2004 WIP PPT 12Nov04

TRAINING SESSION: 

TRAINING SESSION Hazard Identification, Workplace Inspection and Resolution November 2004 Presented By Catherine Drum, BASc(OHS), CRSP EHS Officer, Centre For Environmental Health and Safety Management

Benefits: 

Benefits Comply with legislation (due diligence) Improve housekeeping Reduce unsafe conditions and practices Improve procedures and system effectiveness Determine opportunities for improvement Reduce accident frequencies

What You Will Learn: 

What You Will Learn How to effectively plan an investigation ahead of time Identify useful pre-inspection information (e.g., layout plans, process flow diagrams, MSDS, permits, etc.) Who to talk to and what to look for during the inspection How to identify and assess hazard risk Identify the elements of an effective inspection report, including findings and recommendations for corrective action

Agenda: 

Agenda Hazard Identification Workplace Inspections The 4 step Inspection Process Examples of What to Inspect Examples of Specific Items to Inspect Examples of Descriptive Words to Use Examples of Substandard Conditions

Agenda: 

Agenda Assessing and Controlling Hazards The 4 steps to fixing hazards Supervisor Duties Inspection Report Report Back & Follow-up Responsibilities Summary

HAND-OUTS: 

HAND-OUTS Powerpoint Presentation WIP Procedure WIP Master Checklist WIP Inspection Checklist for Required Department Postings WIP Inspection Recording Form

What is a Hazard?: 

What is a Hazard? A hazard is anything with the potential to cause damage or harm to… People The Environment Property Equipment Processes

Types of Hazards: 

Types of Hazards Safety hazards Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards Ergonomic hazards Environmental hazards

Hazards To Look For: 

Hazards To Look For Safety Hazards Unsafe workplace conditions is a hazardous physical condition or circumstance which could directly permit the occurrence of an accident Unsafe work practices or acts Is a violation of a known or accepted safe procedure which could permit the occurrence of an accident

Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions: 

Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions Inadequate guards or barriers Inadequate or improper protective equipment Defective tools, equipment or materials Lack of proper tools & equipment Poor housekeeping; disorder Poor walking surface Hazardous environmental conditions; gases, dusts, smokes, fumes, vapours Excessive noise exposures (>85 dB)

Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions: 

Examples of Unsafe Workplace Conditions Tools & equipment in need of repair Congestion or restricted action Inadequate warning system Fire and explosion hazards Loose Open holes Poor lighting Inadequate warning system Radiation exposures Temperature Extremes exposures Inadequate or excess illumination Inadequate ventilation

Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts: 

Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts Substandard Work Practices Working in a poorly ventilated area Using defective equipment Using equipment improperly Not wearing P.P.E Horseplay Removing safety devices Making safety devices inoperable Speeding Reckless driving Taking an improper position Operating without authority

Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts: 

Examples of Unsafe Work Practices or Acts Failure to warn others Failure to follow procedures Failure to secure / make safe Improper lifting Improper loading Servicing equipment in motion Under the influence of drugs/alcohol Improper placement Improper position for task

Hazards To Look For: 

Hazards To Look For Chemical Hazards Solids, liquids, vapours, gases, dusts, fumes or mists Flammables, corrosives, toxics, compressed gases, oxidizers Physical Hazards Noise, vibration, energy, electricity, radiation, pressure, moving mechanical parts, extreme heat and cold

Hazards To Look For: 

Hazards To Look For Biological Hazards Bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans. These sources can cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to infections (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS), cancer Ergonomic Hazards Repetitive motions, awkward postures, manual material handling, excessive forces

Hazards To Look For: 

Hazards To Look For Environmental Hazards Comfort factors (temperature and humidity), poor indoor air quality, inadequate ventilation, inadequate or excessive illumination E.g. mould, dirty ceiling vents, dirty/dusty floors, no ventilation, heavy perfumes

What Are These Hazards Related To?: 

What Are These Hazards Related To? The Work Environment E.g. Slippery floors, poor lighting The Way the Work is Organized E.g. Carrying a heavy load a long distance The Equipment, Tools or Substances Used E.g. Toxic chemicals, unguarded machines, damaged power tools

