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Slide1 : Innovation in postharvest storage of flowers Agricultural Research Organization (ARO) The Volcani Center ISRAEL


Slide2 : Development of postharvest pre-treatments applied before shipment (at the grower level) to improve the vase life quality of cut flowers Demonstration of efficiency of treatments with the T.O.G® products produced by Milchan Bros. Ltd.


Slide3 : All experiments were performed in the lab of Dr. Shimon Meir Dr. Sonia Philosoph-Hadas The Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, ISRAEL E-mail: shimonm@volcani.agri.gov.il vtsoniap@volcani.agri.gov.il


Germicides used as floral preservatives  : Germicides used as floral preservatives


Plant Growth Regulators : Plant Growth Regulators Auxin (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-TP) Cytokinin (BA) ☺ Gibberellin (GA3) ☺ Ethylene / Ethylene inhibitors ☺


Means to Extend Vase Life of Cut Flowers : Means to Extend Vase Life of Cut Flowers Harvest high quality flowers Cleaning Pulsing, spray, dipping or gazing treatments: preservatives, sucrose, surfactants, plant growth regulators, ethylene inhibitors Cooling chain from packing to consumer Vase solution (sucrose, preservatives)


Floricultural Chain : Floricultural Chain Points in the chain in which flower quality can be Improved by various chemical treatments Wholesaler / Bouquet maker Grower Retailer Consumer


Physiological processes in cut flowers : Physiological processes in cut flowers Leaf senescence Leaf wilting Flower opening Flower senescence


Examples for efficiency of T.O.G® products in cut flowers : Examples for efficiency of T.O.G® products in cut flowers Demonstration of use of the T.O.G® products, produced by Milchan Bros, for improving cut flowers quality at the grower level, based on the various physiological processes involved. The T.O.G® products are successfully applied by the Israeli growers, and help in preserving the high quality of the cut flowers exported from Israel.


Examples for efficiency of T.O.G® products in cut flowers- cont. : Examples for efficiency of T.O.G® products in cut flowers- cont. Most of the pre-treatments were developed for newly introduced cut flowers, since this is the major trend of the flower export from Israel. Treatments for traditional cut flowers, such as roses and carnations, were previously developed by Prof. Halevy and Prof. Mayak from the Faculty of Agriculture. Their research was also based on T.O.G® products.


Leaf Senescence : Curcuma Sandersonia Lilium Leaf Senescence


Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Curcuma alismatifolia following 15 days of vase life : Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Curcuma alismatifolia following 15 days of vase life Control 0.75% TOG-L-103


Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life : Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life Control 0.2% TOG-L-103


Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life : Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life


Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life : Control 0.2% TOG - 103 0.4% TOG-103 Gibberellin pulsing to retard early leaf senescence in Lilium L/A hybr. ‘Shira’ following 7 days of vase life


Leaf Wilting : Leaf Wilting Cytokinin Surfactants


Effect of TOG pulsing treatments on leaf wilting of chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers after 2 days of vase life : Effect of TOG pulsing treatments on leaf wilting of chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers after 2 days of vase life Control Surfactants 0.5% TOG-L-101 0.5% TOG-L-101 + Surfactants


Effect of pulsing treatments and their duration on leaf wilting and yellowing of chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers after 6 days of vase life : Effect of pulsing treatments and their duration on leaf wilting and yellowing of chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers after 6 days of vase life Control 0.5% TOG-L-101 + Surfactants


Effect of TOG-L-101 and surfactant on leaf wilting and status of tracheary elements in chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers : Effect of TOG-L-101 and surfactant on leaf wilting and status of tracheary elements in chrysanthemum (‘solorama’) cut flowers Cross section of re-open tracheary elements TOG-L-101 and surfactant treated stem trimmed in air


Effect of pulsing treatments on leaf wilting and yellowing of solidago (‘tara’) cut flowers after 8 days of vase life : Effect of pulsing treatments on leaf wilting and yellowing of solidago (‘tara’) cut flowers after 8 days of vase life Control 0.1% STS-75 0.5% TOG-L-101 + 0.1% STS-75


Effect of pulsing treatments on leaf wilting and yellowing of solidago (‘tara’) cut flowers after 11 days of vase life : Effect of pulsing treatments on leaf wilting and yellowing of solidago (‘tara’) cut flowers after 11 days of vase life Control 0.1% TOG-11 + 1% TOG-L-101


Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life : Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life Control


Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life : Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life 0.4% TOG-3


Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life : Effect of TOG® products on leaf wilting in Asclepias silky cut flowers during vase life 0.4% TOG-5


Flower Opening : Flower Opening Limonium Liatris Bulbinella Delphinium Sage Gypsophila


Postharvest pulsing treatments to improve flower opening and quality and to extend vase life : Postharvest pulsing treatments to improve flower opening and quality and to extend vase life Sucrose Methods of application: Pulsing treatment for 24 h Continuous treatment in holding solution during vase-life Combined application and pulsing treatment + holding solution


Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of limonium cut flowers : Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of limonium cut flowers 10% Sucrose in 0.4% TOG-3 Control ‘Beltlaard’ – 8 days


Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of limonium cut flowers : Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of limonium cut flowers 10% Sucrose in 0.4% TOG-3 Control ‘Emylie’ – 4 days


Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of gypsophila cut flowers : Effect of sucrose and preservatives pulsing on flower opening of gypsophila cut flowers 10% Sucrose in 0.15% TOG-3 + 0.1% STS-75 Control 0.15% TOG-3 + 0.1% STS-75


Effect of sucrose pulsing on flower opening of Liatris spicata cut flowers following 7 days of vase life : Effect of sucrose pulsing on flower opening of Liatris spicata cut flowers following 7 days of vase life Control 5% Sucrose in 0.2% TOG-3


Effect of sucrose pulsing or continuous treatments on flower opening of Bulbinella latifolia cut flowers following 5 days of vase life : Effect of sucrose pulsing or continuous treatments on flower opening of Bulbinella latifolia cut flowers following 5 days of vase life % Sucrose pulsing in TOG-6


Effect of sucrose pulsing treatments on flower opening of Delphinium consolida cut flowers following 7 days of vase life : Effect of sucrose pulsing treatments on flower opening of Delphinium consolida cut flowers following 7 days of vase life Control (TOG-6) 5% Sucrose in TOG-6 0.3% STS-75 + TOG-6 0.3% STS-75 + 5% Sucrose + TOG-6


Flower Senescence : Flower Senescence Effect of ethylene action inhibitors on senescence of cut carnation flowers 0.3% STS-75 200 ppb-MCP 0.1% TOG-1


Flower Senescence : Flower Senescence Effect of ethylene action inhibitors on senescence of cut carnation flowers Control 1-MCP STS-75 + Ethylene


Summary : Summary The results of our presented experiments clearly show the need of pre-treatments performed at the grower level with the T.O.G® products to guarantee maximal flower quality and extended vase life for the satisfaction of the consumer.