R2 ITProDeck

Technical Overview: 

Technical Overview December 2005

Agenda: 

Agenda Release Cycle Windows Server™ 2003 R2 Principal Scenarios Identity and Access Management Efficient Storage Management Simplified Branch Server Management Improved Web Platform Cost-Effective Virtualization

Slide4: 

Manage a single identity across partner, web and UNIX apps Better connectivity, reliability, TCO – up to 50% WAN traffic reduction Better control over storage setup and 10% lower management costs Latest 64-bit & .NET technologies for double the Web app performance Enterprise Edition & Virtual Server R2: The best value in server virtualization

Slide5: 

Active Directory Federation Services UNIX Identity Management Distributed File System Centralized File and Print Consoles File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs .NET Framework 2.0 Windows SharePoint Services Enterprise Edition licensing change

Identity and Access Management: 

Your EMPLOYEES Your APPLICATIONS Your PLATFORMS Your REMOTE and VIRTUAL EMPLOYEES Identity and Access Management Challenge: Extending access across users, apps, platforms

Identity and Access Management: 

Identity and Access Management Active Directory® Application Mode (ADAM) Lightweight, domain-independent mode of Active Directory for application directory scenarios Interoperability with Domain Mode for authentication Benefit: Tailor directory services infrastructure for local control/autonomy or shared services UNIX Identity Management Server for Network Information Service (NIS) helps integrate Windows and UNIX domains Password synchronization simplifies password maintenance across platforms Benefit: Efficient multi-platform identity management Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) Windows Server 2003 R2 Features

Active Directory Application Mode: 

Active Directory Application Mode Lightweight, domain-independent mode of Active Directory for application directory scenarios Same code as Active Directory = same programming model, admin tools, replication model Simple wizard-based install; no DCPROMO Schema flexibility; synchronization with Active Directory possible via Identity Integration Feature Pack Free web download Authentication in Active Directory, authorization in ADAM for increased security

ADAM Usage ScenariosApplication-specific local directory: 

ADAM Usage Scenarios Application-specific local directory Example: Web portal with personalization Store personalization info in ADAM Use Active Directory for authentication Infrastructure Active Directory Store/ retrieve data Client Authentication Server

ADAM Usage ScenariosExtranet Access Management: 

ADAM Usage Scenarios Extranet Access Management Policy server: ADFS or third-party solutions (CA SiteMinder, OpenNetwork/BMC, etc.) “Fast-bind authentication” via LDAP bind calls Scenario benefits from ADAM ease of use LDAP “admin connection” (search, Update) Web client LDAP bind (authN) Web servers

UNIX Identity Management: 

UNIX Identity Management Consolidation of administration and monitoring across platforms Remotely monitor and administer Windows-based systems in the same fashion and with the same tools as UNIX-based systems Efficient Cross-platform User Management UNIX Server Windows Server Windows Workstation UNIX Workstation Windows Server UNIX Server UNIX Workstation UNIX Workstation Windows Workstation Windows Workstation

Server For NIS: 

Server For NIS NIS Clients UNIX NIS Servers Master Slave Windows Servers Slave

Server For NIS: 

Server For NIS UNIX NIS Servers Windows Servers NIS Clients Slave Slave Slave Master

UNIX Password Synchronization: 

UNIX Password Synchronization Pull NIS schema into Active Directory Bidirectional Password Sync, user name mapping, supported on: HP-UX 11i Sun Solaris 8 & 9 IBM AIX 5L 5.2 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Mapping Server Map Windows® User and Group Accounts to UNIX

Active Directory Federation ServicesWindows Integrated Authentication: Great For Intranets: 

Active Directory Federation Services Windows Integrated Authentication: Great For Intranets Logon to Windows Flexible Authentication Kerberos X509 v3/Smartcard/PKI VPN/802.1x/RADIUS LDAP Passport/Digest/Basic (Web) SSPI/SPNEGO Single Sign-on to: Windows File/Print servers Microsoft applications 390/AS400 (Host Integration Server) ERP (BizTalk®, SharePoint® ESSO) 3rd Party Integrated Apps Web Applications via IIS UNIX/J2EE

