Airlift Ops2

Airlift Operations Part II : 612-502-03 Airlift Operations Part II


References : DOD 4500.9-R, DTR, Part III, Mobility FM 55-9, Unit Air Movement Planning FM 55-65, Strategic Deployment References


Military and CRAF Airlift Aircraft : Military and CRAF Airlift Aircraft


C-130 “Hercules” : Primary Function: Tactical and intra-theater airlift. Length: 97 feet, 9 inches Height: 38 feet, 3 in Wingspan: 132 feet Maximum Takeoff Weight: 155,000 pounds Range: 2,356 miles with maximum payload; 5,200 miles with no cargo C-130 'Hercules'


C-130 “Hercules” (Cont) : Rear ramp (one pallet position); length, 88 inches; width, 108 inches; height, 76 inches Cargo Compartment: Length, 41 feet; Width,108 inches; Height, 9 feet. C-130 'Hercules' (Cont)


C-130 “Hercules” (Cont) : 1 2 3 4 5 6 C-130 PALLET POSITIONS RAMP F R O N T C-130 'Hercules' (Cont)


C-130 PALLET POSITIONS 3 & 4 : C-130 PALLET POSITIONS 3 andamp; 4 88' 6' AISLEWAY


C-130 RAMP PALLET POSITION #6 : C-130 RAMP PALLET POSITION #6 88' 18' AISLEWAY 76' HIGH


C-130 “Hercules” (Cont) : Crew: Five (two pilots, a navigator, flight engineer and loadmaster); transports up to 92 troops, 64 paratroops, 74 litter patients, or six standard freight pallets. Maximum cargo capacity is 45,000 pounds C-130 'Hercules' (Cont)


C-141B “Starlifter” : C-141B - PRIMARY MISSION IS INTERTHEATER AIRLIFT C-141B 'Starlifter'


C-141B “Starlifter” (Cont) : Primary Function: Cargo and troop transport Wingspan: 160 feet Length: 168 feet, 4 inches Height: 39 feet, 3 inches Range: Unlimited with in-flight refueling Maximum Takeoff Weight: 323,100 lbs C-141B 'Starlifter' (Cont)


C-141B “Starlifter” (Cont) : Load: Either 200 troops, 155 paratroops, 103 litters and 14 seats, or 68,725 lbs of cargo C-141B 'Starlifter' (Cont)


C-141B “Starlifter” (Cont) : C-141B PALLET POSITIONS 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 RAMP F R O N T Cargo Compartment: Height, 9 feet 1 inch; length, 93 feet 4 inches; width, 10 feet 3 inches. Cargo Door: Width, 10.25 feet; Height, 9.08 feet C-141B 'Starlifter' (Cont)


C-141B “Starlifter” (Cont) : Crew of five: two pilots, two flight engineers and one loadmaster (one navigator added for airdrops). Aeromedical: two flight nurses and three medical technicians C-141B 'Starlifter' (Cont)


C-17 “Globemaster III” : Primary Function: Cargo and troop transport Wingspan: 169 feet 10 inches (to winglet tips) Length: 174 feet Height: 55 feet 1 inch Range: Global with in-flight refueling. Maximum peacetime takeoff weight: 585,000 pounds C-17 'Globemaster III'


C-17 “Globemaster III” (Cont) : Cargo Load: 170,900 pounds of cargo (18 pallet positions) Cargo Compartment: Length: 88 feet Width: 18 feet Height: 12 feet, 4 inches C-17 'Globemaster III' (Cont)


C-17 “Globemaster III” (Cont) : C-17 PALLET POSITIONS LOGISTICS CONFIGURATION PALLETS MUST BE ROTATED 90 DEGREES WHEN LOADING THIS CONFIGURATION 1R 1L 2R 3R 4R 5R 6R 7R 8R 9R 2L 3L 4L 5L 6L 7L 8L 9L RAMP F R O N T C-17 'Globemaster III' (Cont)


C-17 “Globemaster III” (Cont) : Crew: Three (two pilots and one loadmaster) Load: 102 troops/paratroops; 48 litter and 54 ambulatory patients and attendants C-17 'Globemaster III' (Cont)


