nu fact 02

NuFact’02: 

NuFact’02 Summary of NuFact’02 Rob Edgecock CERN-PS andamp; RAL

Outline: 

Outline Introduction to the Neutrino Factory NuFact School NuFact’02 The machine and Randamp;D Neutrino Oscillations Conclusions If you have questions, please interrupt

Introduction: 

Introduction CERN layout: 2.2 GeV protons; 50 GeV muons

Introduction: 

Introduction NF capable of producing intense beams of Neutrinos: long baseline neutrino oscillations (only future project guaranteed physics BSM) Neutrinos: short baseline, high precision physics studies Muons: precision measurements, MuSR, MuCF, etc Kaons: rare decays, etc Test bed for High power proton projects: neutron spallation, waste transmutation, etc Muon collider: particularly cooling

NuFact School: 

NuFact School 1st International Neutrino Factory Summer Institute 23 students, 12 lecturers (and a cat) Aim: to provide an introduction to NuFact The Cosener’s House, near to RAL See cern.ch/mellis/physics/nufact/nufact_school.html for photos

NuFact School: 

NuFact School Programme: Physics of Massive Neutrinos: Boris Kayser Basic Accelerator Physics: Ted Wilson Neutrino Factory: Bennett/Geer/Kaplan/ Mori/Palmer/Prior Slow Muons: Yoshi Kuno Neutrino Detectors: Harris/McFarland Neutrinos in Astrophysics: Bob Bingham Very positive response from students (the cat, however, was only interested in MICE) Second school is planned before NuFact’03

Introduction to NuFact’02: 

Introduction to NuFact’02

Introduction: 

Introduction At Imperial College, London 4th in the series: Lyon, Monterey CA, Tsukuba 161 participants, 14 from CERN (cf 23 in 2000) – (no cats) Programme:

Introduction: 

Introduction Four working groups: (1) Machine - B.Autin (CERN), R.Fernow (BNL), S.Machida (KEK) (2) Neutrino oscillations - D.Harris (FNAL), S.King (Soton), O.Yasuda (TMU) (3) Non-oscillation - A.Kataev (Moscow), S.Kumano neutrino physics (SAGA), K.McFarland (Rochester) (4) Non-neutrino science - K.Jungmann (KVI), J-M.Poutissou (TRIUMF), K.Yoshimura (KEK) 49 Plenary talks, 106 parallel talks ~85 hours of talks!

Social events…..: 

Social events….. Reception at Vandamp;A Silver Gallery Banquet in Flight Gallery, Science Museum Attended by Lord Sainsbury – Minister of Science Sir Richard Sykes – Rector of IC Prof Ian Halliday – CEO PPARC Positive sign (hopefully) for UK funding

The Machine: 

The Machine Proton drivers Targetry Particle production measurements RF manipulation Cooling Muon acceleration -beams Emphasize changes since NuFact’01

Proton Drivers: 

Proton Drivers Range of energies: 2.2 to 50 GeV Some multiple purpose: PP + other areas Some multi-functional: superbeams, -beams, NF But….. 1-4 MW, ~ns bunch length

Proton Drivers: 

Proton Drivers For CERN, two possibilities: SPL Wyss

Proton Drivers: 

Proton Drivers 30 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the ISR tunnel

Proton Drivers: 

Proton Drivers Cost comparison Schönauer SPL: driver for a conventional superbeam to Frejus driver for -beams Randamp;D already started with CEA RCS: replacement for PS

Others……JHF: 

Others……JHF JHF Facility Construction 2001～2006 (approved) JAERI@Tokai-mura (60km N.E. of KEK) (0.77MW)

JHF: 

JHF ~1GeV n beam Kamioka JAERI (Tokaimura) 0.77MW 50 GeV PS ( conventional n beam) Super-K: 22.5 kt 4MW 50 GeV PS Hyper-K: 1000 kt Phase-I (0.77MW + Super-Kamiokande) Phase-II (4MW+Hyper-K) ~ Phase-I  200 Plan to start in 2007 Kobayashi

JHF Superbeam: 

JHF Superbeam Kobayashi 'Conventional' neutrino beam 'Off-axis'

JHF Neutrino Factory: 

JHF Neutrino Factory Neuffer Neutrino Factory based on FFAGs: Fixed Field Alternating Gradient synchrotrons

Others…..: 

Others….. Rees Upgrade to the AGS – BNL to Homestake/ WIPP superbeam See hep-ex/0205040 ISIS upgrade: New ring, R=78m; ISIS R=26m 3 GeV at 50Hz – 1MW neutron spallation source 8 GeV at 50/3 Hz – 1MW Randamp;D for a Neutrino Factory Same RF, modified magnet P/S for 8 GeV Possibility of developing to 4MW Kahn

