logging in or signing up mt st thomas 06 Arundel0 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 140 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: June 20, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: More on the A-Word Credit: Anthony Aguirre, Martin Rees, Frank Wilczek Blame: Max Tegmark Slide2: dse Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Four gradual discoveries: The Universe is much larger than once imagined The Universe can be well described mathematically In most theories, we can’t observe everything that exists There are selection effects Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom How big is our Universe? Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Four gradual discoveries: The Universe is much larger than once imagined The Universe can be well described mathematically In most theories, we can’t observe everything that exists There are selection effects - probability that a random point in our observable universe is near the surface of a planet ~ 10-43 Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom If we want to test a mathematical theory predicting a larger universe than we can observe, then we’re forced to compute anthropic selection effects. That this is hard isn’t Alex Vilenkin’s fault! So we shouldn’t vent our frustrations on those who try to work on the problem.. Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl The Standard Model Lagrangian (From T.D. Gutierrez) L= Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Standard model parameters: Cosmology Particle physics Required Optional Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl How measure? Standard model parameters: Cosmology Particle physics Required Optional Why these values? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Slide12: wmap movie Slide13: (Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team) Slide14: Fluctuation generator Fluctuation amplifier (Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team) Hot Dense Smooth Cool Rarefied Clumpy Brief History of the Universe Slide15: MATTER BUDGET INITIAL CONDITIONS (Q) Required Optional tot Slide16: OUR TOOLS Smorgasbord: Smorgasbord Slide18: Measuring clustering History: History CMB Foreground-cleaned WMAP map from Tegmark, de Oliveira-Costa andamp; Hamilton, astro-ph/0302496 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 1000 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 2.4 Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 0.8 Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 Boomzoom: Boom zoom Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 z = 0 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS Clusters CMB Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates 1parmovies: 1par movies Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB 1parmovies: 1par movies Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB 1parmovies: 1par movies Lya LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB Slide30: But the best is yet to come… Precision, 21cm tomography, … Slide31: Cosmological data Fundamental theory Cosmological Parameters Nature of dark matter? Nature of dark energy? Nature of early Universe? Why these particular values? Slide32: PREDICTING Slide33: PREDICTING It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future. Yogi Berra Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Parameter status? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Parameter status? Environmental Environmental Fundamental? Fundamental? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom What are the 4 multiverse levels like? Same effective laws of physics, different initial conditions Same fundamental laws of physics, different effective laws Nothing qualitatively new Different fundamental laws of physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl What determines the constants of nature? What do the constants of nature determine? Most of our paper Motivates B Certified 100% philosophy free! Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Three little numbers: Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp M~ mp Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ 1/1/21/2mp2 M~ 3/23/2 /mp2 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~1/mp21/2 M~ 3/2 /mp2 Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp3/23/4 M~ 3/4 /mp1/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp3/23/4 M~ 3/4 /mp1/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl M~ /mp2 Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ 3 /mp33/2 M~ 5 /mp31/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp5 M~ /mp5 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Based on Carr andamp; Rees 1979, Barrow andamp; Tipler 1986 Inside black hole Below quantum limit Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Based on Carr andamp; Rees 1979, Barrow andamp; Tipler 1986 Inside black hole Below quantum limit Fine-tuning? NO! Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom MT 1998, gr-qc/9704009, Ann. Phys., 270, 1-51 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Most spectacular fine tuning known outside cosmology is arguably in nuclear physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Agrawal, Barr, Donoghue andamp; Seckel 1998, PRL, 80, 1822 v/v0andlt;0.5: protons (uud) decay into neutrons (udd) v/v0andlt;0.8: diproton andamp; dineutron v/v0=1: we are here v/v0andgt;2: deuterium unstable v/v0andgt;5: neutrons (udd) unstable even in nuclei v/v0andgt;103: protons (uud) decay to ++ (uuu) Effect of Higgs VEV v=246 GeV: Savas will return to this! Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Jeltema andamp; Sher, hep-ph/9905494 carbon carbon carbon oxygen oxygen oxygen 20 Msun 5 Msun 1.3 Msun + 8Be 8Be+ 12C 12C+ 16O C andamp; O yield given by one parameter that depends on , mu/QCD, md/QCD : Oberhummer, Csoto andamp; Schlattl, astro-ph/0007178, Science, 289, 88 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl 4 effective spatial dimensions: no stable orbits, no stable atoms (Ehrenfest 1917; Tangherlini 1963) MT 1997, gr-qc/9702052, Class. Quant. Grav., 14, L69-75 Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom MT 1997, gr-qc/9702052, Class. Quant. Grav., 14, L69-75 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl HOW TEST/RULE OUT A THEORY? A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl HOW TEST/RULE OUT A THEORY? A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Some papers ignore this factor Neither term is optional! `: ` V() 1 2 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl * 2nd term: involves astrophysics, not biology, since we’re not made of dark matter Challenge: find an example where both terms can be computed. Case study: axion dark matter * 1st term: Prior: analytically computable Boomzoom: Boom zoom Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 z = 0 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Measured value=4eV Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl DARK MATTER CONCLUSIONS: Axions theory appears viable If WIMPs contribute up cosmologically relevant dark matter density, then natural to have two dark matters! So any LHC SUSY hints need precision followup, perhaps with linear accelerator Work needed on both terms fprior(p) andamp; fselec(p) Wish list 1: fprior(p) from inflation, landscape Wish list 2: fselec(p) from chemistry andamp; nuclear physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Debating what to choose? There’s no choice! A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Some papers ignore this factor No need to choose between traditional and anthropic calculations - neither is optional! Slide74: Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Bottom line: Taking anthropic selection effects is not optional when confronting a theory with observation Parallel universes are not a theory but a prediction of certain falsifiable theories (cf. black hole interiors) Critique of anthropic reasoning has largely shifted from 'It makes no sense and I don’t like it' to 'I don’t like it' I think it’s good that many people disagree with my views! Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Beware anthropic principle taken to the Epicurean extreme: 'The Universe must be such that we like it' Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Even if we can’t predict everything, the universe still isn’t so bad! You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
mt st thomas 06 Arundel0 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 140 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: June 20, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: More on the A-Word Credit: Anthony Aguirre, Martin Rees, Frank Wilczek Blame: Max Tegmark Slide2: dse Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Four gradual discoveries: The Universe is much larger than once imagined The Universe can be well described mathematically In most theories, we can’t observe everything that exists There are selection effects Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom How big is our Universe? Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Four gradual discoveries: The Universe is much larger than once imagined The Universe can be well described mathematically In most theories, we can’t observe everything that exists There are selection effects - probability that a random point in our observable universe is near the surface of a planet ~ 10-43 Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom If we want to test a mathematical theory predicting a larger universe than we can observe, then we’re forced to compute anthropic selection effects. That this is hard isn’t Alex Vilenkin’s fault! So we shouldn’t vent our frustrations on those who try to work on the problem.. Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl The Standard Model Lagrangian (From T.D. Gutierrez) L= Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Standard model parameters: Cosmology Particle physics Required Optional Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl How measure? Standard model parameters: Cosmology Particle physics Required Optional Why these values? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Slide12: wmap movie Slide13: (Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team) Slide14: Fluctuation generator Fluctuation amplifier (Graphics from Gary Hinshaw/WMAP team) Hot Dense Smooth Cool Rarefied Clumpy Brief History of the Universe Slide15: MATTER BUDGET INITIAL CONDITIONS (Q) Required Optional tot Slide16: OUR TOOLS Smorgasbord: Smorgasbord Slide18: Measuring clustering History: History CMB Foreground-cleaned WMAP map from Tegmark, de Oliveira-Costa andamp; Hamilton, astro-ph/0302496 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 1000 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 2.4 Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 Boomzoom: Boom zoom z = 0.8 Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 Boomzoom: Boom zoom Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 z = 0 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS Clusters Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates 1parmovies: 1par movies LSS Clusters CMB Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates 1parmovies: 1par movies Ly LSS Clusters Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB 1parmovies: 1par movies Ly LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB 1parmovies: 1par movies Lya LSS Clusters Lensing Tegmark andamp; Zaldarriaga, astro-ph/0207047 + updates CMB Slide30: But the best is yet to come… Precision, 21cm tomography, … Slide31: Cosmological data Fundamental theory Cosmological Parameters Nature of dark matter? Nature of dark energy? Nature of early Universe? Why these particular values? Slide32: PREDICTING Slide33: PREDICTING It's tough to make predictions, especially about the future. Yogi Berra Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Parameter status? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Parameter status? Environmental Environmental Fundamental? Fundamental? Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom What are the 4 multiverse levels like? Same effective laws of physics, different initial conditions Same fundamental laws of physics, different effective laws Nothing qualitatively new Different fundamental laws of physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl What determines the constants of nature? What do the constants of nature determine? Most of our paper Motivates B Certified 100% philosophy free! Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Three little numbers: Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp M~ mp Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ 1/1/21/2mp2 M~ 3/23/2 /mp2 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~1/mp21/2 M~ 3/2 /mp2 Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp3/23/4 M~ 3/4 /mp1/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp3/23/4 M~ 3/4 /mp1/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl M~ /mp2 Weisskopf 1975 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ 3 /mp33/2 M~ 5 /mp31/2 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl R~ /mp5 M~ /mp5 Carr andamp; Rees 1979 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Based on Carr andamp; Rees 1979, Barrow andamp; Tipler 1986 Inside black hole Below quantum limit Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Based on Carr andamp; Rees 1979, Barrow andamp; Tipler 1986 Inside black hole Below quantum limit Fine-tuning? NO! Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom MT 1998, gr-qc/9704009, Ann. Phys., 270, 1-51 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Most spectacular fine tuning known outside cosmology is arguably in nuclear physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Agrawal, Barr, Donoghue andamp; Seckel 1998, PRL, 80, 1822 v/v0andlt;0.5: protons (uud) decay into neutrons (udd) v/v0andlt;0.8: diproton andamp; dineutron v/v0=1: we are here v/v0andgt;2: deuterium unstable v/v0andgt;5: neutrons (udd) unstable even in nuclei v/v0andgt;103: protons (uud) decay to ++ (uuu) Effect of Higgs VEV v=246 GeV: Savas will return to this! Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Jeltema andamp; Sher, hep-ph/9905494 carbon carbon carbon oxygen oxygen oxygen 20 Msun 5 Msun 1.3 Msun + 8Be 8Be+ 12C 12C+ 16O C andamp; O yield given by one parameter that depends on , mu/QCD, md/QCD : Oberhummer, Csoto andamp; Schlattl, astro-ph/0007178, Science, 289, 88 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl 4 effective spatial dimensions: no stable orbits, no stable atoms (Ehrenfest 1917; Tangherlini 1963) MT 1997, gr-qc/9702052, Class. Quant. Grav., 14, L69-75 Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom MT 1997, gr-qc/9702052, Class. Quant. Grav., 14, L69-75 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl HOW TEST/RULE OUT A THEORY? A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl HOW TEST/RULE OUT A THEORY? A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Some papers ignore this factor Neither term is optional! `: ` V() 1 2 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl * 2nd term: involves astrophysics, not biology, since we’re not made of dark matter Challenge: find an example where both terms can be computed. Case study: axion dark matter * 1st term: Prior: analytically computable Boomzoom: Boom zoom Mathis, Lemson, Springel, Kauffmann, White andamp; Dekel 2001 z = 0 Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Measured value=4eV Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl DARK MATTER CONCLUSIONS: Axions theory appears viable If WIMPs contribute up cosmologically relevant dark matter density, then natural to have two dark matters! So any LHC SUSY hints need precision followup, perhaps with linear accelerator Work needed on both terms fprior(p) andamp; fselec(p) Wish list 1: fprior(p) from inflation, landscape Wish list 2: fselec(p) from chemistry andamp; nuclear physics Cmbgg OmOl: Cmbgg OmOl Debating what to choose? There’s no choice! A theory is tested by confronting its prediction f(p) with the observed parameter vector pobs Prediction f(p) fprior(p) fselec(p) Some fast-and-loose anthropic arguments ignore this factor Some papers ignore this factor No need to choose between traditional and anthropic calculations - neither is optional! Slide74: Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Bottom line: Taking anthropic selection effects is not optional when confronting a theory with observation Parallel universes are not a theory but a prediction of certain falsifiable theories (cf. black hole interiors) Critique of anthropic reasoning has largely shifted from 'It makes no sense and I don’t like it' to 'I don’t like it' I think it’s good that many people disagree with my views! Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Beware anthropic principle taken to the Epicurean extreme: 'The Universe must be such that we like it' Big Bang Zoom: Big Bang Zoom Even if we can’t predict everything, the universe still isn’t so bad!