Tsunefum Mizuno sep14 05

Slide1: 

Up-to-date pp-interaction model + galprop as a tool to study galactic diffuse gammas Tsunefumi Mizuno SLAC/Hiroshima University mizuno@SLAC.Stanford.EDU History of Changes: September 14, 2005 written by T. Mizuno

Introduction: Cosmic Rays: 

Introduction: Cosmic Rays proton He electron Since the discovery by HESS in 1912, origin and nature of Cosmic Rays (CRs) are one of the biggest topics in astrophysics. Proton is the major component of CRs (~90%). Spectral break around 1015 eV ('knee') Eandlt;Eknee: Galactic origin Eandgt;Eknee: extragalactic Question: Where were they accelerated to such a high energy? How do they distribute in our Galaxy? X-ray/Gamma-ray observation can tell!

CR Electrons: 

CR Electrons CR electrons emit photons via synchrotron radiation: (High Energy Astrophysics, Longair 1992) X-ray spectrum of a SNR, SN1006 (Koyama et al. 1995, Nature) The spectrum of the Galactic radio emission electrons of 10-100GeV anticenter interarm Rim Interior electrons of andgt;=100TeV ('knee') What about protons? 0.1 1 10 (GHz) 1 10 (keV)

CR Protons: 

CR Protons CR protons emit photons via pi0 production: SAS-II and COS-B Gamma-ray spectrum from the Galactic Center EGRET(Hunter et al. 1997) Electron Bremss. (EB) Pi0 decay (NN) Inverse Compton (IC) IC EB NN Extragalactic diffuse So called 'GeV excess' was found by EGRET (Hunter et al. 1997, ApJ) 0.1 1 10 (GeV) 0.1 1 10 (GeV)

More about GeV excess: 

More about GeV excess 6degandlt;|b|andlt;10deg 2degandlt;|b|andlt;6deg -2degandlt;bandlt;2deg toward Gal. center anticenter GeV excess is observed from the outer Galaxy as well as the inner Galaxy regardless of galactic latitude. Possible Solutions: harder proton spectrum pp-interaction model contribution of electron radiation etc. We need tools to study GeV excess/diffuse emission galprop + up-to-date pp-interaction model 0.1 1 10 (GeV)

galprop: 

galprop source of CRs Propagation of CRs Diffusion Diffusive reacceleration Energy loss Fragmentation Emission of gamma-rays Synchrotron radiation (e-) Bremsstrahlung (e-) Inverse Compton (e-) Pi0 production (p) galprop is a framework to predict CR propagation and gamma-ray emission in Galaxy, developed by I. Moskalenko and A. Strong (see Igor’s talks) CMB Dust Stellar ISRF model matter distrib. H2 HI HII Cross section for pi0 generation CR source model B model

galprop (Contd.): 

galprop (Contd.) Most of parameters (e.g., CR source model, inject spectrum, diffusion coefficient) can be specified by galdef file. user can play with them Not all, but most of the codes are written in C++. user can replace (upgrade) galprop Output in FITS format. standard in astrophysics. Lots of tools to read/plot 1GeV gamma-ray intensity proton energy spectra

PP-interaction model: 

PP-interaction model Based on up-to-date knowledge, pp-interaction model update was proposed by Kamae et al. (2005 ApJ). This model was intended to be used to calculate gamma-ray emission (galactic diffuse, AGN, SNR, GRB, etc.) without uncertainty. Hereafter we call this 'TK model' Thee features; rising cross section, diffractive dissociation and scaling violation pp-interaction cross section Spectrum of generated gamma-rays Rising cross section in high energy Add diffractive dissociation process Scaling violation

Parameterization of pp-interaction: 

Parameterization of pp-interaction Gamma Spectrum for diffractive dissociation Gamma Spectrum for non-diffractive dissoc. 1TeV 512TeV 512TeV 1TeV Under development by N. Kerlsson and T. Kamae (see Niklas’s lunch talk) to replace time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. One update; add the Delta resonance (1232) and the other resonance (1600) to reproduce pp-interaction cross section and inclusive pi0 cross section in lower energies. Immediate application: incorporate into galprop! Inclusive Pi0 cross section

Prediction of gammas by galprop with updated pp-interaction model: 

Prediction of gammas by galprop with updated pp-interaction model Comparison of gamma spectra toward galactic center, predicted by conventional interaction model and updated one (TK model; parameterized) Work in progress; parameterization is yet to be tuned to reproduce the MC. Pp-interaction implemented in Galprop (based on Dermer 1986, etc. ) TK model, parameterized Predict higher flux above 1GeV Preliminary

Summary and Future plan: 

Summary and Future plan Summary Galactic diffuse gammas are strong tool to study CRs. Galprop is a flexible framework to study CR propagation and gamma-ray emission. Up-to-date of pp-interaction model leaves less (or no) uncertainty in pi0 production calculation and can be used for variety of data (e.g., GLAST, EGRET, HESS and Suzaku). We incorporated a (preliminary) parameterization of up-to-date pp-interaction model in galprop. Future Plan Complete the parameterization Comparison with EGRET data; energy and spatial distribution of diffuse gammas Prepare for GLAST; develop 3D-model calculation (need 3D model of matter distribution) Apply pp-interaction model to SNR/AGN/GRB/etc.