Lec 08 FO1 06 Urbanisation

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GEOG 101b Introduction to Human Geography: 

GEOG 101b Introduction to Human Geography Lecture 08 Week 5 Human settlements and urban development Urbanisation: historical perspective and processes

Contents: 

Contents Concepts and terms Origins of urbanisation The beginnings of global urbanisation Urban growth processes Central Place Theory

1. Concepts and terms: 

1. Concepts and terms Urban = settlement (town, city) minimum of 1,000 persons (1996 Census Canada) Urbanized areas urbanisation = process of…. Urban system = set of urban settlements within a region Urban form = physical structure Urbanism = values and behaviour, urban way of life

2. Origins of urbanisation: 

2. Origins of urbanisation Areas of agricultural surplus and early settlements: Tigris-Euphrates region Nile valley Indus valley Central America (Maya and Aztec) North China

Slide5: 

Market places Ex.: Venice, Baghdad Military, defence & administrative centres Athens Ceremonial centres Chinese ancient centres Transportation networks

Rome: 

Rome Piazza Navona Colosseum

Paris: 

Paris

Pre-requisites for urbanisation (Gideon Sjoberg 1960): 

Favorable "ecological base” Advanced technology Complex social structure Pre-requisites for urbanisation (Gideon Sjoberg 1960)

Classification of urban places : 

Classification of urban places Folk / Pre-literate Feudal Pre-industrial Urban-industrial Post-industrial (The Pre-industrial City: Past and Present Gideon Sjoberg 1960)

3. The beginnings of global urbanisation: 

3. The beginnings of global urbanisation Early urban centres (In Eurasia from England to west Japan = urban banana) (16thC) Ur at the Nile river Mercantile city (16th, 17th C) Copenhagen, Lisbon Manufacturing city (19th - 20th C) Chicago, Detroit Modern city (20th -21th C) Canberra, Brasilia

Recent urban growth: 

Recent urban growth

4. Urban growth processes: 

4. Urban growth processes Urbanization and economic development Economic base Non-basic functions Basic functions (generate exports) “Cumulative causation process” Threshold effect

Urban growth rates: 

Urban growth rates

Urban growth through upward cumulative processes: 

Urban growth through upward cumulative processes

Urban hierarchy: 

Urban hierarchy Hamlet Village Town Hinterland (surrounding service area) City Metropolis, metropolitan area Megacity (> 10 Mio. Inhabitants)

Canada’s urban hierarchy: 

Canada’s urban hierarchy

What is a primate city ?: 

What is a primate city ? largest city in a country metropolis, gateway, world city central place

4. Central Place Theory: 

4. Central Place Theory Centrality: Central Place theory (Walter Christaller) Calculation of the degree of centrality of various places: Central goods and services Range of sale Distribution of functions