C-17 “Globemaster III” (Cont) : C-17 'TYPICAL LOAD' C-17 'Globemaster III' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” : Primary function: Outsized cargo transport Wingspan: 222.9 feet, Length: 247.1 feet, Height: 65.1 feet Range: 4,400 miles (loaded) 11,500 miles (unloaded) C-5 'Galaxy'


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : Forward kneeling Crew: 7 (pilot, co-pilot, two flight engineers and three loadmasters) Special ability to lower front or rear of aircraft for loading. C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : Cargo compartment: Height: 13.5 ft Width: 19 ft Length: 143 ft, 9 inches Maximum cargo capacity: 170,000 lbs C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : C-5 Pallet Positions - 36 FWD RAMP AFT RAMP F R O N T C-5 Pallet positions 1 andamp; 2 - Fwd ramp C-5 Pallet positions 35 andamp; 36 - Aft ramp C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : 96' HIGH 14' ACCESS AISLEWAY C-5 PALLET POSITIONS 1 andamp; 2 - FWD RAMP C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : C-5 PALLET POSITIONS 35 andamp; 36 - AFT RAMP 70' HIGH 14' ACCESS AISLEWAY C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


C-5 “Galaxy” (Cont) : TROOP COMPARTMENT SEATING C-5 'Galaxy' (Cont)


KC-10A “Extender” : Primary Function: Aerial tanker and transport Length: 181 feet, 7 inches Height: 58 feet, 1 inch Wingspan: 165 feet, 4.5 inches Maximum Takeoff Weight: 590,000 pounds Range: 4,400 miles (3,800 nautical miles) with cargo KC-10A 'Extender'


KC-10A “Extender” (Cont) : Maximum Cargo Payload: 170,000 pounds Pallet Positions: 25 Crew: Four (aircraft commander, pilot, flight engineer and boom operator) KC-10A 'Extender' (Cont)


KC-10A “Extender” (Cont) : KC-10 PALLET POSITIONS CARGO DOOR Pallets must be rotated 90 degrees to be loaded NOTE: Positions 1L andamp; 1R are normally not used (seats installed) Pallet position 13L is not offered for cargo F R O N T KC-10A 'Extender' (Cont)


Aircraft Comparison : Aircraft Comparison


Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) : Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF)


CRAF (Cont) : CRAF is a voluntary contractual program designed to augment US military airlift forces with civil air carriers to support national defense emergency airlift requirements. CRAF (Cont)


CRAF (Cont) : 50 % 50% ORGANIC AIRLIFT COMMERCIAL AIRLIFT Strategic Capability 76 % 24% Cargo Lift Capability CRAF (Cont)


CRAF (Cont) : ORGANIC AIRLIFT COMMERCIAL AIRLIFT 95 % 5% 100 % Aeromedical Evac Lift Capability Passenger Lift Capability CRAF (Cont)


CRAF (Cont) : STAGE I - Committed expansion to 77 aircraft STAGE II - Airlift Emergency - additional 182 STAGE III - Military Emergencies up to an additional 544 aircraft available NOTE: DOES NOT HAVE TO BE ACTIVATED IN STAGE ORDER CRAF OPERATIONAL STAGES CRAF aircraft totals change quarterly. Approximately 800+ aircraft available (1st Qtr FY 01) CRAF (Cont)


CRAF (Cont) : International segment: Short range section Long range section CRAF Operational Segments Aeromedical segment National segment: Domestic andamp; Alaska sections CRAF (Cont)


Summary : Summary


Check on Learning : On Learning Check on Learning


Slide39 : On Learning QUESTION 1: What are the two primary aircraft used for strategic airlift of soldiers and cargo?


Slide40 : On Learning Answer 1: The C-17 and the C-141 QUESTION 1: What are the two primary aircraft used for strategic airlift of soldiers and cargo?


Slide41 : On Learning QUESTION 2: What military cargo aircraft provides strategic airlift for moving outsized and oversized cargo?