Vision for Identity Management: 

Vision for Identity Management Past Present Future Connected Systems Identity Federation Built to Extend Low cost to value Application Silos ID for Each System Internally Focused Limit to Biz Value Custom Integration Identity Integration Internal & External High cost to value Identity Integration Products and Services Platform Capabilities Web Services Interop Extending Access Through Web Services

Identity and Access ManagementActive Directory Federation Services (ADFS): 

Extend value of Active Directory deployments to facilitate more secure web application access for employees, partners and customers Web SSO: Extranet authentication and single sign-on Identity Federation: Distributed web SSO across domains Promotes IT efficiency, end user productivity, and better security Works with existing Active Directory deployments Interoperable with 3rd party security solutions and heterogeneous application platforms Company A Company B Identity and Access Management Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS)

ADFS Scenario: Web SSO: 

ADFS Scenario: Web SSO User credentials and attributes managed in Active Directory/ADAM at the application Benefits: Single sign-on to farm of IISv6 web apps Stronger authentication via forms, client-side certs ADAM support: LDAP user store in perimeter Support for “road warrior” applications Windows Integrated Auth for internal users ADFS auth for external users

ADFS Scenario: Identity Federation: 

ADFS Scenario: Identity Federation User credentials and attributes managed in “home realm” by partner organization Benefits: Single sign-on to internal and partner web applications Fewer passwords for users to forget Lower password reset costs Centralized administration, delegated to partners Automated restriction of partner app access Logging of inbound and outbound access requests

Identity Federation in Action: 

A. Datum Account Forest Trey Research Resource Forest Identity Federation in Action Federation Trust

ADFS: Standards-Based Solution: 

ADFS: Standards-Based Solution Active Directory Federation Services IBM PingID BMC Quest CA Centrify + others… Multi-vendor, multi-platform interoperability via Web Services WS-Federation

ADFS Architecture: 

ADFS Architecture Active Directory (2K, 2K3, ADAM) Authenticates users Manages attributes Federation Service (FS) STS (security token service) Issues security tokens Populates claims Statements an authority makes about security principals Manages federation trust policy FS Proxy (FS-P) Client proxy for token requests Provides UI for browser clients Web Server SSO Agent Enforces user authentication Creates user authorization context HTTPS LPC/Web Methods Windows Authentication/LDAP Application (authorization) Windows NT® Impersonation and ACLs ASP.NET IsInRole() AzMan RBAC integration ASP.NET Raw Claims API

Identity and Access Management: 

Identity and Access Management Key Benefits Provide more secure web application access to employees, partners and customers, across security boundaries Enable single sign-on for employees across internal and partner applications Centrally manage identities across Windows and UNIX systems Tailor directory services infrastructure to meet varying needs for decentralization or control Key Enablers ADFS, ADAM, UNIX Identity Management Web Services Architecture (WS-*) interoperability specifications

Slide24: 

Active Directory Federation Services UNIX Identity Management Distributed File System Centralized File and Print Consoles File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs .NET Framework 2.0 Windows SharePoint Services Enterprise Edition licensing change

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management Wide-Area Network (WAN) WAN costs can be significant WAN latency issues Management costs Lack of network admins on site in branch offices Tape backup expensive, unreliable Tools need to scale to large number of branches Policy Delegation UI Branch office challenges

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management Replaceable Ease of deployment & replacement Admin free Not require admins in branch sites Simple configuration from central site Accelerator Efficient use of WAN resources – just transfer file deltas Rely on local cache to handle local requests Forward to central server when WAN is available Microsoft Branch Server Vision

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management Easily manage your infrastructure with centralized management tools DFS Management Console & Failover with Failback Print Management Console Keep your business running smoothly, by taking advantage of faster data replication DFS: Remote Differential Compression Reduce administration costs by eliminating local administration & local back-up Windows Server 2003 R2 Features for Branch

