Assessment due :Assessment due Explanations of aggression: Gang behaviour


Review of last lesson: :Review of last lesson: Outlined & evaluated studies in eating behaviours and attitudes… What did we say about the following and their influences on eating behaviours? Social class SLT Culture Media


Evaluation of ethnicity as an explanation for eating behaviour :Evaluation of ethnicity as an explanation for eating behaviour Opposing: Mumford et al: Incidence of bulimia was greater among Asian schoolgirls than among white girls. Opposing: Strigel-Moore et al: More evidence of “drive to thinness” in black rather than white girls.


Evaluation of social class as explanation for eating behaviour :Evaluation of social class as explanation for eating behaviour Opposing: Story et al: The higher the social class among American students, the greater the satisfaction with weight an the lower the rates of weight control behaviours such as vomiting. Other research has not found a direct correlation between social class and body perception issues.


We know that women worry about body image….do men? :We know that women worry about body image….do men? http://www.channel4.com/programmes/extreme-male-beauty/4od#2972634 Total body change-10:00-15:30 Go the cosmetics way?-17:33-18:30


Eating behaviours case study: Binge eating :Eating behaviours case study: Binge eating Why are people eating like this? Let’s read the diary of a binge eater Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee1LIqSXOwY Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixvFKwlqcEM&NR=1


Slide 7:Comfort eating: Garg et al: 2 groups-one watched happy film, the other depressing one. Both offered grapes & buttered popcorn throughout the film. Those watching sad film – 36% more popcorn than other group, but the other group ate far more grapes than the sad film group. Conclusion: People who feel sad will eat foods that will give them a sudden rush of euphoria. Happy people want to extend their happy mood and therefore choose healthy foods.


Mood & eating behaviour :Mood & eating behaviour Binge-eating: There is often anxiety before binge-eating. Davis et al found that one hour before a binge, a bulimic had more negative mood states than at normal eating times. Wenger at al supports: Students recorded eating habits and mood states over a 2-week period. Findings: Binge days were characterised by generally low mood compared to non-binge days.


Mood & eating behaviours evaluated :Mood & eating behaviours evaluated Supporting: Studies do show that when people have low mood, they eat and their mood lifts, although temporarily and then they have another dip. Chocolate: Parker et al: Although chocolate has slight antidepressant effects for some people, when consumed to improve mood, it is more likely to prolong rather than alleviate negative mood, especially if used repeatedly.


Evaluation of attitudes to food and eating behaviours research :Evaluation of attitudes to food and eating behaviours research Gender bias: Mostly done on females, although studies have shown that homosexual men also suffer the same disordered eating attitudes and behaviour. They also had more instances of bulimia compared to heterosexual men. Generalisibility: The studies we’ve covered have a wide variety of samples, from clinical to non-clinical Pps. WE can therefore not really generalise results to determining if there are universal reasons why eating disorders exist.


Review of lesson :Review of lesson What factors are involved in your eating habits according to research? What is the link between emotions & mood and eating behaviours? According to research, is chocolate the ultimate comfort food? Why has research on eating behaviours been criticised for generalisability and gender?


The Psychology of dieting: Explanations for the success and failure of dieting :The Psychology of dieting: Explanations for the success and failure of dieting Super size vs Superskinny: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xMz4EYaa2s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_vSiGYhAjc&feature=related South Beach Diet-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xMz4EYaa2s


Basic forms of dieting: :Basic forms of dieting: Restricting the amount of food consumed Refraining from eating certain types of food Avoiding eating for long periods of time Psychological reasons for dieting, success and failure in dieting


Explanations of the impact of dieting :Explanations of the impact of dieting Restraint theory: 89% of female UK population consciously restrain food intake at some point in their lives (Klesges et al) Herman & Mack: Restraint theory: Attempting not to eat, actually increases probability of over-eating Supported by Earle & Beales: 27 obese women, 3 groups, 7 weeks.Results showed that at both assessment intervals, women in the diet condition are more than women in the exercise or non-treatment condition.


Explanations for the success of failure of dieting :Explanations for the success of failure of dieting The boundary model:Herman & Polivy: Why does dieting lead to over-eating? Biological systems: Hunger keeps intake of food above a certain minimum and satiety works to keep intake below maximum level. But, psychological factors interfere with these functions. For dieters: Longer to feel hungry and more food to satisfy them = failed diet


Slide 16:The role of denial in dieting: Attempting to suppress or deny a thought frequently has the opposite effect. Wegner et al: Asked Pps not to think of a white bear, but asked to ring bell if they did and allowed other PPs to think about the bear. Results: Those told not to think about bear rang bell much more often than those allowed to think about it. How does that affect diet? If you can’t have it, you want it more and are likely to binge when you allow yourself to have it.


Characteristics of diets that succeed :Characteristics of diets that succeed Redden: The secret is in paying attention to what we eat. He found that the more you repeat an eating experience, the less you want it. Tested by Redden “Jelly bean experiment”. The more details PPS were given about the flavour of a jelly bean, PPs wanted them less. If jelly beans were refferred to as Jelly Bean No7, people didn’t get bored with having more.


Class experiment :Class experiment Aim: To understand the background to teenager’s eating behaviours (media, parental modelling, culture, peers etc) and to investigate what % of boys & girls have been on a diet and to discuss with them their diet successes and failures. 4 image conscious males. 4 image conscious females. Interview about: How they learnt to eat the way they do What diets have they tried? What the aim of the diet was (image or health)? Which diet was successful and why did they think it succeeded? Why did the other diets not work? Provide a conclusion to both aims above.