LPG Vehicle: LPG Vehicle Introducing LPG Vehicle which is ecological and complies with variety of resources Yasuo Nakahara Toyota Motor Corporation 10 January 2001


Agenda: Agenda (1) Safety of LPG vehicles (2) Introducing the LPG-taxi in Hong Kong (3) Comparison on Performance of LPG vehicle and others (CNG, Petrol & Diesel) (4) Future Consideration


Slide3: (1) Safety of LPG vehicles


UIO of LPG vehicles around the world: UIO of LPG vehicles around the world The situation of how LPG vehicles are used worldwide Government Project: Success & expansion in HK and Australia


UIO of LPG-taxi in Japan: UIO of LPG-taxi in Japan Approx. 260,000 units are recorded ・From 1905~No explosion accidents reported ・From 1990~No accidents in fire reported


Outline of LPG Engine System: Outline of LPG Engine System 　 Safety Device of LPG Engine System Although the ignition switch is turned on in case of starter is off and engine revolution is under 15r.p.m, the Solenoid Valves do not open and LPG is not supplied to the engine. It is confirmed at our collision test that LPG Regular is located on safety area.


Slide7: Safety Device (I) In case of the pressure in the LPG tank increases due to abnormal heat, etc, the safety valve releases the pressure by discharging gas out and cools down the LPG tank by evaporation. Therefore, the safety valve will be discharging gas out intermittently in order to control the pressure and prevent damage of LPG tank. In case of a pressure in the LPG tank increase, the expansion volume (15%) will absorb any increasing pressure by liquid expansion and prevent damage of LPG tank. 1 2 3 1 2 3


Slide8: Charging Valve (Gray Color) This valve will open when refilling of fuel. In case of the pressure in the LPG tank increases abnormally safety valve will discharges gas. 1


Slide9: Outlet Valve (Red Color) This valve take out gas to engine and ordinary full-open. The overflow protector valve is fitted at the tip (inside the LPG tank) of this valve. In case fuel pipe to the engine is broken in an accident, etc, fuel flow will be shut off by this device to prevent leaking gas. In case of fire hazard, close this valve, and keep away from the vehicle. 2


Slide10: Overcharge Protector Valve When the fuel is filled up to 85% the valve will prevent LPG to being overcharge. 3


Slide11: LPG Tank Semi-Container Outside the vehicle Charging Valve Outlet Valve


Slide12: Safety Device (II) 4 5 4 5


Slide13: (2) Introducing LPG-taxi in Hong Kong


Slide14: How we introduced LPG-taxi in Hong Kong tank Change of Inlet Valve from Japanese type to Australian type Addition of Non-return Valve


Slide15: (3) Comparison on performance of LPG vehicle and others


Comparison on Performance: 1: Volume of Emission is large/Poor engine performance/High cost 2: Volume of Emission is larger/Engine performance is not good/Higher cost 3: Volume of Emission is smaller/Good engine performance/Lower cost 4: Volume of Emission is small/Great engine performance/Low cost Comparison on Performance Comparison of CNG, LPG, Petrol, and Diesel Vehicles Comparison on emission, fuel consumption, Maintenance cost and usefulness Type of Fuel Petrol Diesel ＣＯ2 4 3 2 4 ＣＯ 4 4 3 3 ＨＣ 3 3 3 2 PM 4 4 4 2 Engine performance 2 → 3 (w/MPI) 3 → 4 (w/MPI) 4 4 Cost 1 3 4 3 NOx 3 3 3 2 CNG LPG


Slide17: Logic of Emission of CO2 Type of Fuel Petrol LPG Molecular Structure Petrol=100 C8H18 C4H10 CH4 0.302 0.277 0.236 100 92 78 G-CO2/kcal CNG


Operating Cost: Operating Cost Case study of Hong Kong(Nov.,1997→Nov.,1998) Diesel LPG Fuel Consumption HK$/km km/Litre 0.78 0.64 8.88 7.36 Most of the maintenance items of LPG taxi were the same as that of diesel taxi and their repair costs were comparable.


Special Design for Hong Kong: Special Design for Hong Kong More Legroom Handle of luggage is easier Get on and off is easier


Slide20: Comparison of CNG and LPG at 10-15mode fuel consumption at same tank　volume at 200kg/cm(CNG） CNG LPG １/3 １ Price of LPG in Japan is ￥５５／Liter and CNG is￥８０／Liter equivalent gasoline Driving range Engine Power １ １ ＊ Fuel　tank (steel） Weight Air pressure of tank Heavy 200 Medium 5~8 Reliability ex/ friction in engine　valve seat　 High ＊ Low　 reported ＊ There are only 5,000 units CNG-taxi in Japan. Remarks　 LPG 96 Liter：40kg CNG 168 Liter：131kg Bigger and heavier tank is needed to maintain the same cruising range ＊ 0.9 when only fuel is substituted


Slide21: (4) Future Consideration of LPG Vehicles


Slide22: Future consideration of LPG vehicles To have the similar output and emission as petrol vehicle


Conclusion: Conclusion LPG vehicles are safe, their emission is small and their cost is low Highly reliable as a taxi-cab Highly recommend to introduce our LPG-taxi in Singapore