23aintrotophotography

Intro to Photography: 

Intro to Photography Using photographs to illustrate stories

Using photos to illustrate documents: 

Using photos to illustrate documents What pictures add to text How photography works How photos become printable half-tones Photos and document design Composition, poses, lighting

1 What do pictures add to text?: 

1 What do pictures add to text? l Illustrate relationships l Persuade and move the viewer l Capture personality l Freeze a moment l Combine with layout to produce art Pictures help tell the story

Photography 101: 

Photography 101 Goal is to use camera to control image on film Controls include: Film Speed Graininess Letting light into the camera How Much light? How Long Focus

What a Film Camera Does: 

What a Film Camera Does Light is reflected off a subject Passes through lens Strikes film Image preserved Results Image is upside down Image is reversed so it is a negative Image must be transferred from negative to positive

What happens in the darkroom: 

What happens in the darkroom Film removed from canister in total darkness Film processed: developer, stop, fixer, and wash Negatives created Contact sheet printed 1:1 ratio Selected negative placed in enlarger Photosensitive paper placed under enlarger and exposed Paper processed: developer, stop, fixer, and wash

Film Camera types: 

Film Camera types For average consumer Fixed-focus and Single-use Point-and-shoot For hobbyists and many commercial photographers Single Lens Reflex (SLR) For professional artists and photographers View cameras and square format cameras give complete control over speed, aperture, focus

Types of consumer film cameras: 

Types of consumer film cameras Point-and-Shoot Viewfinder is simple window through body of camera. You don't see the real image formed by the camera lens, but you get a rough idea of what is in view. Less expensive Usually autofocus and auto control of shutter speed 35mm or APS film Makes prints and slides Built-in flash SLR camera You see the actual real image that the film will see. More expensive Interchangeable lenses Manual or autofocus Manual control of shutter speed 35mm film Black & white or color transparencies or prints Enlargements Coordinated flash

Digital Camera types: 

Digital Camera types Compacts Less expensive, smaller, lighter Viewfinder is screen Grainier, less detailed photos [<7 megapixels] Small light sensor [5.7mm x 4.2mm] Digital SLR Sharper pictures [7-10 megapixels] Viewfinder is optical glass eyepiece Big light sensor [21.5mm x 14.4mm]

How a Digital Camera works: 

How a Digital Camera works ◊ NO film; images saved on memory chip Image sensor is CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE (CCD); some use cheaper COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS) CCD is collection of tiny light-sensitive diodes called photosites, which convert photons (light) into electrons (electrical charge) Each photosite is sensitive to light—the brighter the light that hits a single photosite, the greater the electrical charge that will accumulate at that site

Film: 

Film Speed Graininess and resolution

Film speed and resolution: 

Film speed and resolution Film speed measures how fast emulsion reacts to light Film has grains of chemical emulsion on acetate The more grains there are, the longer it takes to expose film, the slower the film, the higher the resolution Resolution is the amount of detail film can capture

Film Speed: 

Film Speed ASA/ISO/DIN number tells speed

Film speed + exposure time = freeze action or blur motion: 

Film speed + exposure time = freeze action or blur motion PhotoShop lets you add motion blur, but it can’t really sharpen an image that is blurred Slower film and longer exposure can give image a sense of motion Fast film and short exposure time can freeze action

Graininess is result of film size: 

Graininess is result of film size 35mm image size is 24mm  36mm Ratio is 2:3 Contact sheet is printed 1:1 Enlargements 31⁄2  5 snapshot is about 3 as big as negative 4  6 is 4 as big 5  7 is 5 35mm film image area is (15/16 x 17/16 inches) 35mm More you enlarge, the more the grain of the film is visible

Digital Camera Resolution: 

Digital Camera Resolution Resolution is the amount of detail a camera can capture, measured in pixels. The more pixels, the more detail it can capture, the more you can blow up a picture before it becomes "grainy" and starts to look out-of-focus

Digital Camera Resolution: 

Digital Camera Resolution

2. Letting light into the camera: 

2. Letting light into the camera How Much light? How Long do you let light hit film/chip?

How much light hits film?: 

How much light hits film? Opening is called iris or ƒ-stop Bigger opening = MORE LIGHT Smaller opening = LESS LIGHT Depth of field = how much of the picture will be in focus Less depth of field More depth of field

Focus…: 

Focus… …on what’s important …on what’s interesting/artistic Use depth of field to draw attention to center of interest Focus

Open and Close Aperture: 

Open and Close Aperture Bigger opening = MORE LIGHT Smaller opening = LESS LIGHT

How long does light hit film?: 

How long does light hit film? Shutter speed Fast shutter = LESS LIGHT Motion is frozen Slow shutter = MORE LIGHT Motion will show up as a blur