Chapter 5

Chapter 5 : 

Chapter 5

Lesson 1: Geography of South Asia: 

Lesson 1: Geography of South Asia A Diamond Breaks Away A. Subcontinent 1. Large region separated by water and mountains from other land 2. India is a Subcontinent B. How it formed 1. Tectonic plates are moving and pushed India into Asia 2. This formed the Himalaya mountains – The worlds highest mountains 3. Mount Everest world highest point is in the Himalayas 4. These mountains are still growing 5. Places near tectonic plates have many volcanoes and earthquakes

Slide3: 

Snow to Monsoon A. Mountain Ranges 1. Hindu-Kush 2. Himalayas B. Many Landforms 1. Desert 2. Mountains 3. River Valley 4. Plains 5. Plateaus C. Climate 1. 3 Seasons a. Mild to Cool-Oct. – Feb. b. Very Hot March- May c. Monsoon season June- Sept. 2. Monsoon season – a very rainy season all the rain for the year comes at this time

Slide4: 

Great Rivers , Great Plain A. Rivers 1. Indus 2. Ganges 3. Brahmaputra B. Indo-Ganges Plain 1. Flooding rivers spread silt onto plains for fertile farm land 2. Grow- barley, wheat, rice, peas, beans and vegetables 3. Subsistence farming- Many farmers just grow food for themselves or trade in their villages 4. Very populated area of the world 5. Indus Valley one of the worlds oldest civilizations

Slide5: 

IV. Plateau, Coast and Islands A. Deccan Plateau 1. Located on southern tip of India 2. More irrigation is needed because it is dry 3. Very fertile land from volcanic soil 4. Large cotton producing area 5. Ghats mountains on both sides B. Coast and Islands 1. Fishing, rubber, clothing and textile industries

Lesson 2: India and Persia: 

Lesson 2: India and Persia Indus River Valley Civilizations A. people live here 3,500 BC B. civilization began about 2,500 BC in Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro C. Artifact tell us 1. had a system of writing (not decoded) 2. people farmed and stored surplus grain 3. worked with metal, wove cotton, made pottery and crafts 4. bought and traded goods 5. Had religious beliefs (polytheist) D. Complex Civilization 1. people used weights and measurement to build roads and building 2. Cities set up in a grid as many cities are today People had public bath and garbage collection E. Disappeared 1. The civilization of Harappa disappeared suddenly 2. Probably caused by a large natural disaster

Slide7: 

II. The Aryans Arrive A. Migration to Indus Valley’ 1. Migrated from North East Europe around 1500 BC 2. They were nomadic herders with cattle sheep and goats B. Different Culture 1. Spoke Sanskrit – different language 2. Brought the Chariot 3. Started trading towns and villages 4. Left very few artifacts C. Vedas 1. “Book of Knowledge” that contains the writings and legends of the Aryans 2. Before stories were written down they were pasted down orally for hundreds of years

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Aryan Culture Spreads A. Aryan Culture grew into several states B. These states fought for control until one king was victorious C. Social Structure 1. Priests and Teachers (Brahmins) 2. Warriors, Kings, other rulers 3. Cultivators – artisans, traders, merchants 4. Sudras or serfs – lowest position were ordered to farm and serve others D. Aryans grew and ruled from the Indus to the Ganges River E. Persians recognized the wealth of these two areas and began to send armies there

Slide9: 

The Persian Empire Worlds Larges Empire of the time Linked Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Indus Valley in one Empire Founded by Cyrus II and carried on by Darius I Developments Created the empire out of bloodshed and war Built roads to link they entire empire United India with the rest of the world Started Zoroastrianism- Religion of Persia still practiced in Iran today called Parsis

Slide10: 

The First Indian Empire A. Chandragupta Maurya 1. Indian Soldier who started the Mauryan Empire 2. Became tired of his life of luxery and be came a monk ( devoted to religious life) B. Ashoka 1. Took control of the empire 2. Controlled artisans, doctors, and others 3. Had a powerful army and a system of spies 4. Communicated with his people by carving into stone columns 5. After his death rulers were unsuccessful and the empire split into regions 6. Gupta Empire took over

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Arts and Sciences A. Advancements 1. Math - Numbers 0-9, decimals 2. Literature and Poetry flourished 3. Elaborate temples were built 4. Higher education for men only B. Economy 1. Silk, cotton, linen all valuable exports C. Huns took over invading from the north -

Lesson 3: Hinduism: 

Lesson 3: Hinduism Seeds of Belief A. Hinduism probably worlds oldest religion B. No founder, but started by Aryans C. Vedas 1. Rig Veda – oldest of the Vedas 2. Verses are songs to Aryan gods 3. Verses are recited daily by Hindus 4. Verses are still sung today, but have changed over time Gods and Godesses A. Brahman – source and final destination of everything B. Brahman- the creator C. Vishnu – the preserver D. Shiva – the destroyer E. Gang Mai- god of the Ganges River- (giver of water and purifier)

Slide13: 

III. Seven Truths of Reincarnation A. Reincarnation 1. Believe that when a person dies they are reborn. 2. If they lived a good life reborn to better life 3. If they lived a bad life reborn to worse life 4. goal is be reborn being one with Brahman B. Truths 1. Peaceful living, freedom of thought, respect for nature and animals, becoming one with Brahman Way of life Caste System- Social structure of India Caste, Priest and Teachers, Kings and Warriors, farmers and craftsmen, servants (untouchables) Caste is very strict: Marriage, Jobs and social status Caste made illegal in 1950’s, but is still practiced today Vegetarians- many Hindus do not eat meat, get protein from beans and other legumes

Lesson 4: Buddhism: 

Lesson 4: Buddhism Who was Budda A. Siddhartha- was Budda or Enlightened one 1. Born to a king south of Himalayas 2. Left the palace when he was 18 years old and began a lifelong journey II. The Buddha’s Travels A. Joined a group who fasted for six years and practiced meditation to clear the mind B. He left the group and began his journey again C. Traveled and taught people to live a peaceful life D. Taught that all people could have enlightenment

Slide15: 

Four and Eight A. Four Noble Truths See page 143 B. Eight fold Path 1. Three qualities: wisdom, meditation, morality 2. The path provides recommendations on how to live to reach these truths