Prologue 2

Hospitality Today An Introduction: 

Hospitality Today An Introduction Prologue A Brief History of Travel RHM 175 Lori McCool, MS, RD, LD

Travel: 

Travel What do you think of? Most people think of pleasure and adventure Prehistoric times used travel in search of food and shelter

A Brief History of Travel: 

A Brief History of Travel First people to travel on land on a large scale were the Romans. Wanted expand their Empire Had highways that featured wheel-changing stations and rest houses every 15 to 30 miles.

A Brief History of Travel: 

A Brief History of Travel People in ancient times traveled for…. Pleasure as well. Health: Travel to waters and rest and recuperate from the travels – healing waters. Sports: Olympic Games Relaxation: Spas Organized religion, pilgrimages became common in many parts of the world. Muslims traveled to Mecca. Christians traveled to shrines all over Europe and beyond. Christian pilgrimages in the Middle Ages is preserved in The Canterbury Tales.

Transportation Revolution: 

Transportation Revolution Steamships Railroads Automobiles Airplanes

Steamships: 

Steamships First ship to cross the Atlantic was the Sirius in 1838. In 1840 Samuel Conrad provided regular passenger service across the Atlantic when he formed the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company – which later became: Cunard Line. Sea voyages were expensive and only a few could afford them.

Cruise liners: 

Cruise liners Titanic – “The Millionaires’ Special” 46,329-ton vessel Departed April 12, 1912 and sank April 14, 1912 2,000+ people/705 survived Queen Mary, S.S. France, and the United States became known throughout the world as the flagships of their nations.

Railroads: 

Railroads First locomotive was built in England in 1804. In 1830 the railroad age began. In 1831, the South Carolina Railroad began. Thomas Cook organized a (507 people) train trip, thus earning himself a place in history as the world’s first recognized travel agent.

Railroads: 

Railroads In 1869, the first transcontinental rail trip in the U.S. was possible. In 1891 construction started on the Trans-Siberian railroad, which would link Europe to Asia. Hotels began being constructed beside railroads. In many instances, the desirable hotel was built first and railroad was built up to it.

Bicycles: 

Bicycles Horses for short trips Trains for long trips The Bicycle was invented in Paris introduced to Europe at the 1867 Paris Expedition. Unlike horses, bikes do not need to be fed, watered or have bad temper. There were increasing needs for hard surfaces to travel on.

Automobiles: 

Automobiles First automobiles were built in France. 1889 Peugeot: It was a tricycle powered by steam engines. At the same time, Steam-powered road vehicles were being built 1891: Randsom Olds built one of the earliedst models in Lansing, Michigan. Two steam cars were being produced in large quantities: Locomobile Stanley Steamer They were inefficient.

Automobiles: 

Automobiles 1860: The first gasoline car was invented by Etienne Lenoir. Gottlieb Daimler, a German engineer, 1885 – 1889: Perfected the gasoline engine. (First person to every have an automobile accident) Early 1990’s: Car production was active in Paris and US 1908: Henry Ford produced inexpensive cars – Model T for $825.00 1916: Assembly line was introduced - $345.00

Automobiles – How the Changed the World?: 

Automobiles – How the Changed the World? Travel to other towns People could live farther away from work Suburbs began to grow Tourisms became increasingly popular Hotels were only built for salesmen 1930’s: Roadside eating and lodging, but before that After WWII: Highway hotels and restaurant chains were conceived and built.

Airplanes: 

Airplanes The end of WWI began all commercial aviation on both sides of the Atlantic. 1919: British launched their first trans-channel commercial flights linking the business capitals of London and Paris. 1918: America’s first commercial flights between U.S. Signal Corps and the U.S. Postal Service. (Mail only) Charles Lindbergh: flew from New York to Paris in 33 hours starting at 7:55 a.m. on May 20, 1927. Financial backing came rolling in!

