Fair(bio)trade: on the ways to certification of sustainable energy from imported biomass?- FairBioTrade+: Fair Bio Trade Workshop Essent; 4th december 2003, Den Bosch -NL-: Fair(bio)trade: on the ways to certification of sustainable energy from imported biomass? - FairBioTrade+: Fair Bio Trade Workshop Essent; 4th december 2003, Den Bosch -NL- Andre Faaij, Iris Lewandowski Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development Department of Science, Technology & Society Utrecht University


International trade of (energy from) biomass.: International trade of (energy from) biomass. Potential regional surpluses of biomass versus regional demand in other areas. Positive greenhouse effect. Economic advantages. Sustainable development.


Slide3: population GDP trade land productivity future land use patterns agricultural policy agricultural system irrigation, breeding, mechanization, chemicals biotechnology energy consumption POTENTIAL FOR BIO-ENERGIE?


Sustainable energy source?: Sustainable energy source? Social Economic Ecological


Structure of the FBT-project: Structure of the FBT-project Global quickscan of the biomass potentials Biomass chain analysis Regional case studies; evaluation of the impact of different certification systems


Slide6: Consumption p.c. vegetal products animal products Population growth low medium high Feed conversion efficiency Yields and areas suitable for crop production determined by level of technology (low, intermediate, high, mixed) Production system (mixed or pastoral) Grass & fodder Feed demand Residues & scavenging Surplus or shortage cropland land Pasture Production efficiency in the animal production system Demand for food Yields bioenergy crops determined by level of technology (low, interm. high) Bioenergy from surplus cropland Crop yields Feed composition Supply of bioenergy Demand fuelwood Demand for wood Surplus wood production Supply of wood fuelwood from non-forest sources industrial roundwood from forests fuelwood from forests Demand for wood from forests Demand industrial roundwood Forests available for wood production (no deforestation, excl. protected areas) Gross annual increment Yield Wood production potential Areas plantation Residues Total consumption Global quickscan of the biomass potentials


Production of bioenergy (EJ yr-1) on abandoned cropland and pastureland in 2050 (preliminary results).: Production of bioenergy (EJ yr-1) on abandoned cropland and pastureland in 2050 (preliminary results).


Biomass chain analysis: Biomass chain analysis Costs for biomass – chains delivering European forestry residues (EFR), European energy crops from Northern (N-EC) and Eastern Europe (E-EC) and Latin American energy crops (LA-EC) to a power plant in the Netherlands (main transportation step by ship) as pellets. €/tonne dry delivered 160 120 80 40 0 EFR N-EC LA-EC E-EC


Biomass chain analysis: Biomass chain analysis Cost breakdown of supplying methanol to Western Europe (i.e. Rotterdam Harbor) via international biomass supply chains; example supply regions include forest residues (EFR) and energy crops from Northern(N-EC) and Eastern Europe (E-EC) (i.e. Ukraine) as well as Latin America (LA-EC) (i.e. Brazil) EFR N-EC LA-EC E-EC


Certification systems: Certification systems Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry)


Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains : Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains Social Labor conditions Human safety and health Rights of children, women, indigenous people and discrimination Access to resources ensuring adequate quality of life Food safety Capacity building Combating Poverty Democratic participation Land ownership Community (institutional) well-being Fair trade conditions Acceptance


Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains : Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains Economic Viability of the business Strength and diversification of local economy Reliability of resources Yields


Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains : Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains Ecological Preservation of existing sensitive ecosystems Conservation of biodiversity Conservation and improvement of soil fertility – avoidance of soil erosion Conservation of ground and surface water Combating of deforestation Combating desertification and drought Landscape view Conservation of non-renewable resources Waste management Minimization of harmful environmental impacts Environmental additionality


Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains : Areas of concern relevant for sustainability of the biomass production and trading chains General criteria Compliance with laws and international agreements Traceability Avoidance of leakage effects Strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations Improvement of conditions at local level


Certification systems: Certification systems Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry)


Slide16: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Eligibility check for Biomass resources


Slide17: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Forest certification systems: FSC, PEFC, …. Criteria & indicator systems Management rules and state indicator


Slide18: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Forest certification system: FSC Criteria & indicator systems Management rules


Slide19: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Certification systems for: Organic agriculture: IFOAM, EU,… Good Agricultural Practice (GAP): EUREPGAP Criteria & indicator systems Management rules and state indicator


Slide20: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) No certification systems available Develoment of Criteria & indicator systems


Slide21: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) No certification and criteria systems available Life Cycle assessments


Slide22: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Forest certification systems: FSC, PEFC Agric. Certification system: EUREPGAP German law for waste treatment and recycling Procedure decription


Slide23: Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Certification systems: Fairtrade IFOAM OXFAM … Criteria and indicator systems


Needs : Needs Transport + Storage Chain-of-custody Trading conditions Biomass production - categories Wood from Forestry Dedicated biomass from Agriculture Wood from Plantations Residues (Forestry, Agriculture, Industry) Integration of biomass production into agriculture Competition between food and biomass production Occurrence of Leackage effects Measuring additionality


Approaches to formulate ‘loose’ and ‘strict’ criteria sets: Approaches to formulate ‘loose’ and ‘strict’ criteria sets Varying degree of commitment – major and minor musts, recommendations Freedom of scope for action – clear instructions/restrictions versus room for ‘interpretation’ Striving for minimal negative impact versus improvement of the situation


Outlook: Outlook Choice and performance of case studies Testing loose and strict sustainability criteria sets