Slide1:
Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)
Regional Workshop, Arusha Tanzania
16th – 18Tth October 2007
CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF MODERN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES PROJECTS FOR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES
By Oscar Lema October 2007
Presentation Structure : Presentation Structure
Energy and MDG’S
Energy Situation in Tanzania
TaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects Intervention
Experiences
About the Tanzania DEA case study
Methodology used to test AF
Assessment Framework Test Findings
Conclusion & Recommendations
Overview of Energy and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): Overview of Energy and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Energy improves the quality of peoples life by providing lighting, clean water and healthier cooking methods ( MDG 3, 4, & 5)
Clean energy improves the environment and health by replacing dirty fuels or wood usage (MDG 5 & 7)
Cooking on improved Okoa fire wood stove (more than 300,000 stoves in use) Three-stone fire place and kerosene wick lamp
Slide4: Energy can be used to
improve production
resulting in income
generation (MDG 1)
Finally, and perhaps
most important, energy
can be used to
stimulate economic
activity (MDG 1,3 & 8) Energy and MDG’s cont… More than 15,000 improved stoves are produces and sold each month by each enterprise More that 1000 driers have being built year to date
Slide5: Energy situation in Tanzania. The estimated total energy
consumption is more than 22
million tones of oil equivalent
(TOE) or 0.7 TOE per capita.
Energy consumption in rural
areas accounts for about
85%.
Biomass-based fuel accounts
for more than 90% of
primary energy supply. Fig: Total energy consumption in Tanzania Local beer brewing on three stove fire place
Slide6: Human physical energy remains the
main source of energy for agriculture
and transport activities for mostly
women and children.
Low quality fuels (biomass) used in
inefficient technologies causes in-door
air pollution and contributes to land
degradation.
More than 90% of Tanzanians have no
access to grid electricity
Only 2% of rural based Tanzanians
have access to electricity Energy situation in Tanzania cont…. Rural transportation of firewood
( many hours are wasted) Traditional metal charcoal stove with low efficiency of 12 – 15%
Slide7: A sustainable modern energy development NGO with more than fourteen years experience in energy technologies development and related environmental conservation practices.
Registered as a sustainable energy development national NGO, a non profit sharing, membership organization comprised of professionals, enterprises, CBOs, artisans, Individuals, farmers and institutions.
Charged with the development and promotion of sustainable energy technologies and services. TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects Half Orange charcoal production kiln Jatropha-biofuel plant – growing interest from farmers MFP can use Jatropha Oil – new opportunity for rural development
Slide8: TaTEDO vision, mission and goals Vision: Self –reliant and poverty free communities with access to sustainable modern energy services
Mission: To advance popular use of sustainable modern energy technologies by marginalized communities in Tanzania. TaTEDO does this through technologies adaptation, awareness raising, capacity building and advocacy for increased access to sustainable energy services, poverty reduction, self-reliance and environmental conservation
New Solar PV companies are formed Post harvest losses are reduced Productive use of biomass energy technologies
Slide9: To improve quality of life of the Tanzanians by contributing to
availability of improved and sustainable energy services,
Availability of employment and income generating opportunities essential for poverty reduction.
To reduce environmental degradation resulting from increased use of wood and fossil fuels.
Assist the country to reduce dependence on imported energy.
TaTEDO Goals: Solar PV – local micro financing is necessary Self built improved mud stove Solar PV improves quality of life
Slide10: TaTEDO undertakes the following activities to
achiever vision mission and goals:
Promote access to modern energy services for meeting productive and consumptive energy needs in SMEs, social service centres and households,
Undertake field implementation of sustainable energy programmes and projects.
Provide sustainable modern energy related consultancy services,
Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy production and use environment,
Develop networking and partnership with local, national and international organisations,
Manage and disseminate energy information to primary, secondary and other stakeholders,
Lobby and advocate in order to influence energy and environment related policies, strategies and legislations,
Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services, and
Conduct energy related applied researches. TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects
Slide11: Tanzania Case study for DEA Project Case study title: Solar/wind powered Water Pumping Irrigation Scheme
Why this study?