Airplanes: 

Airplanes 1927: Juan Trippe (a young WWI pilot) founded Pan American Airlines. Had a contract to fly between Key West, Florida and Havana, Cuba. 1926: DC3 was the first passenger aircraft. 1958: Boeing 707 went into service and started the jet age and promoted both business and tourist folks Airplanes have: Made affordable travel Mass transportation over long distances possible Opened up other areas of the world

Hospitality Industry: 

Hospitality Industry Saint Julian the Hospitaller (wife) Patron Saint of Innkeepers and travelers Saint Amand His monasteries were highly regarded as places where weary travelers could find comfortable lodging and good food: regarded as First-Class Manager. Saint Notburga Patron Saint of food servers Described as “farm girl who dedicated her life to the welfare of servants”.

History - Lodging: 

History - Lodging First Inns were private homes Romans: believed that running a tavern was a low form occupation and usually entrusted to slaves. Middle Ages: Inns built along the highways were of questionable reputation.

History - Lodging: 

Mid 17th Century: Private inns were well established in England and on the Continent. Inns were important social gathering places. People congregated where political and literary figures stayed regularly. History - Lodging

Hotel Garni:In France, large buildings that had rooms to let by the day, week, or longer.: 

In England in 1760, the Fifth Duke of Devonshire named a lodging establishment in London a…….. Hotel Hotel Garni: In France, large buildings that had rooms to let by the day, week, or longer.

History - Lodging: 

1794: First hotel in the United States opened – the 70-Room City Hotel on Broadway in New York City. 1829: The Tremont House in Boston had 170 room, formal public rooms, (1st) Bellpersons, front desk, employees, locks on guestroom doors, and free soap for guest. Is considered the first Modern American Hotel Hotels have introduced a lot of technology to the public: Tremont – extensive plumbing facilities Eastern Exchange Hotel in Boston – heated by steam New York’s Fifth Avenue (1859) – first elevators Hotel Everett on Park Row in New York City – lit by electricity History - Lodging

Lodging Pioneers: 

Cesar Ritz (1847 – 1935) – provided live ochestras in the dining room, evening dress compulsory, restricted unescorted women, private baths, built-in closets, and telephones. Ellsworth Statler (1908) – Opened his first hotel bearing his name in Buffalo, New York. Provided telephones in every room, modern plumbing, ice water, full-size closets with lights, free morning newpapers to guests, radios at no extra charge, and developed the “Statler Service Code”. Lodging Pioneers

Lodging Pioneers: 

Conrad Hilton (1919) – bought his first hotel, the Mobley, in Cisco, Texas. He also purchased the Waldorf-Astoria (1949), and the entire Statler chain (1954). Ernest Henderson (1941) – The Sheraton Chain began The Sheraton Name Lodging Pioneers

History - Lodging: 

Kemmons Wilson (1952) – Built the First Holiday Inn. It had a restaurant, two double beds in every room, no charge for children, huge property sign, had front desk clerk call ahead to another Holiday Inn and make reservations for their departing guest. History - Lodging Free Ice, Free TV, Telephone in every room.

Parker HouseNow “The Omni Parker House”: 

Parker House Now “The Omni Parker House” Opened in 1855 School Street in Boston Oldest continuously operated hotel in America Followed a more European way of running the hotel Guest paid for rooms and meals separately Well known is the Parker House roll, a soft, sweet dinner roll, consumed with butter

Slide25: 

17th Century – both hotels and restaurants were achieving prominence. Louis XIV of France made dining a state occasion. The First restaurant was opened by Boulanger in Paris in 1765. London restaurants were not established until 1830. Served French Food 1832: America’s first continental-style restaurant opened – Delmonico’s in New York History of Food Service

Slide26: 

Fred Harvey (1875) – opened two small restaurants along the Kansas Pacific Railroad. He liked fine food and quality. Known for “harvey’s Girls”. They had impeccable standards for cleanliness, mannerliness, and hospitality (qualities were short supply in the West) Howard Johnson (1925) – Started by selling ice cream out of his drug store. Food Service Pioneer

Slide27: 

History - Food Ray Kroc Started in Bernandino, CA Founder of McDonald at age 52 Sold milkshake machines QSC&V – Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value