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Development of Modern Electronic Industries I: 

高啟清博士 Charles Kao, Ph.D Tel: 02-2601-0700 Mobile: 0939-268-725 cckao@csun.com.tw Development of Modern Electronic Industries I V2.3 2007/2/26

Topics: 

Topics Objectives: Understand history of modern electronic industry Importance of photolithography Electronics Market Concept Development of Communication Electronics Development of Computers Development of Semiconductor Industry Development of Printed Circuit Board

6 Categories of Electronic Equipment: 

6 Categories of Electronic Equipment Computer & Business Equipment Communication Consumer electronics Automobile Instrumentation & Medical Military & Aerospace Source: Prismark, 2000 Reliability Issue!

3C Products in 20th Century: 

3C Products in 20th Century Communication Telegraph Telephone Radio Wireless phone Mobile Cellular Internet Fiber optics Computer Mechanical Vacuum tube based Transistor based Integrated Circuit based Main frame / Mini computer Microcomputer (PC) Networking Evolution: From Analog to Digital More Mbits/sec Data comm & Voice comm to Video comm Evolution: Faster speed More function Lower cost

3C Products in 20th Century (2): 

3C Products in 20th Century (2) Consumer Electronics Audio Vacuum tube radio Transistor radio, AM, FM Walkman: Tape Discman: CD MP3: IC Video VCR Camcorder DSC Digital Video Recorder Digital Audio/Video DAT, MD Compact disc VCD: MPEG1 DVD: MPEG2 Display Television: black/white Color TV PDP, LCD TV Others IAs Calculator Game console PDA, electronic paper,… Evolution: From Analog to Digital Increase media storage size

Drivers for Major Economic Waves: 

Drivers for Major Economic Waves ? ??

Silicon Drives the Electronic Industry: 

Silicon Drives the Electronic Industry Source: Prismark, 2000 PCB accounts for 3~4% value of electronic equipment

Development of Communication Electronics: 

Development of Communication Electronics

Transfer information over long distance: 

Transfer information over long distance Begin as simple On/Off For info/Data communication Using Fire: Barnfire 魔戒-烽火台 Using electricity: Morse code, Telegraph w/ wire Using radio wave: Radio telegraph, w/o wire Analog era, more bandwidth For Voice communication Using electric current, radio wave Voice communication: Radio, Telephone Video, Television

Communication Progress: 

Communication Progress Combine Data & Voice & Video comm Telephone: w/ wire Radio: w/o wire Mobile: wireless Analog, 1978 AMPS,… Digital, 2G, 1982 GSM, PCS,… Digital w/ text, 2.5G, GPRS,… Digital w/ video, 3G Digital & Networking era Internet network Internet VOIP Wireless network Fiber optics network

Electromagnetism and Radio: 

Electromagnetism and Radio 1729 Gray transmitted electricity over a wire. 1753 Morrison suggest electricity might transmit messages. 1820 Oersted discovered Electromagnetism, 1821 Faraday on inductance, 1830 Henry transmit 1st electric signal. 1837 Morse invented Telegraph, get patent in 1848. 1865 Maxwell predicted electromagnetic wave can be transmitted through air. 1886 Hertz made 1st Radio Wave Transmission. 1896 Marconi made 1st short range Radio. 1901 Marconi made 1st transatlantic radio transmission.

Morse’s Original Telegraph: 

Morse’s Original Telegraph Morse invent wired telegraph in 1837 Apply for patent in 1838 U.S Patent #6,420 granted in 1848

Marconi’s First Radio: 

Marconi’s First Radio Guglielmo Marconi (1874~1937) filed British Patent #12039 on 2nd of June, 1896 1897, formed Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company 1901 Dec 12, 1st transatlantic radio Win 1909 Nobel prize in Physics 1912 Apr 14, the Titanic tragedy prompt more $ into radio research 1920, BBC begin broadcast

Vacuum Tube and Telephone: 

Vacuum Tube and Telephone 1860 Philipp Reis develops a "telephon." 1876 Bell invented Telephone, and receive patent American Bell Founded in 1877, Telephone patent expired in 1894, competitors mushrooms Bell renamed as AT&T in 1895 Telephone call limited by signal decay over line Long distance telephone require signal boost 1898 J.J.Thomson discovered Electron. 1906 De Forest invented the Vacuum Tube Named Audion, a triode 1911 AT&T bought patent