What Are These Hazards Related To?: 

What Are These Hazards Related To? Lack of Information, Training and Supervision Inadequate or Ill Fitting Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Purpose of Workplace Inspections: 

Purpose of Workplace Inspections To identify potential hazards To check if controls are effective and operational To meet legal requirements (in some cases) To collect information from workers and supervisors

Why are Workplace Inspections Important?: 

Why are Workplace Inspections Important? Workplace inspections help prevent injuries and illnesses Inspections identify and record hazards for corrective action Important part of the overall occupational health and safety program

The 4 Step Inspection Process: 

The 4 Step Inspection Process Planning Conducting Reporting Follow-up

Planning—Aspects to Examine: 

Planning—Aspects to Examine A workplace is “any land, premises, location or thing at, upon, in or near which a worker works” At the University, can be labs, offices, shops, kitchens, mechanical rooms, washrooms Every inspection must examine who, what, where, when and how Include areas where no work is done regularly, such as office storage areas Inspections can be themed…for example…

Planning—Aspects to Examine: 

Planning—Aspects to Examine Example Themed Inspection Schedule Month 1: Offices and storage/photocopy room Month 2: Floors, aisles, stairs and Landings Month 3: Labs Month 4: Tools and equipment Month 5: First Aid Station/Box Month 6: Ergonomic Factors Month 7: Work Practices Month 8: Hazardous Materials

Planning—Workplace Elements: 

Planning—Workplace Elements Look at all workplace elements the environment the equipment and the process

Planning—Workplace Elements: 

Planning—Workplace Elements The environment includes hazards such as noise, vibration, lighting, temperature and ventilation Equipment includes materials, tools and apparatus for producing a product or used in a process Process involves how the worker interacts with the other elements in a series of tasks or operations

Planning—What will you need?: 

Planning—What will you need? Floor plan of the relevant areas Checklists Equipment and chemical inventories Copies of previous accident/incident reports and workplace inspections Workplace inspection recording forms

Planning—Floor Plan of the Area: 

Planning—Floor Plan of the Area Can be obtained by calling Campus Planning & Facilities Identifies machinery, equipment and materials Identifies fire exits, hallways, chemical storage Identify rooms…kitchen, meeting room, office ALL AREAS BELONGING TO YOUR DEPARTMENT MUST BE DOCUMENTED…this is the only way to know if you have completed your area.

Planning—Checklists: 

Planning—Checklists Use the checklists provided as a tool…you should be developing your own checklists specific to your area Sample checklists will be available on our website at www.ryerson.ca/cehsm/duediligence/index.html

Planning—Equipment/Chemical Inventories: 

Planning—Equipment/Chemical Inventories Review equipment inventory to learn what equipment/machinery is present Know the hazards and controls associated with each piece of equipment/machine Check technical safety data sheets or manufacturers’ safety manuals Review chemical inventories to learn what chemicals are present Each space storing chemicals should have a room inventory and an MSDS binder

Planning—Past Accident/Incident Reports: 

Planning—Past Accident/Incident Reports Identify causes of accidents/incidents Check if recommended actions from those reports were implemented

Planning—Past Workplace Inspections: 

Planning—Past Workplace Inspections Past inspection records show what has been identified what areas require inspection Also identify previously recognized hazards to pay attention to Check if recommended actions from those reports were implemented

Planning—Workplace Inspection Forms: 

Planning—Workplace Inspection Forms Excel spreadsheet or as a Word Document Can be obtained through Cate Drum and is available on the CEHSM website There is a copy of it in your package

What if you don’t feel qualified?: 

What if you don’t feel qualified? Ask someone who is (or ought to be) qualified to accompany you or to perform the inspection Some areas of the university will have to be inspected by someone who is authorized to be in that space and that might not be you – those areas must be identified so as not slow down the inspection process

What if you don’t feel qualified?: 

What if you don’t feel qualified? Ask questions: if someone who performs the work is unable to explain the hazards of that work to you, then you know there is a problem

Conducting Workplace Inspections - Inspection Principles: 