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management Brand new management UI Hierarchical view of namespace New features such as rename links, drag n’ drop New features in DFS Namespace Service Failback (Configured by admin at root or link) Vs. Failover Prioritization of Target Server referrals Set priority of servers to which you failback Enabling Technologies: DFS Namespace

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management A robust multi-master file replicator Efficient, scalable & robust Key new features: Core Service: Efficient and simple state-based synchronization Remote Differential Compression Bandwidth Throttling New management console Enabling Technologies: Distributed File System Replication (DFS-R)

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management New Microsoft algorithm Send only minimal deltas when transferring data over a network RDC efficiency examples Change title in a 3.5MB PPT, resync takes just 16K Enabling Technologies: Remote Differential Compression (RDC) Source: MS Internal

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management New Print Management Console (PMC) in R2 With PMC, branch servers can easily be print servers because they are remotely manageable on a 1-to-many basis Enabling Technologies: Print Role Printers Node Servers Node

Simplified Branch Server Management: 

Simplified Branch Server Management Key Benefits Centralized Management of File and Print Services High Availability Efficient Publishing & Collaboration Key Enablers DFS Remote Differential Compression Management Console Failover with Failback Print Management Console Windows Remote Management/ WS-Management Enables secure and firewall-friendly remote server management Enables in-band and out-of-band (with appropriate BMCs) hardware management

Slide33: 

Active Directory Federation Services UNIX Identity Management Distributed File System Centralized File and Print Consoles File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs .NET Framework 2.0 Windows SharePoint Services Enterprise Edition licensing change

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Storage growth estimates: 60-100% per year Managing storage growth effectively is a challenge Direct Attached Storage (DAS) solutions have limitations Storage Area Network (SAN) solutions can be complex Few IT professionals are storage experts: 35% of SMBs have moved from DAS to SAN 40% of SMBs are considering moving to SAN Costs of managing storage can be 10x the cost of storage Process of consolidating File Servers/Storage is involving Complex and error prone Potential disruption to end users The Challenges of Storage Today

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Windows Server 2003 R2 Storage Management (FSRM) (SMFS) Capacity Management Policy Management File Screening Quota Management Configuration Management File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs Disk provisioning Disk management

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Capacity Management Determine existing storage capacity usage across the organization Determine whether usage effectively supports organizational goals Define and implement storage policies Adjust the policies as capacity needs grow and as organization needs change Policy Management No easy way to control the type of data stored on file servers Unwanted content must be identified manually Quota Management User home directories often grow quickly causing servers to run out of space Departmental shares can also grow unexpectedly Administrators are only aware of storage crises when the server is already out of space FSRM: Administrator Challenges

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Capacity Management Identify where storage capacity is used inefficiently Identify mechanisms to prevent future capacity misuse Monitor usage patterns and utilization levels Policy Management Eliminate non-business files and improve storage utilization while reducing management costs Implement policies to restrict unauthorized files in order to limit legal exposure Promote a culture of accountability Quota Management Control the amount of space used for a folder or share and limit its impact on server utilization Monitor disk space usage growth per volume, folder, or share Slow down storage growth FSRM: User Scenarios and Benefits

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management FSRM: Capacity Management Functionality Predefined and configurable storage capacity reporting Predefined reports for ease of use Configurable reports for fine tuning to specific server environments Multiple report formats Generate reports at scheduled intervals (e.g. off-hours) Save reports locally or send to users via e-mail Support for clustered configurations

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Functionality Applies to a folder tree or volume Screening rules Based on file groups Apply to all user files in the folder File screening settings can be saved in template Passive and active screening supported Screening events recorded in audit log Same set of notification as quotas File system interoperability Only NTFS volumes are supported Usage is tracked in real time Only volumes with screening configuration are monitored Screening is based on file name patterns (*.mp3, FY04*) Self-consistent volume configuration Cluster support FSRM: Policy Management (File Screening)