Bell’s Telephone in 1876: 

Bell’s Telephone in 1876 1914/July AT&T made 1st transcontinental telephone 3,400 miles, 3 boost stations, using vacuum tube as amplifier Jan/25, 1915, Bell call from New York to San Francisco 1927 AT&T made 1st transatlantic telephone

Quantum Mechanics and Semiconductor: 

Quantum Mechanics and Semiconductor 1900~20s Quantum Mechanics – the early years Planck, de Broglie, Schroedinger, Heidelberg, … Photon’s dual characteristics of wave and particle, Uncertainty principle 1930s~45 Semiconductor Study – the War years Study electrons in crystals as waves, some material conduct and not conduct electricity During WWII, Germanium rectifiers (diode) developed for radio and RADAR, to translate the reflected radio signal into the direct current to displayed on monitoring scope

Transistor Development at Bell Lab: 

Transistor Development at Bell Lab 1945 Bell Lab establish the Solid State Physics group To study solid state amplifier 1947 1st Point-Contact Transistor: Bell Lab, Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain On germanium and two gold point contacts 1948 1st Junction Transistor Bell Lab, Shockley, P/N-junction 1948 Bell Lab get 2 patents for transistor 1951 Bell demonstrated 1st working junction transistor 1956 Nobel prize to the 3 guys

Commercialize Transistor: 

Commercialize Transistor 1951 Bell Lab license transistor patent To 26 companies: IBM, GE, TI, Sony,…at $25,000 each 1949 1st commercial Transistor Raytheon CK703 point contract transistor 1954 1st transistor Radio Regency TR1, use 4 germanium transistors 1954 1st Silicon Transistor TI, Teal and others Transistor radio development Lead to Rock-&-roll era 1955 Sony make TR55Begin Japanese electronic dynasty

Mobile / Cellular Communication: 

Mobile / Cellular Communication 1946 1st commercial mobile phone (radio) 1962 1st communication satellite Telstar launched 1979 1st commercial cellular phone in Tokyo 1979~83 American AMPS, analog 1G 1982~91 European GSM, 2G 1983 TI release single chip DSP 2000~ 3G

Motorola’s 1st handheld Cell Phone: 

Motorola’s 1st handheld Cell Phone Motorola file a patent for Cellular Radio System in Oct 17, 1973 Granted US patent #3,906,166 in Sep 16, 1975 Source: http://www.privateline.com/PCS/history.htm Mobile telephone history

Development of Computers: 

Development of Computers

Calculation at Great Speed: 

Calculation at Great Speed Why do so much Calculation In 18/19 century Mathematic table: Log, Tri…… Marine table, stars, insurance, engineering In 19/20 century British: Bank Clearing house, Check exchange U.S.A.: Census Bureau, Population statistics Accounting: Book keeping: IBM, NCR 1944, Harvard Mark I 1st Automatic calculating machine Mechanical parts. Evolution: Faster speed More function Lower cost

WWII German Enigma: 

WWII German Enigma Enigma Machine: mechanical rotor wheels with electrical wiring connections Before WWII: Enigma Ciphers machine developed by Lorenz for commercial use During WWII: German Army and Navy use Enigma to encrypt military messages. Up to 6 rotors added After WWII: diplomatic use

Poland Break the Enigma Code: 

Poland Break the Enigma Code Polish Mathematician Rejewski deduct the internal wiring of the wheels and enable cryptographers to build replicas of Enigma Polish secret service use cyclometer to try out German daily message code settings

British Efforts in Code Breaking: 

British Efforts in Code Breaking Must break the Enigma code to save Britain from German submarine attack over the Atlantic. At 3 rotors, 263=17,576 possible machine state With 6 wheels to choose, 6x17,576 = 105,456 states With 10-pair letters connect in plug board = 15x1018 states Need Great Calculating Power To Solve the Puzzle At Bletchley Park,

Bletchley Park Break the Enigma: 

Bletchley Park Break the Enigma 1939 Ultra’s Bombe (炸彈機) Cambridge mathematician Alan Turing’s study break German’s Enigma encryption code. Calculator with mechanical gears 1943 Colossus MK1 Machine break Lorenz code in 1944 Colossus computer has electrical wiring and optical reader, and can do logic operations. All 10 Colossus will dismantled and the design drawing burn in 1960