Slide42 : On Learning QUESTION 2: What military cargo aircraft provides strategic airlift for moving outsized and oversized cargo? Answer 2: The C-5


463L Pallet System : 463L Pallet System


463L Pallet System : Proper restraint of cargo is important in an air movement due to the possibility of cargo shifting during flight. The 463L pallet system provides deploying units with the ability to consolidate loose cargo and efficiently move it on strategic airlift 463L Pallet System


463L Pallet : OVERALL DIMENSIONS 463L Pallet


463L Pallet (Cont) : USEABLE DIMENSIONS Two inch safety edge 463L Pallet (Cont)


463L Pallet Construction : Aluminum Aluminum skin rails Tiedown ring 7500 lbs capacity Two inch safety edge Balsa wood or fiberglass 463L Pallet Construction


463L Pallet Serviceability : Inspect pallets for serviceability prior to use Check both pallet sides for fractures or warping Tie-down rings must move freely Check for cleanliness. Pallet must meet agricultural standards. Excessive corrosion makes pallet unserviceable 463L Pallet Serviceability


463L Pallet Serviceability (Cont) : Cleanliness Pallet damage 463L Pallet Serviceability (Cont)


463L Pallet Nets : There are three nets to a set of 463L pallets nets. The set consists of one top net colored yellow, and two side nets colored green or black. 463L Pallet Nets


463L Pallet -- Net Serviceability : After spreading the net on a dry clean surface, inspect the bands and straps for tears and fraying. Check for: Loose or broken stitches Broken/missing O-rings andamp; hooks Broken buckles Dirt andamp; foreign objects 463L Pallet -- Net Serviceability


463L Pallet Nets -- Top net : Top net 463L Pallet Nets -- Top net


463L Pallet Nets -- Top net (Cont) : The top net attaches by hooks to the rings on the side nets or, when used alone, to the tie-down rings on pallet. When a top net is used alone, the net band sewn closest to the hooks (referred to as belly band) must not be more than eight inches from the top of the pallet surface. 463L Pallet Nets -- Top net (Cont)


463L Pallet Nets -- Top net (Cont) : The top net can be used alone or with additional straps to secure the load 463L Pallet Nets -- Top net (Cont)


463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets : The side nets attach by hooks to the rings of the 463L pallet. The side nets have a long side with six hooks and short side with five hooks to match the long and short sides of the 463L pallet. Side nets (1 of 2) 463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets


463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets (Cont) : Connecting the side net to the 463L pallet Note Corner All hooks point to inside 463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets (Cont)


463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets (Cont) : Straps crossed at corners 463L Pallet Nets --Side Nets (Cont)


463L Pallet Restrictions : 463L pallets load restrictions prevent damage to cargo, 463L pallets and nets, and the aircraft Ensure build-up pallets do not exceed the dimensional and load bearing capabilities of the aircraft. 463L Pallet Restrictions


463L Pallet Restrictions -- Weight Maximums : Maximum weight capacity is 10,000 lbs Maximum load of 250 pounds for any given square inch Tie-down ring load must not exceed 7,500 pounds If top net alone is used to restrain cargo, the cargo load capacity is 2,500 lbs 463L Pallet Restrictions -- Weight Maximums


463L Pallet Restrictions -- Height Maximums : Height maximums for built-up 463L pallets relate to the weight of the cargo load. With cargo load of 10,000 lbs - the height will not exceed 96 inches With cargo load of 8,000 lbs or less - the height will not exceed 100 inches When only the top net is used, the height is limited to 45 inches, and weight to 2,500 pounds 463L Pallet Restrictions -- Height Maximums


Building the 463L Pallet : Building the 463L Pallet


Building a 463L Pallet : Place the pallet on dunnage before beginning the build-up. Building a 463L Pallet


Pallet Cargo Placement : Properly building a load on a 463L pallet contributes to the safe air movement of the cargo Place cargo items in square or pyramid shape when building pallet Pallet Cargo Placement


Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont) : Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont)


Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont) : HAZARDOUS MATERIAL LABELING 1000 LBS 500 LBS THIS SIDE UP 500 LBS 100 LBS 100 LBS Correct placement of cargo andamp; labeling of hazardous materials Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont)


Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont) : Pallet Cargo Placement (Cont)


Build and Document the Pallet : Secure the load on the pallet using proper tie-down procedures and equipment. Weigh each pallet including dunnage that accompanies pallet Measure pallet height Record pallet height and weight on cargo manifest and pallet identification card Build and Document the Pallet


Pallet Markings : The pallet requires marking to identify contents, ownership, and other information required for the air move Pallet Markings


