Colonialism

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European expansion: 

European expansion Made possible by developments in shipping, navigation Motivated by: Need to settle excess population Evangelical zeal Search for wealth

Disease and the Americas: 

Disease and the Americas Native Americans did not have immunity to diseases common in Europe, Africa & Asia Up to 95% died after contact Human epidemic diseases originated with herd animals; need both herds and dense population In Americas, there were dense populations but no herds

Americas: 

Americas Europeans: seized territory formed settlements exploited labor stole wealth

Americas: 

Americas Europeans began with native and European laborers, then turned to African. Africans were: resistant to European diseases resistant to tropical diseases

Slave Trade: 

Slave Trade Trade between Europe and Africa soon became focused on slave trade. Africans wanted European goods and all the Europeans wanted were slaves. Most slaves were captured in raids or were prisoners of war. Some were criminals or debtors.

Slide8: 

Slaves were captured by Africans and sold by African middlemen to Europeans. During the slave trade, Europeans did not control African territories.

Scramble for Africa: 

Scramble for Africa Slave trade ended 1805, replaced by other trade Late 1880s, European countries suddenly wanted colonies in Africa: To build national prestige To gain raw materials for factories

Slide11: 

To gain markets for manufactured goods To gain mineral wealth and prevent other European countries from acquiring Europeans cooperated among themselves and divided Africa up

Slide12: 

Able to colonize late 19th century because: Better medicines Better guns

Ideology of African Colonialism: 

Ideology of African Colonialism Bringing civilization to “savages” Benefiting natives Taught superiority of European way of life, backwardness of African

Colonialism: 

Colonialism Colonies expected to be profitable to the colonizers Forced Africans to pay taxes (hut tax, head tax) Pressured to grow cash crops Took land for settlement Ruled: created chiefs, new ethnic groups