To test the Assessment Framework in the real situation
To identify and examine the developmental impacts of energy
innovations
To use the information obtained to improve on-going and future
energy interventions
Specific Objectives
To establish and apply an Assessment Framework for evaluating
development and poverty impacts of energy interventions
To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other
stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to
incorporating these issues in energy policy.
Slide12: About the case study: UNDP Water Pumping /Irrigation projects Located in Ukerewe Island, a
district in Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region
Comprise of two irrigation schemes
Windmill – Nakatunguru village
Solar PV – Namagubo village
All focused into water pumping for
irrigation using water from Lake Victoria
Funded by UNDP GEF SGP
Implemented by MAFS and managed
by farmers groups Case study project site
Slide13: About the case study cont….. The projects aimed at:
Increasing crop productivity – food security and income generation
Demonstrating use of RET’s thus safeguarding the environment
Slide14: Methodology for testing AF Review of project documents
Projects site visits
Meetings with Farmers Group Leaders
& District officials
Structured questionnaires
Discussions with focus groups
Beneficiaries
District officials
Ministry of Agricuture and Food Security
Project Sponsor
Analysis of data by MS Access
Slide15: Assessment Framework Test Findings Unfortunately none of the projects were operational during AF testing due to:
Lake water level drop caused by climate change – less
rainfall coupled with long dry periods (evaporation)
Increased demand for water by population around the
Lake
However:
Success story revealed by the beneficiaries and other stakeholders
during the first 3 months of projects life indicated positive outcomes and impacts
Slide16: Outcomes of the projects Increased awareness on the use of modern energy
for productive use activities
Farmer groups training on:
Better farming methods (horticulture, etc.)
Managing and maintaining wind /solar irrigation
facility
Leadership of groups
Increase in farm sizes
From 3 acres to 50 acres
Strengthening community relations
Increase in group size
From 6 to 36 members
From 5 to 60 members
Increased crop productivity
Increased access to water
Slide17: Impacts of the projects Although limited, impacts recorded include:
Reduced income poverty (Revealed by beneficiaries
during interview after comparing what they used to get
before and after the project)
Employment creation – many people resort to farming
business
Environmental conservation
Use of clean energy sources
Time saving
Irrigating once for two days
Initially irrigating everyday
Only for two hours a day
Initially irrigating 8 hours a day
Reduced women drudgery
Slide18: Impacts/ Outcomes Array Increased Farm sizes Increased social relation Increased productivity
Slide19: Assessment framework and findings
Slide20: Lessons Learnt by TaTEDO for improving the AF The following lessons are quite critical to take into consideration during the planning and designing of energy intervention projects and programmes:
Taking of baseline information for effective M + E
undertaking
Clear institutional set –up for effective implementation
Clear ownership and involvement/participation of the
beneficiaries
for effective project management
Clear impact assessment mechanism for ensuring
project sustainability.
Slide21: Conclusions Based on these findings AF is an important tool
during project planning, designing, implementation
and in the M + E,
Major setback for the successful
implementation of the two projects is the
drastic drop of water level in Lake Victoria
In relation to the MDGs and Tanzania NSGRP the
wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for
irrigation projects. If successful, could have strong
positive impacts on poverty reduction, gender and
environmental sustainability.
Slide22: The information obtained through application
of AF are useful to our National Energy Policy in:
Improving policy implementation strategies
Institute appropriate enforcing Laws and
Regulations
Improving mechanisms for projects monitoring
and evaluation
Applying impact assessment mechanism for
ensuring sustainability Conclusions……
Slide23: Recommendations Baseline information is vital during project planning to
be able to determine project viability, measure
progress and assess impacts
There is a need to incorporate monitoring and
evaluation component in project planning from local level
to national level
Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders
on the issues of development- poverty-energy linkages
Create awareness and capacity building to planners in
various sectors in order to get energy integrated
into planning to implementation
Slide24: Need to conduct farmers/ beneficiaries awareness
raising on the essential linkages between energy,
environment and development.
Different stakeholders involvement from
very beginning of project planning, implementation and
management is crucial for project success and
sustainability
System re-designing may be required to cope with the
existing situation
Recommendations ……
Slide25: P. O. Box 32794,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Tel: +255-22-2700771/2700438
Fax: +255-22-2774400
Email: energy@tatedo.org
Website: www.tatedo.org