Conducting Workplace Inspections - Inspection Principles Look up, down, around and inside Clearly describe hazards and mark location on floor plan or on your checklist Record as you go along in case you forget Take photos and/or sketches Pay particular attention to equipment developing unsafe conditions due to stress, wear, impact, corrosion, or misuse. Shut down any hazardous items that cannot be brought to a safe operating standard until repaired

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Atmospheric Conditions Dusts, mists, fumes, vapours, lighting, heat, noise Buildings and Structures Windows, doors, floors, stairs, railings, roofs, walls

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Structural Openings Pits, sumps, shafts, floor openings including those usually kept covered Walkways and Roadways Aisles, ramps, loading docks, parking lots, driveways

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Storage Facilities Cabinets, shelving units, closets, bins, racks, tanks, closets, yard and floor storage Warning and Signaling Devices Strobes, crossing lights, horns, warning signs

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Elevators, Escalators, Dumb-waiters, Man-lifts Cables, controls and safety devices Firefighting Equipment Extinguishers, hoses, hydrants, alarms, sprinkler systems, fire-suppression systems

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Material Handling Equipment Conveyors, cranes, hoists, forklifts, carts, trolleys Containers Barrels, carboys, gas cylinders, flammable liquid containers, scrap bins, waste bins, vats, tanks

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Motorized Vehicles Automobiles, trucks, earth moving equipment, backhoes, mowers, graders, tractors, all-terrain vehicles, forklift trucks Electrical Service Equipment Switches, power bars, outlets, ground-fault circuit interrupters

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Electrical Equipment Lab equipment, floor polishers, vacuums, personal computers Emergency Equipment Spill kits, first aid kits, emergency telephones, emergency alarms

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Hand Tools Wrenches, hammers, saws, kitchen knives, explosive-actuated tools, electrically powered hand tools, air powered hand tools Pressure Vessels Autoclaves, sterilizers, hydrogeneration units, vacuum/low pressure process units, retorts, boilers

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Power Source Equipment Electric motors, gasoline engines, generators, steam engines Process Equipment Mills, shapers, lathes, grinders, presses, boring machines, brakes

Examples of What to Inspect: 

Examples of What to Inspect Personal Protective Equipment Hard hats, safety goggles, respirators, SCBA, harnesses, lifelines, helmets, gloves, protective clothing Personnel-Supporting Equipment Ladders, scaffolds, scissor lifts, catwalks, platforms, life-lines, sling-chairs

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect: 

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect Protective Guards Gear covers, pulley belt covers, pinch point guards, railings, blade guards Safety Devices Safety valves, emergency shut-offs, warning systems, limit switches

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect: 

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect Control Components Switches, thermostats, speed controls, brakes, steering mechanisms Mechanical Power Components Gears, cables, belts, ropes, drives, shafts, chains

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect: 

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect Electrical Power Components Cables, wires, switches, connections, grounds Point-of-Lift Components Handles, eye-bolts, lifting lugs

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect: 

Examples of Specific Items to Inspect Point-of-Work Components Blades, drill bits, chisels, hammers Weight-Bearing Components Steps, rungs, brackets, legs, foundations, forklift forks, wire ropes

Examples of Descriptive Words to Use: 

Examples of Descriptive Words to Use broken, chipped, leaking, dirty, disconnected, slipping, wobbling, worn, frayed, corroded, littered, removed, sagging, spalled, unstable, deteriorated, cracked, dented, blocked, unlabelled, defaced, inadequate, overloaded, missing, hazardous, messy, spilled, unanchored, protruding, bent, inoperative, smelly, cluttered, slippery, unlocked, splintered, malfunctioning, excessive, deficient, inappropriate, uneven, obscured

Four Steps to Fixing Hazards: 

Four Steps to Fixing Hazards Spot the hazard and report it to the supervisor Assess the risk Fix the hazard Check that the hazard is fixed for good

Assess the Risk: 

Assess the Risk Once hazards are identified, they should be assessed to determine whether they are significant enough to warrant changes—this is called a Risk Assessment Assist the supervisor of the work area to determine what the hazard is and what can be done to solve the problem Risk assessment is a measure of the severity of potential harm to the likelihood of that harm occurring

To work out the level of risk, consider the following…: 

To work out the level of risk, consider the following… Severity of the consequences of an accident how serious would the injury or illness be? how many people are at risk? Likelihood of the accident occurring has it happened before? how often might it happen? when is it most likely to happen?

