Presentation Transcript
Mechanized Logging Methods : Mechanized Logging Methods Mechanical felling, tree processing & forwarding equipment and systems
There are different levels of mechanized logging methods …. : There are different levels of mechanized logging methods …. E.g. “Low Level”: chainsaw felling & tree processing – line skidding
“Medium Level”: chainsaw felling – line skidding & tree processing at landing
“High Level”: harvester felling and tree processing – forwarding logs to landing
Mechanized Logging Methods (higher levels) : Mechanized Logging Methods (higher levels) General Disadvantages
Capital costs
Equipment utilization
Machine interaction
Hot logging
Cold logging
Tree size & terrain limitations General Advantages
Efficiency in harvesting small trees
Applications in commercial thinning
High technology benefits
Improved safety
Mechanized Harvesting Systems : Mechanized Harvesting Systems
Forest Resource management considerations with alternative mechanized harvesting systems ? : Forest Resource management considerations with alternative mechanized harvesting systems ?
Forest Resource management considerations with alternative mechanized harvesting systems …. Selecting a harvesting system? : Forest Resource management considerations with alternative mechanized harvesting systems …. Selecting a harvesting system? Soil degradation (disturbance, rutting, compaction, impacts on water quality)
Long term site productivity – the amount, composition, and location of woody debris
Where are the tree limbs and tops located?
Soil nutrient source?
Fire risk?
Damage to residual trees in a partial cut
Skidding distances and amount of area in truck roads
Landing size and spacing
Stand characteristics and terrain
Silvicultural strategy
Equipment availability & logging expertise
Single-grip Harvester : Single-grip Harvester 18” – 24” tree size
30’ max. boom reach
Rubber tire or track carrier
Forwarder : Forwarder 5 – 20 ton payloads
4 – 8 wheel drive
Cut-To-Length System : Cut-To-Length System Applications:
Thinning & fuels reduction
Forest Resource Considerations:
Tree limbs & tops left on forest trails
- no landing slash
- soil nutrient source
- equipment travel on slash
- fire risk -- may require follow-up slash treatment
Small landings
Low stand damage
Long forwarding distance – fewer roads
Cut-To-Length System : Cut-To-Length System Forest Resource Considerations:
Soil displacement (rutting) can occur on forwarder trails
Little soil scarification during logging – may require scarification for natural regeneration
Other Considerations:
Improved fiber recovery (e.g. lower value pulpwood)
Computer aided bucking decisions
Longer operating season
Short log handling system – complete system change
Longer term landowner commitment is important
Operator training
Double-Grip Harvester : Double-Grip Harvester
Tree-Length System : Tree-Length System Forest Resource Considerations
Tree limbs & tops left on forest trails BUT not dispersed as well compared to a cut-to-length system
Landings are larger than a cut-to-length system
Higher risk for residual stand damage than cut-to-length system
Fell and Bunch : Fell and Bunch Equipment options & terminology:
Drive-to-tree
Swing boom (excavator base – not self-leveling)
Swing boom (purpose built - self-leveling)
Semi-walking or walking
Slide17 : Drive-to-tree machine Drive-to-tree machine Drive to Tree Machines
Slide18 : Swing boom Feller Buncher Excavator base – not self leveling Purpose built – self leveling Purpose Built – Self Leveling Excavator Base
Slide19 : Walking machine
Slide20 : Shear Cutting Head
Slide21 : Non-Shear Cutting Heads Circular Saw
- Continuous
- Intermittent Chain-and-Bar Saw
Skid or Yard Whole Trees : Skid or Yard Whole Trees
Tree Processing at the Landing : Tree Processing at the Landing Equipment Options & Terminology:
Gate delimber
Stroke-boom delimber
Stroke-deck delimber
Grapple processor (dangle head)
Pull-through delimber
Chipper
Chain flail delimber/debarker & chipper
Slide24 : Gate Delimber
Slide25 : Stroke Boom Delimber
Slide27 : Stroke Deck Delimber
Slide28 : Grapple Processor
limbing & topping only;
no felling
Slide29 : Pull Through Delimber
Slide30 : Chain Flail
Slide31 : Chain Flail and Chipper
Whole-tree System : Whole-tree System Applications:
Clearcut & fuel reduction
Forest Resource Considerations:
Tree limbs & tops brought to the landing
- large landing slash piles
- soil nutrient problems on some sites
- “clean logging” of site may eliminate burning
& site preparation need
- opportunities to utilize slash at the landing
Large landings needed
Equipment doesn’t travel on slash mat
Hard to control damage to residual trees in thinning
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