Generation of Computers: 

Generation of Computers

American Computer Development: 

American Computer Development Moore School of EE, University of Pennsylvania 1935, BRL, Ballistics Research Laboratory, use desktop calculator to calculate firing table of Naval and Army guns 1943, ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) project begins 1st Computer ENIAC 1945/Nov. complete 17,468 Vacuum Tube, Occupy 30x50 ft2 room 5,000 addition/second Program: plug board & switches

American/British Efforts after War: 

American/British Efforts after War 1945 A Draft Report on the EDVAC Describe stored program computer EDVAC report inspires EDSAC, BINAC, IAS, AVIDAC,… 1946, IBM SECC calculate scientific table 50 multiply/sec, w/ 12,500 vacuum tubes 1946~49, Cambridge, EDSAC 1st stored program computer with vacuum tube 1947~49 Manchester MK I With vacuum tube

Cold World Years – Real Time System: 

Cold World Years – Real Time System 1945~53, MIT develop Whirlwind I 125,000 Adds/sec, w/ magnetic core Lincoln laboratory Need a system to track incoming bombers and direct interceptor and gun fires at the target. Transfer to IBM/SAGE (AN/FSQ-7)

American Transistor Computer: 

American Transistor Computer 1955 TRADIC (TRanisitorized Airborne DIgital Computer ) 1st Transistor Computer Bell Lab, for US Air Forces for airborne use 700 point contact transistors, 10,000 Germanium diodes, size only 3 ft3 1,000,000 logic operation/second

The First Integrated Circuit: 

The First Integrated Circuit 1958 1st Integrated Circuit: T+R+C 1958 Texas Instrument / Kilby, did get patent 1959 Fairchild / Noyce, did not get patent Using photolithographic process to make ICs

Simple Integrated Circuit: 

Simple Integrated Circuit Transistor and passive components on the same substrate Capacitor + npn transistor + Resistor

Integrated Circuit and Computer: 

Integrated Circuit and Computer 1945 idea of FET: Bell Lab, Shockley 1960 1st Field Effect Transistor Bell Lab, Atalla MOSFET is the basis of modern ICs 1962 IC for military use, 6 active device, US$50/pcs 1967 TI sold 1st handheld calculator with IC 1971 Intel develop 4004, the 1st Microprocessor with 4 bit 1972 1st CMOS developed RCA, Medwin TI calculator

Mainframe Computers 60~70s: 

Mainframe Computers 60~70s Scientific & Data Processing; FORTRAN, COBAL

Mini Computer to Workstation 70~80s : 

Mini Computer to Workstation 70~80s More freedom, higher utilization, lower cost 1961 MIT Time sharing system 1964 Dartmouth time sharing system (DTSS) 1964 Dartmouth BASIC 1969~74 Bell Lab develop UNIX & C

Micro Computer Comes on Stage 90s: 

Micro Computer Comes on Stage 90s 1985 Intel released 80386 microprocessor Ramp-up Taiwan’s PC and IC industry 1985 Microsoft released Windows 1.0 Graphics user interface, software industry 1990 Microsoft released Windows 3.0 1993 Intel released Pentium processor

Moore's Law Will Continues: 

Moore's Law Will Continues Intel’s Moore predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors per integrated circuit would double every 18 months. 4004 has 2250, P4 has 42 million transistors in 2000.

Deep Blue vs. Mr. Garry Kasparov : 

Deep Blue vs. Mr. Garry Kasparov Mr. Kasparov is the Chess world Champion IBM Deep Blue is the RS6000 system 1996 match: Kasparov beat Deep Blue 4-2 1997 rematch: Deep Blue beat Kasparov 3.5-2.5

The Internet Era – 21 Century : 

The Internet Era – 21 Century 1969 ARPAnet on line 1974 Telenet, 1979 USENET 1982 TCP/IP is standard for APRANET 1991 CERN release 1st Web server 1991 US NSF approve Internet for commercial use 1992 US begins NII project put optical super highway Netscape vs. IE 2000, Internet bubble bursts Yahoo, Amazon, eBay, Google, Skype Napster: MP3

The End of this Topic: 

The End of this Topic