Pragmatic:
Pragmatic Mainly subjective
Coming over queer
Obviously objective
Falling
Movement disorders
Behaving strangely Subtly objective
Inattentiveness
Can’t classify
Blackouts
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Syncope:
Syncope
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Mainly psychological:
Mainly psychological
Mainly Psychological:
Mainly Psychological Hyperventilation
Munchausen-by-proxy
Challenging behaviour
Response to underarousal
Response to overousal
Non-epileptic attack disorder (NEAD)
Swoons
Tantrums
Abreaction
Simulation
Non-epileptic Attack Disorder:
Non-epileptic Attack Disorder Female andgt; male
Concomitant psychiatric disorder
Affective
Dissociative
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Non-epileptic Attack Disorder: Features:
Non-epileptic Attack Disorder: Features Longer ictal duration
Less stereotypy
Asynchronous limb movements
Alternating head movements
Pelvic thrusting prolactins
Reflexes
Resistance to passive eye opening
Placebo induction
NB ?Frontal lobe epilepsy
PNEAD & hysteria:
PNEAD andamp; hysteria Increased rate of soft neurological signs
increased history of brain injury
in many ‘hysterical’ states pseudoneurological symptoms may be referred to the non-dominant hemisphere
Important to remember that:
Important to remember that PNEAD does not confer immunity against epilepsy
epilepsy does not confer immunity to PNEAD, or to suggestibility or to wanting to please the doctor
is epilepsy sometimes pathogenic in PNEAD?
Post-traumatic stress disorder(e.g. abreactive type of non-epileptic seizure):
Post-traumatic stress disorder (e.g. abreactive type of non-epileptic seizure) may wake from sleep
flashback phenomena
the ‘stress’ may be sexual abuse