Targetry: 

Proposed rotating tantalum target ring Targetry Many difficulties: enormous power density  lifetime problems pion capture Replace target between bunches: Liquid mercury jet or rotating solid target Stationary target: Densham Sievers

Liquid Hg Tests: 

Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a proton beam at BNL. Proton power 16kW in 100ns Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s Kirk 0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s

Liquid Hg Tests: 

Liquid Hg Tests Tests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble. B = 0T Mercury jet (v=15 m/s) B = 18T Fabich/Lettry Jet deflection Reduction in velocity

Pion Capture: Solenoids: 

Pion Capture: Solenoids Kirk 20T 1.25T

Pion Capture: Horn: 

Pion Capture: Horn Protons Current of 300 kA To decay channel p Hg target B1/R B = 0 Gilardoni

Pion Capture: Horn: 

Pion Capture: Horn Gilardoni Inner conductor Tests of inner horn prototype delayed due to budget constraints

Particle Production Experiments: 

Particle Production Experiments

Phase Rotation: 

Phase Rotation Beam after drift plus adiabatic buncher – Beam is formed into string of ~ 200MHz bunches Beam after ~200MHz rf rotation; Beam is formed into string of equal-energy bunches; matched to cooling rf acceptance Neuffer

Phase Rotation: 

Phase Rotation Studyii Many ideas: Induction linac Drift and bunching Phase rotation in an FFAG Bunch to bucket at 88MHz Magnetic compression in AG chicane Weak focussing FFAG chicane Neuffer Sato Hanke Pasternak Rees/Harold

Muon Frontend Chicane: 

Muon Frontend Chicane Pion-muon decay channel 88 MHz muon linac Rees/Harold

Muon Frontend Chicane: 

Muon Frontend Chicane

Muon Frontend Chicane: 

Muon Frontend Chicane Solenoid channel Es=190MeV RF phase rotation channel Es=190MeV Linac Es=400MeV (Transmission =77%) Solenoid channel Es=190MeV Inverse rotation channel Es=190MeV Linac Es=400MeV Transmission comparable to 44/88MHz scheme

Cooling: 

Cooling Cooling  andgt;10 increase in muon flux Existing techniques can’t be used  ionsation cooling Cooling is delicate balance: beam in beam out

Cooling: 

Cooling Cooling cells are complex Randamp;D essential: MuCool, MuScat and MICE McKigney

Cooling: 

Cooling Main change: Rings! Balbekov Palmer Main advantages: shorter longitudinal cooling

More Rings: 

More Rings Cline Quadrupole Ring Cooler RFOFO Ring Cooler Palmer

Performance: 

Performance Merit = 6 x trans. But….. Insertion  110 RF windows Wedge absorber Injection kicker Palmer

Performance: 

Performance

MuScat: 

MuScat Measurement of muon multiple scattering Input for cooling simulations and MICE First (technical) run at TRIUMF summer 2000, M11 beam Run2: Oct 2002/Apr 2003 New people welcome! Murray

MICE: 

MICE MICE Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment Collaboration of 40 institutes from Europe, Japan, US LOI recently reviewed by international panel at RAL Enthusiastically supported MICE Asked for a proposal by end 2002 Construction: 2002-2004 First beam: 2004/5 New collaborators welcome! Edgecock

MICE: 

MICE Muon Acceleration Needs to be fast – muon lifetime Needs to be a reasonable cost – not linacs all the way Baseline: Recirculating Linear Accelerators Other possibilities…… Bogacz

MICE: 

MICE FFAGs Fixed Field Alternating Gradient  magnets not ramped Cheaper/faster RLAs/RCSs Large momentum acceptance Large transverse acceptance  less cooling required! Johnstone/Machida/Neuffer

MICE: 

MICE FFAGs Proof Of Principle machine built and tested in Japan. 50keV to 500keV in 1ms. 150MeV FFAG under construction. But….. Injection/extraction Low frequency 6.5MHz high gradient

MICE: 

MICE VRCS Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz  20ms Proposal: accelerate in 58s  4.3kHz Do it 15 times a second For 2  20 GeV: Ring – 350m circumference RF – 200 MHz, 15 MV/m, possibly s/c Magnets – 100 micron laminations of thick grain oriented silicon steel Eddy current losses: 45MW  24kW Skin depth: 94 microns Power supplies: 115kV x 81kA Copper heating: 600 + 800W Also proposed: 20  180 GeV 180  1600 GeV Summers