Pallet Board Information : The information on the pallet board includes: A packing list of the shipping containers on the pallet including any hazardous materials The identification and name of the unit Military shipment label and/or RF tag List of points of contact andamp; telephone numbers Gross weight must be displayed on both boards Pallet Board Information


Tie-down Equipment : Tie-down equipment is essential to ensure the cargo is secured during flight. Nets CGU-LB Nylon Strap MB-1 Tie-down chain MB-1 Tension Device MB-2 Tie-down chain MB-2 Tension Device Tie-down Equipment


Other 463L Pallet Equipment : Use plastic for water sensitive or absorbent items Short term use only Ties two or more pallets together Used for long loads Pallet Coupler Pallet covers Other 463L Pallet Equipment


Tie-down Techniques : Tie-down techniques vary according to the items to be secured The barrier and chain techniques Palletized vehicles and large heavy items are chained to pallet 5,000 pound tie-down straps Tie-down Techniques


Net Installation : Nets are used to secure multiple loose items that fit within the useable dimensions (84 by 104 inches) of a single 463L pallet. Start at one corner and work around the pallet with side nets Pull the nets as high as they will go and hook the two side nets together. Center the top net over the cargo Net Installation


Net Installation (Con’t) : Hook the top net into the side nets using the 0-rings located on the top portion of the side nets for a tall load, or the 0-rings located halfway up the side nets for a shorter load. Pull evenly on all straps opposite each other to tighten the top net. Tuck the loose ends of all straps into the netting to prevent snagging during loading or unloading Net Installation (Con’t)


Married Pallets : Used for cargo that exceeds length of a single pallet. Formed by joining two or more 463L pallets Pallet couplers are placed in the indents along the aligned pallet sides to lock the pallets together. Married pallets: Married Pallets


Married Pallets Example : Married Pallets Example


Married Pallets (Con’t) : Married pallets become a rigid structure after they are locked into the 463L rails on the aircraft. Married pallets should be constructed on high-liner docks or other platforms. Pallets must be kept level during loading/unloading Married Pallets (Con’t)


Married Pallet Load : high-liner dock and coupled pallet Married Pallet Load


SUMMARY : SUMMARY


Check on Learning : On Learning Check on Learning


Slide81 : On Learning QUESTION 1: What type and how many 463L pallet nets are in a set?


Slide82 : On Learning Answer 1: There are three nets to a set; one top and two side nets QUESTION 1: What type and how many 463L pallet nets are in a set?


Slide83 : On Learning QUESTION 2: What are the usable dimensions on the 463L pallet surface for constructing a pallet load?


Slide84 : On Learning Answer 2: 104 inches long and 84 inches wide QUESTION 2: What are the usable dimensions on the 463L pallet surface for constructing a pallet load?


Slide85 : On Learning QUESTION 3: What is the maximum cargo weight capacity for a 463L pallet?


Slide86 : On Learning QUESTION 3: What is the maximum cargo weight capacity for a 463L pallet? Answer 3: The cargo weight capacity for a 463L pallet is 10,000 pounds.


Determine Center of Balance : Determine Center of Balance


Determine Center of Balance : Each aircraft has a Center of Balance safety range The unit’s aircraft cargo must fall within the aircraft safety range The term CB refers to the balance point of items of cargo or equipment that go into the aircraft Determine Center of Balance


Determine Center of Balance (Cont) : Determine weight and CB of a vehicle after all secondary loads are secure No items should be added or removed from a vehicle that has been weighed and the CB calculated. If changes are made, the vehicle must be weighed again and the CB recalculated Determine Center of Balance (Cont)


Determine Center of Balance (Cont) : Determine distance from front forward edge (FFE) to the middle of the front, intermediate andamp; rear axles D1 D2 D3 FFE W1 W2 W3 Determine Center of Balance (Cont)


Determine Center of Balance (Cont) : CB = (W1  D1) + (W1  D1) + (W2  D2) gross weight W1= Front axle weight in pounds W2 = Intermediate axle weight W3= Rear axle weight D1= Distance in inches, from FFE to Front axle D2= Distance from FFE to Intermediate axle D3= Distance from FFE to Rear axle Determine Center of Balance (Cont)


