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Ten Elements of the External Business Environment: 

Ten Elements of the External Business Environment

1. Government Regulation: 

1. Government Regulation Traditional Industry Regulation - ICC, CAB, FCC New Regulation - CPSC, OSHA, EEOC Markets and Competition - Anti-Trust

2. Energy and the Physical Environment: 

2. Energy and the Physical Environment EPA- Environmental Protection Agency

3. Labor and Human Resources: 

3. Labor and Human Resources Labor Movement Diverse Workforce Immigration Policy Public Sector Unions

4. Technology: 

4. Technology Robotics and Plant Automation Computers in the Office Elimination of Jobs

5. Welfare and the Provision of Public Services: 

5. Welfare and the Provision of Public Services Public Service Provision - Roads, Sewer, Water, etc.. Welfare - Welfare Reform Social Security

6. Inflation, Unemployment and the National Output: 

6. Inflation, Unemployment and the National Output Overall Economic Conditions GDP, Unemployment Rate, CPI, i rates, Stock Market Fiscal Policy Monetary Policy

7. Regional and Local Issues: 

7. Regional and Local Issues Politics and Public Policy Growth and Development or Decline New Industry

8. International Events: 

8. International Events Globalization of Industry International Trade End of Communism Wars, International Strife

9. The Political System: 

9. The Political System Public Policy Affects All Elements of the External Environment of Business Course of Public Policy is Crucial Liberal, Conservative Democrat, Republican, Independent

10. Social Responsibility and Ethics: 

10. Social Responsibility and Ethics Concerns Business Response Social Responsibility - What is it? Ethics

Implications for Management: 

Implications for Management Planning Organizing Controlling Staffing/Rewarding

Pullman Standard Corporation: 

Pullman Standard Corporation Largest Railcar Manufacturer in US 1980 Sales $800 Mill per Year 5,000 Employees 1982 Sales $0 25 Employees

How Could This Happen?: 

How Could This Happen? 1972 Russian Wheat Deal Grain Backed Up at Gulf Ports ICC - Allocated Hopper Cars to Small Shippers Tax Shelters Oil Price Increases

Result - Tremendous Increase in Demand for Railcars: 

Result - Tremendous Increase in Demand for Railcars Pullman Produced Railcars as Fast as it Could

1980’s Changes: 

1980’s Changes Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Wheat Deal became Grain Embargo

1980’s Changes: 

1980’s Changes ICC Removed Restrictions on Grain Hopper Cars Staggers Rail Act of 1980 Tax Laws Changed Economy - Recession End to Increase in Oil Prices Internal Factors

Result: 

Result Pullman Closed its Doors in Two Years 25 Employees Zero Sales