Outline:
Outline Where do land property rights come from?
Why are they important, in general…
… and for indigenous peoples in particular?
Ways to increase tenure security of indigenous peoples
Impact of more secure indigenous land rights
Where do land property rights come from?:
Where do land property rights come from? Evolution with population growth
Imposition by outside forces
These two factors shape land relations
Rapid dynamics with increasing land scarcity and land values
Increasing market integration provides opportunities and risks
Why are they important, in general…:
Why are they important, in general… Social peace and good governance
Reduce conflict and civil strife
Minimize discretionary bureaucratic action and corruption
Economic growth
Provide incentives for investment, including human capital
Reduce biased provision of public goods, make markets more transparent
Unequal distribution hampers long-term growth
Poverty reduction
Land is key asset for the poor
Facilitate consumption smoothing, provide social insurance
…and for indigenous peoples in particular:
…and for indigenous peoples in particular Address the historical expulsion from, lack of recognition of, and/or enforcement of original land rights
Consolidate what is a major source of social and cultural cohesion
Increase opportunities to benefit from increasing market integration
Reduce risks of further exclusion
Implications of ILO 169, territoriality
Ways to increase tenure security of indigenous peoples:
Ways to increase tenure security of indigenous peoples Constitutional / legal recognition
Titling and physical demarcation
Conflict resolution
Enforcement by the State
Community involvement, mobilization
Training on legal, economic, technical issues
Impact of more secure indigenous land rights:
Impact of more secure indigenous land rights Investment impact of more secure tenure
Higher investment opportunities and/or partnerships
Increased land values and incomes
Reduced poverty
Transferability adds considerably to this
Even when credit is not an option
Equity benefits
Less effort to secure property rights
Improved local governance, less manipulation by the State, outsiders
Natural resource conservation and management