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Functionality Quotas limit the size of a directory tree or a volume Quota applies to all users files in directory Limit can be soft or hard File system interoperability Only NTFS volumes are supported Usage is tracked in real time, failing I/Os at hard limit Only volumes with quota configuration are monitored Quota usage is charged based on disk size Support for special files Compressed, sparse, named streams, hard links, reparse points Multiple notification thresholds at configurable quota utilization levels Self-consistent volume configuration Quota settings travel with volume (SAN, hot-pluggable disks) Cluster support FSRM: Quota Management

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Administrator Challenges Small-midsize market want SAN benefits, but Existing tools are complex and expensive Administrators have limited experience with SAN technologies Want basic functionality enabling the administrator to easily share storage among servers User scenarios and benefits Offers basic SAN management functionality, including Device discovery LUN creation Storage allocation Enables Shared storage solutions Clustering SMFS: SAN Management and Provisioning

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Basics Uses Virtual Disk Service (VDS) infrastructure Allows Windows® administrators to perform basic array and LUN management Targets small-scale SANs built from simplified hardware MMC snap-in Functionality Discovery of storage arrays on a Fibre Channel or iSCSI SAN, including storage array properties, such as firmware info Creation, deletion and expansion of storage array LUNs Specification of LUN options, such as RAID levels Allocation of LUNs to specific servers on the SAN Monitor LUNs, including status/health and allocation to servers Using VDS, integrates iSCSI, iSNS, MPIO, HBA API local storage management SMFS: SAN Management and Provisioning

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Uses VDS API to manage storage (hardware providers) Fibre Channel iSCSI PCI RAID (DAS) iSCSI and HBA API connectivity MPIO for path management SMFS: Technical Details Storage Manager for SANs VDS iSCSI MPIO HBA API Provider Provider Storage Hardware (managed via VDS)

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Key storage technology Leading file system virtualization product – virtualizes file servers and network-attached storage devices Provides logical view to physical storage and unified global namespace Users can connect to share without having to remember server name Translates logical names to physical shares Shares can be moved around without affecting clients – share location is transparent to clients Distributed File System (DFS) * To support multiple domain-based roots on a Standard Edition server, the following Knowledge Base article is needed: KB 903651. ** Clients need a hotfix for failback. Refer to Knowledge Base article KB 898900.

Efficient Storage Management: 

Efficient Storage Management Key Benefits Simple SAN provisioning File quota management, file screening, and file storage reporting UNIX NFS connectivity Key Enablers Simple SAN Management for the IT Generalist File Server Resource Management Virtual Disk Services (VDS) 1.1 UNIX/Windows interoperability for streamlined cross-platform file server management Hardware Compatibility Tests (HCT) 12.1

Slide46: 

Active Directory Federation Services UNIX Identity Management Distributed File System Centralized File and Print Consoles File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs .NET Framework 2.0 Windows SharePoint Services Enterprise Edition licensing change

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Challenges in Managing Collaboration & Web Infrastructure Online Collaboration Enabling effective collaboration across boundaries Managing interactions among employees, partners and suppliers Intuitively sharing content, documents & information Developing Web Applications Efficiently developing applications that scale with your needs Customizing & extending the Web platform to fit your needs Delivering rich application scenarios and user experiences Extending Applications and Infrastructure Enabling online extension of Line-of-Business applications Leveraging and interoperating with legacy investments Cost of managing and maintaining Web infrastructure

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Accelerate and extend efficient collaboration Microsoft Web Platform Vision Extending Business Infrastructure over the Web and controlling development and management costs just got better Reduce development and management costs of Web Services and applications Reduce Infrastructure costs with a secure, high-performance Web server

Collaborative WorkspacesStay on the same page in a common work area: 

Collaborative Workspaces Stay on the same page in a common work area Single integrated environment based on familiar tools Centralized control, deployment, and management Workspaces extend document functionality Self service workspaces easily created Collaborate in context Out-of-box tools for collaboration Support for standard and custom web parts Web Platform Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) Provide Collaborative Workspaces

Web Platform: 