Identifying Recommendations: 

Identifying Recommendations If the assessment shows the hazard is significant, recommend controls Consider what might be done to decrease the likelihood of an accident occurring or the severity of the consequences Provide as many possible solutions as you can For assistance in identifying solutions, contact Cate Drum, EHS Officer, CEHSM at 7086

Check that the hazard is fixed for good: 

Check that the hazard is fixed for good After the changes are made, supervisors and staff should check that there is no further risk of injury or illness Could anything else be done to make sure there is no risk? If so, do it!

How Do I Know What to Recommend?: 

How Do I Know What to Recommend? Consider various strategies The list discussed further is often referred to as the hierarchy of controls: Eliminate the hazard or substitute it Isolate the hazard from the people Change the way the job is done Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The most effective control measures are at the top of the list

Elimination or Substitution: 

Elimination or Substitution Use a different less dangerous piece of equipment Fix faulty machinery Redesign the workplace Use safer materials or chemicals Reduce energy; speed, voltage, sound level, force Change process to eliminate noise Automate material handling

Isolate the Hazard from the People: 

Isolate the Hazard from the People Redesign the equipment Remove dust or fumes with exhaust system Use lifting equipment or trolleys Machine guarding Sound enclosures Platforms and guard railing

Change the Way the Job is Done: 

Change the Way the Job is Done Provide training, information and signs to increase awareness Implement safe work procedures and control programs Implement rotation of workers Increase equipment inspections and preventive maintenance programs

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): 

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Should be used as a last resort and always in conjunction with other controls There are specific PPE requirements for each job E.g. ear plugs, safety boots, safety glasses, dust masks Specific PPE training and information may be necessary

What Should You Do?: 

What Should You Do? It is obviously much better if the hazard has been removed so that staff and students are not exposed in any way to the potential danger Draw attention to the presence of any immediate danger Shut down and “lock out” any hazardous items that cannot be brought to a safe operating standard until repaired

Responsibilities: 

Responsibilities Everyone has the responsibility to find and report hazards

Reporting Hazards: 

Reporting Hazards Report identified hazards to area supervisor or lecturer Report hazards immediately if they can cause death or serious injury/illness OR harm a number of people

Supervisor Duties: 

Supervisor Duties Remember….. A Supervisor, under the Occupational Health & Safety Act, means a person who has charge of a workplace or authority over a worker

Supervisors Must Take Action to Fix Hazards: 

Supervisors Must Take Action to Fix Hazards When a hazard is found or reported, the supervisor is responsible for: Taking action to fix the hazard, and, If this is not possible, then taking action to minimize the immediate risk to health and safety

The Inspection Recording Form Report: 

The Inspection Recording Form Report Copy all unfinished items from the previous report Identify the building and room (Eg. JOR-1100) List the hazardous condition/practice Identify the hazard (Physical, Chemical, etc) Identify the Hazard Class (A,B,C) Provide a recommended action and identify the person to report it to—they get a copy of the report

Reporting Back – After the Workplace Inspection: 

Reporting Back – After the Workplace Inspection Have the supervisor of the department review the inspection report (within 14 days of the inspection date) Send an electronic copy to the appropriate individuals (see WIP procedure)

Reporting Back – After the Workplace Inspection: 

Reporting Back – After the Workplace Inspection Once all the recommendations have been implemented, print off the form, obtain all required signatures, and provide an electronic copy to: your supervisor Cate Drum, EHS Officer, CEHSM The inspection team keeps the original document

Response To Workplace Inspection Report: 

Response To Workplace Inspection Report The area supervisor (or their designate) must provide an electronic copy responding to all of the observed hazards to the Centre for EHS Management within 21days after the inspection We want to know what actions were taken to mitigate the observed hazard E.g. Sent email to CPF to fix

SUMMARY: 

SUMMARY Everyone should... Look out for hazards Report hazards to the supervisor of the work area Help fix hazards by providing recommendations Take action to avoid, eliminate or minimize risks Follow safe work methods and use PPE as required