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Paleozoic Vertebrates and Plants: 

Paleozoic Vertebrates and Plants Chapter 13 Part 2

Chapter 12&13 summary: 

Chapter 12&13 summary

Review of Paleozoic vertebrates: 

Review of Paleozoic vertebrates Jawless fish Jawed fish Eventually to amphibians

Slide4: 

Can amphibians take over the world? Dependence on water for reproduction

Amniote egg: 

Amniote egg Egg hatch as mini adult Skip larval stage With amniote egg: reptiles

Oldest known reptile - Mississippian: 

Oldest known reptile - Mississippian

Oldest reptile - Mississippian: 

Oldest reptile - Mississippian Reptile differences: Skull, jawbone better for chewing

Pennsylvanian reptiles Hylonomus 30 cm long: 

Pennsylvanian reptiles Hylonomus 30 cm long Small for agility Easier to keep warm/burrow Easier to heat by sun

Pennsylvanian reptiles: 

Pennsylvanian reptiles Trapped in trees? Made dens there?

Slide10: 

Reptiles appear in Carboniferous Permian: reptiles dominate & amphibians displaced Why so successful? Advanced: Reproduction Movement Jaws/teeth

Permian reptiles: 

Permian reptiles Dominant group: Pelycosaurs (finbacks) Herbivores and carnivores

Dominant group: Pelycosaurs (finbacks): 

Dominant group: Pelycosaurs (finbacks) How can you tell herbivore vs. carnivore?

Finback reptile fossil: 

Finback reptile fossil Purpose of sail to: Scare off attacker? Protection? Sexual display? Thermal regulation?

Permian reptiles: 

Permian reptiles Pelycosaurs extinct in Permian Succeeded by therapsids Mammal-like reptiles

Permian therapsids: 

Permian therapsids Small-medium animals Start of mammal features Fewer skull bones Larger lower jaw Teeth with different functions More vertical legs Hair?

Permian therapsids: 

Permian therapsids Small-medium animals Start of mammal features Fewer skull bones Larger lower jaw Teeth with different functions More vertical legs Hair?

Permian therapsids: 

Permian therapsids Small-medium animals Start of mammal features Fewer skull bones Larger lower jaw Teeth with different functions More vertical legs Hair?

Permian therapsids: 

Permian therapsids Small-medium animals Start of mammal features Fewer skull bones Larger lower jaw Teeth with different functions More vertical legs Hair?

Permian theraspids: 

Permian theraspids Endothermic? (warm-blooded) Maintain constant body temperature Why important? How to prove/disprove?

End of Paleozoic: 

End of Paleozoic 90% of reptiles were therapsids 2/3 of reptiles wiped out in Permian extinction Plants were less affected

Two groups of plants: 

Two groups of plants Nonvascular: mosses, liverworts, fungi need water for survival. Vascular plants: tissue system to move water, nutrients (most land plants) Earliest land plants: nonvascular Evolved into vascular plants

Earliest vascular plant spores: Ordovician: 

Earliest vascular plant spores: Ordovician Nonvascular: mosses, liverworts, fungi need water for survival. Vascular plants: tissue system to move water, nutrients (most land plants) Earliest land plants: nonvascular Evolved into vascular plants

What do plants need to develop to be vascular?: 

What do plants need to develop to be vascular? Tissue to transport water/nutrients Tissue to support plant body Avoid desiccation with outer wall Protection from UV Roots to collect water/nutrients from soil Roots to anchor plant Leaves for photosynthesis

Which came first?: 

Which came first? Land plants or land animals?

Oldest land plant, Silurian: 

Oldest land plant, Silurian Simple leafless stalk with spores Seedless vascular plants Amphibian of plant world

Early Devonian landscape: 

Early Devonian landscape Early Devonian: low-growing plants Late Devonian: 30 foot tall plants

Devonian ferns: 

Devonian ferns Early Devonian: low-growing plants Late Devonian: 30 foot tall plants

Devonian plants: 

Devonian plants First: seedless vascular plants Seedless plants need water for reproduction Next: seed plants Why seeds?

Slide29: 

Seed plants: late Devonian Seedless vascular dominate Carboniferous Why plants important in Carboniferous?

Carboniferous swamps: 

Carboniferous swamps 70% of coal made from seedless vascular trees

Carboniferous flowerless seed plants: 

Carboniferous flowerless seed plants Drier, higher land

Paleozoic plants: 

Paleozoic plants By end of Permian: Flowerless seed plants take over Why seed plants not seedless? Climate drier and warmer

Carboniferous plants: 

Carboniferous plants Glossopteris Seed fern

Paleozoic plant evolution: 

Paleozoic plant evolution