Web Platform True One-Click Installation New “SharePoint Services” Server Role Shipping with Windows Server R2 Integration through MYS/CYS and OCM Preinstalled solution from OEMs Available on Windows Storage Server R2 Easy to Customize .NET 2.0 Support out-of-the-box applications Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) Simplified Setup and Deployment

Web Platform: 

Web Platform 30 Out-of-box scenarios tailored to address business processes or tasks The templates are used to… Foster customers’ target deployments of Windows SharePoint Services Facilitate end user adoption and use of WSS capabilities Demonstrate business process capabilities of WSS platform Provide a starting point for deeper vertical and implementation solutions Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) Application Templates Download at http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/sppt/wssapps/default.mspx

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Static IP Support New Extranet Scenarios Port Translation SSL Termination Host Header Modifications Support for latest technology 64 bit Support Better Kerberos Surfacing SQL Server 2005 Support Visual Studio 2005 Support Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) Extended Scenarios

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Faster Development & Deployment Deliver rich web scenarios to market 40% faster 70% Reduction in Code Length Deploy Pre-Compiled Accelerated Configuration & Management Replace/extend all built-in features + services Unified Management w/ MMC Plug In Build DSI-ready applications Built-in Data Caching and Security Enhanced Logging Framework 25-40% Web Service Performance Gains ASP.NET 2.0 Reduce development and management costs of Web applications

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Reduce Downtime & Errors Event Tracing for Windows enables quick error removal 2x Virtual Memory for 32 bit applications on x64 Improve Security and Hardening Simple Lockdown with Security Configuration Wizard More Performance for Less Money with x64 Support 2x many connections Decrease CPU by up to 47% IIS 6.0 Reduce Infrastructure costs with a secure, high-performance Web server

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Programmatic Configuration Write scripts to automate provisioning, deployment, and management Start with 101 scripts/programs offered in Operations SDK Unified Management Tools MMC plug-in integrates with IIS Enables GUI administration of ALL ASP.NET configuration settings Removes need to ever directly touch .config file Health Monitoring API Enable real-time tracing/stats of running apps Granular event level analysis switches Automated Email Error Notifications for Admins Compatible with ASP.NET V1 & V1.1 ASP.NET 2.0 Simplified Management

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Best Performance and Scalability Highest throughput and scalability 25-40% Web Service Performance Gains Pre-compiled Web applications to improve performance & protect IP Build DSI-ready applications Built-in Data Caching and Security Enhanced Logging Framework Fully Extensible Platform Replace/extend all built-in features + services Customize for any enterprise environment ASP.NET 2.0 High Performance Solutions

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Improved Productivity 45 New Security, Data, Navigation & Web Part Controls Simplified development – code length reduced by 70% Enhanced Security Extendable APIs for custom authentication/authorization Out of the box security controls streamline secure development Simplified Page Design Easily separate page design from content and code Independently manage Web site design, content & code Enable consistent and customizable user experiences ASP.NET 2.0 Empowers Your Developers

Web Platform: 

Web Platform More Reliable 2x Virtual Memory for 32bit Apps Reduced Cache Recycling Scale and Consolidate 2x Many Connections Decreased Application Response Time Better Performance Significant Drop in CPU SSL 50% Better Performance IIS 6.0 Enhancements in R2 – x64 CPU Utilization for x86 (upper) vs x64 (lower)

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Easier Security Security Configuration Wizard simplifies lockdown Improved Diagnostics Event Tracing in Windows reduces debugging overhead Metabase Auditing tracks config changes WC3 Centralized Logging for high site volume scenarios IIS 6.0 Enhancements in R2 – SP1

Web Platform: 

Web Platform Key Benefits Robust, easy to implement & manage collaboration Faster development of powerful, secure Web applications Secure, reliable, .NET-integrated Web platform Key Enablers Windows SharePoint Services, ADFS .NET Framework 2.0 - ASP.NET 2.0, Web Services Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0, x64, SP1

Slide61: 

Active Directory Federation Services UNIX Identity Management Distributed File System Centralized File and Print Consoles File Server Resource Manager Storage Manager for SANs .NET Framework 2.0 Windows SharePoint Services Enterprise Edition licensing change

