The West and the WorldChapter 17: The West and the World Chapter 17


Map Exercise 17.1:Spain and Portugal – Explorations & Colonies, c. 1600 CE (page 386): Map Exercise 17.1: Spain and Portugal – Explorations & Colonies, c. 1600 CE (page 386) 1. Colonies and Geography a. Where are Spain’s colonies located? b. Where are Portugal’s colonies located? 2. Routes a. Identify the explorers who sailed for Spain & Portugal b. Describe their routes using compass directions and seas sailed.


Map Exercise 17.2France, Britain, and Dutch Holdings, c. 1700 (page 388): Map Exercise 17.2 France, Britain, and Dutch Holdings, c. 1700 (page 388) 1. Identify the colonial holdings of each European power. a. France b. Britain c. The Dutch 2. Why would Europe be able to settle the interiors of the American continents but not Africa? 3. Why might European possessions be very limited on the continental coasts of Asia (as opposed to the islands offshore)?


Slide4: Maritime Power - west’s first outreach upper classes become used to imports knowledge of outside world new technology round-hull ships sail Atlantic new metalwork=better cannon compass & better map-making


Slide5: Portugal & Spain Vasco de Gama – India – 1497 Indonesia & China – 1514 Japan - 1542 forts in African & Asian ports Spain goes west – Americas - Pope gives approval for claim over Latin America Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigates the globe


Slide6: Northern European Expeditions 1500s Britain, Holland, France British naval victory over Spain – 1588 - ocean dominance of Northern countries North America Dutch to Indonesia, South Africa all received government awarded monopolies of trade - chartered companies


Slide7: major consequences for world history new international pool for exchanges of diseases, food & manufactured products more inclusive world economy opening of parts of the world to western colonization Columbian Exchange lack of immunity=death from smallpox & measles


Slide8: European population in Americas grew New World crops change life in old world new animals to Americas population increases


Slide9: west dominates international trade (GB, Dutch, French) Asian shipping continues, Muslim traders in East Africa, Turks in Mediterranean Europeans secure harbors & build forts to protect commerce in Asia & Africa


Slide10: 1600s = new world economy dominated by Europeans expand manufacturing mercantilism to protect home markets & support exports tariffs to discourage competition from rivals rest of world supply raw materials -buy manufactured goods from Europe


Slide11: International Inequality core regions & dependent economic zones some in dependent areas gain wealth - African slave traders - food merchants in Latin America wealth gained spent on European imports – no local manufacturing


Slide12: many areas not affected by world economy (most peasants) East Asia – regional commerce China – not interested in international trading Europeans still wanted Chinese products - American silver paid for it Japan isolated Ottoman, Persia, Mughal India limited trade Russia & most of Africa not involved


Slide13: Expansionism dominance spreads to new areas 17 & 18th c. Britain turns holdings into dependent regions tariffs against Indian cotton cloth Eastern Europe joins world economy


Slide14: Colonial Expansion Americas – loosely controlled colonies West Indian Islands Panama Aztecs & Incas early colonies – want gold - tribute w/o administration agricultural settlements – more formal administration missionary


Slide15: North America early 17th c - French – Canada - British & Dutch – Atlantic coast - all 3 – West Indian islands different from Latin America - religious refugees - land grants for settlers French – manorial estates - Catholic Church important - surrender to British 1763


Slide16: less value than Asian or West Indian colonies - small populations, not much trade Indians & Europeans don’t mix (did in Latin America) Indians die & move west - new culture with horse slavery


Slide17: family political & economic ideology trade & manufacturing Enlightenment ideas political assemblies North American society = Western European


Slide18: Africa & Asia Europeans stay on coast except Angola – slave expeditions South Africa - settlements South Africa – Dutch expand to interior - wars with Bantu


Slide19: Asia – few settlements Spain – Philippines - strong church presence Dutch East India Co. - Indonesia French & British fight over Mughal Empire - British win - defeat Indians too - administration limited (unlike NA) - agreements with local rulers - cultural impact slight - few settlers


Slide20: colonial development affect Europe - economically - diplomatically colonial rivalries add to existing hostilities between countries Seven Years War - first world wide war - Europe, Asia, America bring new wealth & products


What technological innovations made the global domination of the West possible?: What technological innovations made the global domination of the West possible? deep-draft, round-hulled sailing ships – could carry heavy armament compass cannons – metalwork & gunpowder leads to military advantage over rest of world


Describe the early exploration of the world by the West.: Describe the early exploration of the world by the West. Portuguese start – down coast of Africa Spain – Americas, Philippines Vasco da Gama to India Portuguese to Brazil, set up forts in Africa, Indonesia, Japan Magellan around world France, England, Dutch (counter Catholic gains) French – North America British - North America, West Indies Dutch – Southeast Asia, South Africa Trading companies – looking for markets


What was the Columbian exchange? : What was the Columbian exchange? New World crops to rest of world – potatoes, corn, tobacco, sugar, coffee Old World sent horses, cattle, pigs disease – wiped out 50-80% of native populations in Americas, Polynesia gives Europeans a chance to dominate populations


Define the terms “core area” & “dependent zone”.: Define the terms “core area” & “dependent zone”. Core area – dominant countries, good economies, mercantilism, tariffs, used raw materials from dependent zones to manufacture goods and sell back to dependent zones Dependent Zone – produce low cost goods, raw materials, human labor, sell to core areas, rely on core areas for manufactured goods


What areas remained outside the new global economy prior to 1600? What areas were added in the 17th century?: What areas remained outside the new global economy prior to 1600? What areas were added in the 17th century? East Asia Japan Mughal Empire in India Ottoman & Savid Empires in Southwest Asia Russia India Eastern Europe Latin America


How did the British & French North America differ from other European colonies?: How did the British & French North America differ from other European colonies? religious refugees government land grants, recruit settlers kept Western civilization, didn’t mix with Indians (no new cultural groups) less treasure seeking – more “settled” strongly influenced by European politics, culture


What were the results of the creation of a world economy?: What were the results of the creation of a world economy? internal changes within areas Africa – loss of young people India – manufacturing decline Interactions with Europeans Missionary work not always succeed, when it did, combine with local religions new foodstuffs, increased trade expand populations, increase agriculture West’s military advantage


Discuss the ways that the creation of a global economy in the 16th & 17th centuries differed from the previous trade networks that had existed between civilizations.: Discuss the ways that the creation of a global economy in the 16th & 17th centuries differed from the previous trade networks that had existed between civilizations. dominated by West – not East or Islam new areas added – Africa, Americas increase in international trade leads to core regions & dependent zones dependent zones exploited by core regions raw materials exported (coercive labor systems) dependent on manufactured goods from core regions global network enforced by West’s military technology especially naval


Discuss the reasons allowing the West to establish its dominance in the global trade network of the 17th century.: Discuss the reasons allowing the West to establish its dominance in the global trade network of the 17th century. withdrawal of possible rivals (China, Islamic world) Ottomans not dedicated to commerce & not fully in control of regions critical to Islamic trade network China self-sufficient, withdraws from world trade network Japan isolates West has advantage of population growth, technological innovations West defeats Ottomans in 16thc. China & Japan never challenge West