Determine Center of Balance (Cont) : D2 = 131 inches D1 = 35 inches W1= 5,000 lbs W2 = 5,000 lbs D3 = 177 inches W3 = 5,000 lbs W1 W2 W3 Determine Center of Balance (Cont)


Determine Center of Balance (Cont) : CB = (W1  D1) + (W2  D2) + (W3  D3) GW CB = (5,000  35) + (5,000  131) + (5,000  177) 15,000 CB = 175,000 + 655,000 + 885,000 1,715,000 15,000 15,000 CB = 114.33 or 114 inches (rounded to nearest inch) Determine Center of Balance (Cont)


Determine Center of Balance -- Trailer : D1 = 15 Inches D2 = 95 Inches W2 = 3,600 LBS W1 = 150 LBS Determine Center of Balance -- Trailer


Determine Center of Balance -- Trailer (Cont) : CB = (W1  D1) + (W2  D2) GW CB = (150 15) + (3,600  95) 3,750 CB = 2250+ 342,000 3,750 CB = 91.8 or 92 Inches Determine Center of Balance -- Trailer (Cont)


Center of Balance Marker : Masking tape Gross Weight After computing CB, mark both sides of the vehicle with masking tape to form a 'T' shape. Center of Balance Marker


Center of Balance Marker -- Trailer : Center of Balance Marker -- Trailer 3,750 CB is 92 inches from FFE FFE


Center of Balance Marker -- Truck : CB is 114 inches FFE 15,000 Center of Balance Marker -- Truck


Center of Balance & Marker – Tracked Vehicles : Mark CB at balance point Center of Balance andamp; Marker – Tracked Vehicles


SUMMARY : SUMMARY


Check on Learning : On Learning Check on Learning


Slide102 : On Learning QUESTION 1: What are two pieces of information needed to calculate a vehicle’s center of balance?


Slide103 : On Learning Answer 1: The distance (in inches) from the front forward edge of the vehicle to each axle, and the weight of each axle. QUESTION 1: What are two pieces of information needed to calculate a vehicle’s center of balance?


Slide104 : On Learning QUESTION 2: What are the criteria for determining if a vehicle or cargo item must have its CB and gross weight identified?


Slide105 : On Learning QUESTION 2: What are the criteria for determining if a vehicle or cargo item must have its CB and gross weight identified? Answer 2: Cargo items 10 feet or longer and items with centers of balance other than in the physical center of the item, must have their gross weight and CB identified.


Review : Review


Check on Review : On Review Check on Review


Slide108 : On Review QUESTION 1: What part of a vehicle is used as a reference point for computing the center of balance?


Slide109 : On Review Answer 1: The front forward edge (FFE) of the vehicle or equipment. QUESTION 1: What part of a vehicle is used as a reference point for computing the center of balance?


Slide110 : QUESTION 2: What is the purpose of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet? On Review


Slide111 : QUESTION 2: What is the purpose of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet? Answer 2: CRAF is designed to augment US Military airlift forces with civil air carriers to support National Defense airlift requirements. On Review


Slide112 : QUESTION 3: If only a top net is used to secure cargo on a 463L pallet, what is the maximum allowable cargo weight? On Review


Slide113 : QUESTION 3: If only a top net is used to secure cargo on a 463L pallet, what is the maximum allowable cargo weight? Answer 3: 2,500 pounds. On Review


Slide114 : QUESTION 4: True or False. Hazardous items cannot be packed with other non-hazardous cargo on a 463L pallet. On Review


Slide115 : QUESTION 4: True or False. Hazardous items cannot be packed with other non-hazardous cargo on a 463L pallet. Answer 4: False. Hazardous cargo can be packed with non-hazardous items on a 463L pallet. The HAZMAT must be correctly packaged, labeled, certified, and must be located on the pallet so it is easily accessible. On Review


Slide116 : QUESTION 5: After a vehicle’s CB is determined, how is it marked on the vehicle? On Review


Slide117 : QUESTION 5: After a vehicle’s CB is determined, how is it marked on the vehicle? Answer 5: Tape is placed on the vehicle at the location of the CB in the shape of a 'T'. 'CB' is written on the vertical portion of the tape and the vehicles gross weight is written in the 'T' cross bar. On Review