Change: Windows Server 2003 R2 Licensing Multiple instances per license for EE: 

Change: Windows Server 2003 R2 Licensing Multiple instances per license for EE

Windows Server Virtualization Licensing: 

Windows Server Virtualization Licensing 1 install = 1 license SAN or file server w/ many images Servers (i.e. devices) Multiple instances per device

Summary: 

Summary Windows Server 2003 R2 Principal Scenarios Identity and Access Management Efficient Storage Management Simplified Branch Server Management Improved Web Platform Cost-Effective Virtualization UNIX Interoperability

Editions and Features: 

Editions and Features * Only one of the replication partners is required to be an Enterprise Edition or Datacenter Edition

Slide66: 

© 2005 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. This presentation is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this summary. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.

Appendix A: 

Appendix A Web Services for Management

Web Services for Management: 

Web Services for Management WS-Management benefits: Allows organization to use a secure and firewall-friendly remote management protocol. Enables cross-firewall remote management of servers using WMI via HTTP and SOAP. Enables management of remote servers when the operating system is not running in a pre-boot and post-crash scenario such as a change boot order or power-cycle. Hardware management scenarios: Events raised in the hardware system event log (SEL) are also displayed in he Windows event log. Sensor values and probes can be read and set through a new WMI provider such as status of fan speed and temperature. Allows IPMI to be accessible to all management tools and scripts that use WMI. Windows Remote Management Service is Microsoft's implementation of the new Web Services for Management (WS-Management) protocol

Appendix B: 

Appendix B UNIX Interoperability

UNIX Interoperability: 

UNIX Interoperability Customer Challenges Customers with heterogeneous systems want to use UNIX applications in Windows environment Developers want to take advantage of robustness of new development environments Goal Compile and run custom UNIX-based applications on computers running Windows server-class operating systems Integrate with latest developer tools Features Subsystem for UNIX Applications (SUA) Built for Visual Studio® 2005 and .NET Framework 2.0 UNIX to Windows application portability (Visual Studio & .NET)

UNIX Interoperability: 

UNIX Interoperability Customer Situation Customer has existing UNIX systems running side by side with Windows systems and needs to share files and data between platforms Customer is using SAMBA for cross-platform file sharing but is unhappy with the solution due to Performance Security One-way authentication Lack of support Windows Server 2003 R2 provides Seamless UNIX/Windows Interoperability Authenticating users across platforms File sharing across multiple operating systems Tested and supported by Microsoft

UNIX Interoperability: 

UNIX Interoperability Customer Situation Customer wishes to have a single mechanism for management of both UNIX and Windows systems instead of maintaining separate tools and methods for each platform Windows Server 2003 R2 provides UNIX/Windows cross-platform management Consolidation of administration and monitoring across platforms Remotely monitor and administer Windows-based systems in the same fashion and with the same tools as UNIX-based systems Pull NIS schema into Active Directory Bidirectional Password Sync, user name mapping Password Synchronization Two-way between Windows and UNIX HP-UX 11i Sun Solaris 8 & 9 IBM AIX 5L 5.2 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Mapping Server Map Windows User and Group Accounts to UNIX Cross-platform Management

UNIX Interoperability: 

UNIX Interoperability Customer Situation Customer is concerned about resource investment in training UNIX-based IT staff on the Windows platform Windows Server 2003 R2 allows the customer to leverage existing UNIX IT skills Similar look and feel for Administrators and Developers in both environments Customers can download or port the same utilities they use on UNIX/Linux BSD utilities GNU utilities SVR-5 utilities UNIX Skills Integration

UNIX Interoperability: 

UNIX Interoperability Customer Situation Customer cannot move off of “burning platform” because of dependency on custom-developed legacy code Windows Server 2003 R2 provides UNIX to Windows Application Portability Application usage across environments Complete UNIX subsystem on the Windows Kernel UNIX Application Portability Integration Methods Direct invocation Pipes Sockets Shared memory COM XML web service