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In 1774, the British passed the Quebec Act, which guaranteed the French the right to maintain their own culture.

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Thousands of French-speaking people were forced by British soldiers to leave Nova Scotia, then called Acadia.

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These Acadians refused to pledge loyalty to the British crown. Some Acadians went to the area around present-day Louisiana.

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Today, their descendants are called “Cajuns”.

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In 1776, the United States became independent of Great Britain.

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Loyalists, colonists who had remained loyal to Britain had often been forced by the rebels to leave their homes.

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Many loyalists migrated to Canada during and after the American Revolution.

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Many Loyalists did not want to live among French-speaking Canadians. Est-ce que vous parlez en Francais? Huh? Non, il a’ arrive’ a L’Angleterre.

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In 1791 Britain divided the former colony of New France into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada.

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Most English-speaking settlers lived in the western part of Upper Canada.

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Lower Canada, now Quebec, was home to many French-speaking settlers. Au contraire, mon frere!

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In the 1700’s Britain gained control over the vast area of Canada.

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However, Canada would have to struggle in order to survive as one nation.