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Cultural and creative industries in London: 

Cultural and creative industries in London Alan Freeman

What good are the arts?: 

What good are the arts? “You are a clever, generous man, Dymov,” she would say, “but you have one very serious defect. You take absolutely no interest in art. You don't believe in music or painting.” “I don't understand them,” he would say mildly. “I have spent all my life in science and medicine, and I never had time to take an interest in the arts.” “But that's awful, Dymov!” “Why? Your friends don’t know anything about science or medicine, but you don't hold it against them. Everyone does his thing. I don't understand landscapes and operas, but the way I look at it is that if one lot of sensible people devote their lives to them, and another lot of sensible people pay immense sums for them, they must have a use. I don't understand them, but that’s no reason to disbelieve them.” Anton Chekhov, The Grasshopper

Statistical framework: 

Statistical framework OECD framework 2006 European Cultural Strategy and measurement framework http://www.european-creative-industries.eu UK Creative Economy Programme and DCMS framework www.culture.gov.uk London Culture Strategy – Mayoral statutory responsibility Requires an evidence base Creativity: London’s Core Business 2004 update 2005 local area study 2007 update

DCMS definition: 

DCMS definition DCMS method described as ‘Trident’ (Cunningham) A classification system for enterprises (SIC) and occupations (SOC) Production of cultural products by creative workers Production of cultural products by non-creative workers Production of non-cultural products by creative workers EG Musicians in the music industry Stage technicians in the music industry Musicians outside the music industry (eg schools) Slight differences from European standard Excludes heritage ‘Visual and performing Arts’ Arts and Antiques Fashion

A large sector: 

A large sector EU turnover € 654 billion in 2003. Car manufacturing industry € 271 billion in 2001, ICT manufacturers € 541 billion in 2003 2.6% of EU GDP in 2003. Real estate 2.1%; Food, beverage and tobacco manufacturing 1.9%; textiles 0.5%;chemicals, rubber and plastic products industry 2.3% 5.8 million EU employees In UK 1.8 million [probably more extensive defn] In London, 1 in every 5 (550,000) Only Financial and Business Services is bigger

A growth sector: 

A growth sector Europe CI GVA growth 19.7% 1999-2003 Average overall 7.4% Annual world trade growth in cultural products 1980-1998 = 8.7% Average all products 6.2% London 45% employment growth 1994-2001 average whole economy 17%

A historical transition: 

A historical transition

Two crossovers: 

Two crossovers

GLA definition: 

GLA definition A common output, produced by a common process, using a common resource Output: culturally differentiated goods and services Process: production to abstract or imprecise specification Resource: creative labour Technological driver: Remote and multiple service delivery = a productivity revolution in services

How ‘new’ are the cultural and creative industries?: 

How ‘new’ are the cultural and creative industries? Theatre The Book and Print Cotton, Textiles, and the Industrial Revolution The Jacquard Loom, Babbage Colours, Aniline, and the modern chemical industry The Film The Gramophone Modern Times

Fashion: driver of the industrial revolution: 

Fashion: driver of the industrial revolution The history of dress … poses all problems, those of primary materials, of processes of manufacture, of cost price, of cultural fixities, of fashion, and of social hierarchies… At Rumegies rich peasants sacrificed all luxuries for dress. “young men with hats encrusted with gold and silver, and then the rest: girls with foot-high coiffures and other habits in proportion.” Braudel (1979:351) Merchants who were princes in wealth, rather than by birth, were able to outstrip true nobility. Extravagance became so universal that the church and crown thought it necessary to put a check on the ostentatious display of the newly rich. - Kippen (2004)

Where creative jobs locate: 

Where creative jobs locate

Total creative jobs: 

Total creative jobs Source: ABI, LFS, GLA Economics, Trends Business Research Total Creative Employment = workforce employment in the creative industries + creative occupations outside the creative industries

Creative and total employment in London: 

Creative and total employment in London

Public and private sector employment in London: 

Public and private sector employment in London

Creative industries are more volatile still: 

Creative industries are more volatile still

To whom do the creative industries sell their products?: 

To whom do the creative industries sell their products? Source: Office for National Statistics input-output tables 2004

Business-led creative industries make 42% of creative output: 

Business-led creative industries make 42% of creative output Sales by broad creative industry groups

Finance agglomeration: 

Finance agglomeration

Creative agglomeration: 

Creative agglomeration

A pattern of specialisation: 

I = working in Creative industry O= in Creative Occupation O  I = Total Creative Workforce = industry + occupation (DCMS definition) O I = ‘specialist’ workforce (any creative occupation also working in creative industry) O I /O  I = ‘Creative Factor Utilisation’ indicator A pattern of specialisation

Creative and non-creative manufacturing: 

Creative and non-creative manufacturing

Cultural audit of London: 

Cultural audit of London OECD 2006 conference as base for indicators Benchmark Shanghai, Paris, Tokyo, Mumbai, Berlin All aspects of cultural consumption and architecture Cultural inventory (data providers) The industry wants to know about itself Web 2.0 data-gathering techniques Seeking partner cities Seeking official statistical support