MICE: 

MICE Storage Ring Straights should be large fraction Should point at two far detectors Come in various shapes Fraction of decays in a straight Length straights/length arcs

MICE: 

MICE -Beams Produce radioactive beta emitters with T½~1s Accelerate and store: ISOL Target and ECR Linac Cyclotron Storage Ring PS SPS Decay ring/Buncher SPL Lindroos/Wenander/Zucchelli

MICE: 

MICE -Beams Source: 6He T½=0.81s Elab= 580 MeV 5 x 1013/s Source: 18Ne T½=1.67s Elab= 930 MeV 1012/s Single flavour Known intensity andamp; energy spectrum Focussed Low energy Complementary to superbeams: same baseline/detector But…… not cheap, needs Randamp;D, decays losses a problem

Neutrino Oscillations: 

Neutrino Oscillations Mixing described by For 3-flavour eigenstates U is Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (MNS): 6 parameters: 3 mixing angles - θ23,θ12 and θ13 CP-violation angle - δ 2 mass differences - Δm223 and Δm212 Transition probability:

Neutrino Oscillations: 

Neutrino Oscillations Or more precisely (in vacuum) Kimura In matter Mena where

What don’t we know?: 

What don’t we know? Which solar solution is correct (just) Atmospheric params (accurately) 13 (at all)  (' ') Sign of m223 (' ') Whether LSND is correct 'Holy grail' -   matter-antimatter  leptogenesis Choubey Ibarra/Morozumi/Pluemacher (Davdison andamp; Ibarra, hep-ph/0206304:  important over much of parameter space)

What about 13 and ?: 

What about 13 and ? Near term: $100-200M Mid-term: andgt;$300M Long term: andgt;$1B Kobayashi Harris

Comparison: 

Comparison Huber 90% CL JHF-HK = 4MW, 1000kT; 6 years , 2 years NuFact-II = 5.3 x1020 useful /yr, 50kT; 4 years 

Comparison: 

Comparison Zucchelli SB+BB = 400kT; Nufact = 2x40kT (M. Mezzetto, NNN02)

Degeneracies: 

Degeneracies Degeneracy: 2 or more parameter sets fit the same data Three types, all of which can effect measurement of  andamp; 13: 13=8o, =-90o, 0o, 90o, 180o (1) (2) (3) (1) 

Degeneracies: 

Degeneracies 13 large NB depends on L/E  possible solutions Two baselines and E-dependence at NF NF + SB combination Two off-axis detectors e as well as e Mena Huber/Mena Whisnant Meloni

Degeneracies: 

Degeneracies Mena NuFact at 2810km + SB at 130KM NuFact at 732km + SB at 130KM large small

Comments……: 

Comments…… Neutrino Factory is still the best We must continue with the Randamp;D! Resources are scarce: Cannot do everything Must build complementary programme based on physics Degeneracy: Better SB + large (water) detector than two NF detectors – SN, proton decay, etc Weighing difference proposals will be painful Delicate balance: keep  growing prevent fragmentation Harris/Mezzetto Mezzetto Harris

LSND: 

LSND + decay at rest: 87.9  22.4  6.0 (3.8) + decay in flight: 8.1  12.2  1.7 (0.7) Coney

LSND: 

LSND (3+1) 2+2 Valle Analysis of osc. data  (3+1) ruled out at 4.8 (2+2) ' ' ' 2.5 Other possibilities? CPT violation: Not yet excluded by data. MiniBooNE:

LSND: 

LSND Babu Lepton flavour violating muon decay Branching ratio: (1.5 – 3) x 10-3 Not yet excluded. MiniBooNE: uses + decays  would see nothing! Whatever MiniBooNE sees, LSND is still alive!

Conclusions: 

Conclusions NuFact’02: very enjoyable and well organised Nice location (despite the weather) Good attendance Lots of new ideas NF is still the ultimate LBL neutrino oscillation facility Very important Randamp;D continues Need a complementary oscillation programme NuFact’03……..

NuFact’03: 

NuFact’03 NuFact 03 5th International Workshop on Neutrino Factories andamp; Superbeams Columbia University New York 5 – 11 June 2003

NuFact’03: 

NuFact’03 Chairs R. Fernow andamp; M. Shaevitz Local Organizing Group J. S. Berg (BNL) J. Conrad (Columbia) L. Coney (Columbia) S. Geer (FNAL) D. Harris (FNAL) J. Monroe (Columbia) Para (FNAL)