C01 Satanggang

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POST-TSUNAMI REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PLAN FOR FISHERIES SECTOR IN ACEH AND NIAS, INDONESIA By Mian Sahala Sitanggang MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIES, INDONESIA Presented at the 8th Pacific Rim Fisheries Conference Hanoi, Vietnam, 22 – 24 March 2006

CONTENT: 

CONTENT Pre-tsunami fisheries in Aceh and Nias Tsunami damage of fisheries in Aceh and Nias Strategy for rehabilitation and reconstruction Phasing of rehabilitation and reconstruction program Short-term rehabilitation activities Medium-term reconstruction activities Funding and main players Intervention fisheries sector Key Issues Recommendation

PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES: 

PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES Small Scale Fisheries Aceh in Figures (2003) Fisheries in Aceh: Capture Production 134,000 tons Value US $ 86 million 88,000 fishermen of which 53,000 fulltime Fishing fleet ±23,000 (4-24 mtrs) of which 13,000 boats in north-east coast * 9,000 no engine * 4,500 outboard engine * 10,000 inboard engine Fisheries in Nias: 6,000 fishermen of which 4,600 fulltime Fishing fleet 3,000 (5-6,5 mtrs), outboard

PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES: 

PRE-TSUNAMI FISHERIES Small scale aquaculture in figures 2003 36,000 ha mostly brackish water ponds 29,000 tons Value $ 56.3 million 15,000 farmers 94,000 estimated direct employed Average 1-2 ha p/p, low input

Tsunami damage: 

Tsunami damage 167,000 dead and missing 800 km coastline affected, 2-6 km 650 villages and towns 540,000 homeless

Tsunami damage fisheries: 

Tsunami damage fisheries 9,038 fishermen died (10% of 88.000 fishers) $ 0.6 billion loss in Fisheries-based livelihood (50% livelihood of $ 1.2 billion damage in the productive sectors as a whole) Total $ 38 million loss (craft $ 10 million, gear $ 18 million, and engine $ 10 million)

Tsunami damage fisheries: 

Tsunami damage fisheries 10,000 boats lost and damaged * OB 2.800 (60%) * IB 4.000 (40%) * non 3.200 (35%) Fishing port, Landing sites, fuel station, ice plant, processing units, hatcheries, and other infrastructure 15,000 ha aqua culture (40% of 36.000 ha)

Principles for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program: 

Principles for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Program Focus on alleviation of poverty Be market-led and economically sustainable Consider environmental sustainability Be integrated and holistic, in the coastal zone and for poorer coastal communities Need to be participatory and consider the real needs and capabilities of local people

STRATEGIES FOR REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION : 

STRATEGIES FOR REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION Restore people (private) goods: Getting fishers to start going to sea Restart aquaculture Introduce appropriate new technologies Rebuild public goods: Repair and rebuilding of critical infrastructure Improve support services to fishing communities Strengthening coastal communities economic activities: Working capital

PHASING OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM: 

PHASING OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM Initially for the rehabilitation phase, the focus would be on restarting economic activity. This phase is expected to start straight away and last for about two years 2005-2006. Secondly the reconstruction phase, it will start to strengthen and build the sector hopefully back to pre-tsunami conditions but perhaps “to build a better Aceh”. Reconstruction will have begun by the end of the first year and last for about five years – 2005-2009.

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“Reconstruction with value adding”

SHORT-TERM REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES: 

SHORT-TERM REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES Short-term activities, aimed at: Provide immediate livelihood support. Getting fishers to start going to sea and also provide (temporary) alternatives Restart aquaculture Re-establish essential support and regulatory services Continue detailed assessments of preparations of long-term recovery plans and projects.

MEDIUM-TERM RECONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (2006 – 2009): 

MEDIUM-TERM RECONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (2006 – 2009) Community livelihoods management skills built up Strengthening credit, marketing and post-harvest services Support to development of appropriate new technologies Strengthening the physical infrastructure Environmental rehabilitation Sustainable fisheries management and enforcement Education and continuing awareness raising

R&R: FUNDING AND MAIN PLAYERS (2005): 

R&R: FUNDING AND MAIN PLAYERS (2005) RR Aceh & Nias, all sectors: $ 4.4 billion committed (of $ 5.8 billion) multi- bilateral; INGOs, GoI Fisheries Sector (2005): $ 42 million ADB ETESP grant: $ 7,4 million (of $ 30 million) ADB loan reprogramming: $ 1,6 million JICS grant: $ 5 million GOI MMAF: $ 4 million GOI debt moratorium realocation: $ 24 million Main Players: B R R, UN & Int. Finance Inst (FAO, ADB), INGOs & NGOs, Local Community (Panglima Laot), Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Provincial of fisheries services, District of fisheries services

Interventions Fisheries: 

Interventions Fisheries Cash for work: clearing debris Tools, training for boat builders New craft (esp. small boats) gear and engines and repair damaged Rehab fishponds Rehab fish-based livelihoods: fish drying, salt farming, traders, tools

Interventions Fisheries: 

Interventions Fisheries Infrastructure rehab (just starting) Ecological and fish stock assessment up to 80 m deep, including coral reef assessment still on going. A deep see stock assessment is still pending. Not much beyond replacement focusing on improvement, like boat building training.

pre- harvest interventions: 

pre- harvest interventions PRE HARVEST INTERVENTIONS Small = favorite = easy + fast + cheap + visible

Interventions pre-harvest – harvest sector: 

Interventions pre-harvest – harvest sector Boats, small =favorite 1600-3200 small boats ready pledged around 4000 total, of total target 6000+ many quality issues, not usable, not of preferred choice, half work, wrong target group, bad quality & bad politics

Portfolio Gaps – Regions, 2005: 

Portfolio Gaps – Regions, 2005

Portfolio Gaps – Sectors, 2005: 

Portfolio Gaps – Sectors, 2005

Key issues : 

Key issues Quality of Aid: how to ensure good aid? Question of Coordination Slow 1st year implementation Quantity of Aid: Danger of Oversupply & Depletion? Who comes first? Potential Social Conflicts Cashing in on Social Responsibilities

Looking ahead ?: 

Looking ahead ? Training on Improved Aquaculture Practices – Mariculture Improved Boat Building Improved Processing Techniques Fish landing centers, markets Irrigation networks for ponds Cold storage/ice making plants Ecological and fish stock assesment Rehabilitation of coastal habitat/ecosystem Community level early warning system

Best Practices: 

Best Practices FAO booklet: “15 Steps for Aquaculture Farm Rehabilitation in Aceh” FAO: training of boat building ADB: detail design/construction of ponds, vessel and ice plant. ADB: District concept note/sub-project appraisal reports. Village mapping & planning, resource mapping, and eco village community participation, coop with panglima laot Cooperative management shifting gears, targeting bigger boats:deep sea fishing

Recommendations: 

Recommendations A fine balance-quick, good, and participatory. Filling Gaps Linking local initiatives & regional infrastructure projects Bridging short & long term investment plans

Recommendations: 

Recommendations Analysing interventions cooperative management Strengthening local institutions Assessment of ecology and stock resources Looking beyond replacement to sustainable solutions (build a better Aceh)

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THANK YOU