PS270Lect11

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Group Influence: 

Group Influence Chapter 8

Outline of Today’s Lecture: 

Outline of Today’s Lecture What is a Group? Social Facilitation Social Loafing Deindividuation Group Polarization Groupthink Minority Influence

What is a Group?: 

What is a Group? Examples: 5 people waiting at the same corner for a bus People attending a worship service N’ Sync fan club The students in a seminar class A man, his brother and his sister

Social Facilitation: 

Social Facilitation People perform simple, well-learned tasks better in the presence of others But, for more difficult tasks, the presence of others can inhibit performance

Crowding: The Presence of Many Others: 

Crowding: The Presence of Many Others In the presence of others, we perspire more, breathe faster, tense our muscles more and have higher blood pressure than when we are alone.

Crowding: The Presence of Many Others: 

Crowding: The Presence of Many Others Why are we Aroused in the Presence of Others? Evaluation Apprehension Distraction Mere Presence

Social Loafing: 

Social Loafing The tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable

Social Loafing in Everyday Life: 

Social Loafing in Everyday Life People do not engage in social loafing when the task is challenging, appealing or involving, or when their group members are friends

Deindividuation: 

Deindividuation Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension; occurs in group situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual

Factors that Affect Deindividuation: 

Factors that Affect Deindividuation Group Size: Bigger crowds lead to more anonymity

Factors that Affect Deindividuation: 

Factors that Affect Deindividuation Physical Anonymity Study: Women who wore white coats and hoods delivered more electric shock to “victims” than women who were visible and wore big name tags

Factors that Affect Deindividuation: 

Factors that Affect Deindividuation Physical Anonymity Halloween Candy Study: Children were observed on Halloween night. They were told to take one candy and the experimenter left the room.

Halloween Candy Study: 

Halloween Candy Study

Factors that Affect Deindividuation: 

Factors that Affect Deindividuation Does physical anonymity always lead to deindivuation? Nurses uniform study

Factors that Affect Deindividuation: 

Factors that Affect Deindividuation Diminished Self-Awareness Unself-conscious, deindividuated people are less restrained, less self-regulated, more likely to act without thinking about their own values and more responsive to the situation than self-conscious people

Group Polarization: 

Group Polarization The case of the “Risky Shift” Discussion typically strengthens the average inclination of group members

Group Polarization: 

Group Polarization Group Polarization in Schools Over time, initial differences among groups of college students become accentuated E.g., Students at college X are initially more intellectual than students at college Y . By the end of university, the gap between the 2 schools is even greater.

Group Polarization: 

Group Polarization Group Polarization in Communities Gangs may start and become more violent because of more like-minded teenagers joining the group

Group Polarization: 

Group Polarization Informational Influence Group discussion leads to a pooling of ideas, most of which favour the dominant viewpoint

Group Polarization: 

Group Polarization Normative Influence People want others to like them and may express stronger opinions after discovering others share their views Pluralistic ignorance: A false impression of how other people are thinking, feeling or responding

Groupthink: 

Groupthink The tendency of decision-making groups to suppress dissent in the interests of group harmony Video

Minority Influence: 

Minority Influence Video: 12 Angry Men

Small Groups Exercise: 

Small Groups Exercise Discuss the film clip you just watched. How did minority influence work? Why do you think the main character was able to persuade the other 11 jurors?