dooling

Observations of electrons in the Intense Pulse Neutron Source (IPNS) Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS)J. C. Dooling, F. R. Brumwell, W. S. Czyz, K.C. Harkay, M. K. Lien, and G. E. McMichaelArgonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA presented to theMidwest Accelerator Physics Collaboration MeetingJune 11, 2003Argonne National Laboratory : 

Observations of electrons in the Intense Pulse Neutron Source (IPNS) Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) J. C. Dooling, F. R. Brumwell, W. S. Czyz, K.C. Harkay, M. K. Lien, and G. E. McMichael Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA presented to the Midwest Accelerator Physics Collaboration Meeting June 11, 2003 Argonne National Laboratory

Introduction—Electron Sources: 

Introduction—Electron Sources Production of electrons in high intensity machines can have significant impact on beam stability and lifetime. Electrons come from several sources: Stripping of H- Photo-ionization Background gas ionization (high pressure) SE, Multipacting, may lead to E-P and other instabilities; also, plasma formation

Ionization and Neutralization: 

Ionization and Neutralization Ave. pressure in IPNS RCS: 1-2 mT N2 RCS tn~0.5 ms at injection; acceleration period: 14 ms At PSR, tn~20 ms; store period: <1 ms At 4E12 injected, ng is 2 orders greater than nb

IPNS RCS Diagnostics: 

IPNS RCS Diagnostics Profile and Position System (PAPS) IPM Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) Pie Electrodes Resistive Wall Monitor (RWM)

Beam electric field and potential: 

Beam electric field and potential Assuming a uniform beam, radius rb=1.5 cm and wall radius, rw=3.8 cm 3x1012 protons Bunching factor and frequency folded into peak current

Profile and Position System IPM: 

Profile and Position System IPM

PAPS IPM Data: 

PAPS IPM Data IPM profiles respond to pressure and bias Gaussian fit to data tracks horizontal position (Pie) electrode centroid Ionization bursts observed at injection and after phase modulation (PM) BW~5 kHz

IPM responds to ionization bursts: 

IPM responds to ionization bursts RWM Q and PM

Retarding Field Analyzer—installed in the L5 straight section: 

Retarding Field Analyzer —installed in the L5 straight section Trans-impedance amplifier, 300 kW 76 dB into 50 W

RFA data: 

RFA data Injection Scrambler

RFA issues: 

RFA issues Electron signals intermittent Power supply noise (switching—filter helps) Beam noise (di/dt) Magnetic shielding (not done with present amplifier) Radiation effects from probe at beam elevation

Pie electrodes: 

Pie electrodes Split can (short strip line yielding di/dt) Provides horizontal position information for tuning by operators Beam phase for fast phase feedback control of the rf amplifiers Vertical position Raw, single channel signal provides broadband beam information (motion)

Pie data—H position near PM. Noise increases significantly: 

Pie data—H position near PM. Noise increases significantly 9 ms 10 ms

Pie Electrode spectra from time data: 

Pie Electrode spectra from time data Without scrambler With scrambler Lower hybrid waves? E perpendicular to B

Pie Spectra, con’t: 

Pie Spectra, con’t Spectra without scrambler, full cycle (80 ms frames)

Pie Spectra, con’t : 

Pie Spectra, con’t With scrambler, full cycle (80 ms frames)

Lower Hybrid Drift (LHD) Frequencies: 

Lower Hybrid Drift (LHD) Frequencies LHD frequencies for N+ and OH+

Higher Frequency Spectra500 MS/s, 20 ms window, 10 kS: 

Higher Frequency Spectra 500 MS/s, 20 ms window, 10 kS No scrambler With scrambler

Conclusions: 

Conclusions Electrons present, so are ions (plasma) PM modifies plasma channel, adds stability Large electron signals usually not observed Rarely at injection, more often after scrambler Add magnetic shielding to RFA Include background ions in simulations, especially when intense electron signals suggest significant neutralization. Diagnostics to look directly at or near the beam region e.g., interferometry, spectroscopy, Langmuir probes, Rogowski coils

Acknowledgement: 

Acknowledgement This work would not be possible without the dedication and hard work of the IPNS Accelerator Operations Group, the IPNS and MSD Divisions, and DOE support.