Introduction: Introduction Chapter 1


Uses of Computer Networks: Uses of Computer Networks Business Applications Home Applications Mobile Users Social Issues


Business Applications of Networks: Business Applications of Networks A network with two clients and one server.


Business Applications of Networks (2): Business Applications of Networks (2) The client-server model involves requests and replies.


Home Network Applications: Home Network Applications Access to remote information Person-to-person communication Interactive entertainment Electronic commerce


Home Network Applications (2): Home Network Applications (2) In peer-to-peer system there are no fixed clients and servers.


Home Network Applications (3): Home Network Applications (3) Some forms of e-commerce.


Mobile Network Users: Mobile Network Users Combinations of wireless networks and mobile computing.


Network Hardware: Network Hardware Local Area Networks Metropolitan Area Networks Wide Area Networks Wireless Networks Home Networks Internetworks


Broadcast Networks: Broadcast Networks Types of transmission technology Broadcast links Point-to-point links


Broadcast Networks (2): Broadcast Networks (2) Classification of interconnected processors by scale.


Local Area Networks: Local Area Networks Two broadcast networks (a) Bus (b) Ring


Metropolitan Area Networks: Metropolitan Area Networks A metropolitan area network based on cable TV.


Wide Area Networks: Wide Area Networks Relation between hosts on LANs and the subnet.


Wide Area Networks (2): Wide Area Networks (2) A stream of packets from sender to receiver.


Wireless Networks: Wireless Networks Categories of wireless networks: System interconnection Wireless LANs Wireless WANs


Wireless Networks (2): Wireless Networks (2) (a) Bluetooth configuration (b) Wireless LAN


Wireless Networks (3): Wireless Networks (3) (a) Individual mobile computers (b) A flying LAN


Home Network Categories: Home Network Categories Computers (desktop PC, PDA, shared peripherals Entertainment (TV, DVD, VCR, camera, stereo, MP3) Telecomm (telephone, cell phone, intercom, fax) Appliances (microwave, fridge, clock, furnace, airco) Telemetry (utility meter, burglar alarm, babycam).


Network Software: Network Software Protocol Hierarchies Design Issues for the Layers Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services Service Primitives The Relationship of Services to Protocols


Network SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies: Network Software Protocol Hierarchies Layers, protocols, and interfaces.


Protocol Hierarchies (2): Protocol Hierarchies (2) The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.


Protocol Hierarchies (3): Protocol Hierarchies (3) Example information flow supporting virtual communication in layer 5.


Design Issues for the Layers: Design Issues for the Layers Addressing Error Control Flow Control Multiplexing Routing


Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services: Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services Six different types of service.


Service Primitives: Service Primitives Five service primitives for implementing a simple connection-oriented service.


Service Primitives (2): Service Primitives (2) Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.


Services to Protocols Relationship: Services to Protocols Relationship The relationship between a service and a protocol.


Reference Models: Reference Models The OSI Reference Model The TCP/IP Reference Model A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model


Reference Models: Reference Models The OSI reference model.


Reference Models (2): Reference Models (2) The TCP/IP reference model.


Reference Models (3): Reference Models (3) Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.


Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models: Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models Concepts central to the OSI model Services Interfaces Protocols


A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols: A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols Why OSI did not take over the world Bad timing Bad technology Bad implementations Bad politics


Bad Timing: Bad Timing The apocalypse of the two elephants.


A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model: A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model Problems: Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished Not a general model Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer No mention of physical and data link layers Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replace


Hybrid Model: Hybrid Model The hybrid reference model to be used in this book.


Example Networks: Example Networks The Internet Connection-Oriented Networks: X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM Ethernet Wireless LANs: 802:11


The ARPANET: The ARPANET (a) Structure of the telephone system. (b) Baran’s proposed distributed switching system.


The ARPANET (2): The ARPANET (2) The original ARPANET design.


The ARPANET (3): The ARPANET (3) Growth of the ARPANET (a) December 1969. (b) July 1970. (c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) September 1972.


NSFNET: NSFNET The NSFNET backbone in 1988.


Internet Usage: Internet Usage Traditional applications (1970 – 1990) E-mail News Remote login File transfer


Architecture of the Internet: Architecture of the Internet Overview of the Internet.


ATM Virtual Circuits: ATM Virtual Circuits A virtual circuit.


ATM Virtual Circuits (2): ATM Virtual Circuits (2) An ATM cell.


The ATM Reference Model: The ATM Reference Model The ATM reference model.


The ATM Reference Model (2): The ATM Reference Model (2) The ATM layers and sublayers and their functions.


Ethernet: Ethernet Architecture of the original Ethernet.


Wireless LANs: Wireless LANs (a) Wireless networking with a base station. (b) Ad hoc networking.


Wireless LANs (2): Wireless LANs (2) The range of a single radio may not cover the entire system.


Wireless LANs (3): Wireless LANs (3) A multicell 802.11 network.


Network Standardization: Network Standardization Who’s Who in the Telecommunications World Who’s Who in the International Standards World Who’s Who in the Internet Standards World


ITU: ITU Main sectors Radiocommunications Telecommunications Standardization Development Classes of Members National governments Sector members Associate members Regulatory agencies


IEEE 802 Standards: IEEE 802 Standards The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The ones marked with  are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.


Metric Units: Metric Units The principal metric prefixes.