Ch 23a Met Textures 1

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Textures are small-scale penetrative features Relict Textures Inherited from original rock “Blasto-” = relict Any degree of preservation Pseudomorphs of minerals or pre-metamorphic textures/structures

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Metamorphic Textures The Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization Cataclastic Flow Mechanical fragmentation and sliding, rotation of fragments Crush, break, bend, grind, kink, defm twins, undulose extinction, shredding of micas, augen, mortar, etc. Technically not metamorphic

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Metamorphic Textures The Processes of Deformation, Recovery, and Recrystallization Pressure Solution Figure 23-2 a. Highest strain in areas near grain contacts (hatch pattern). b. High-strain areas dissolve and material precipitates in adjacent low-strain areas (shaded). The process is accompanied by vertical shortening. c. Pressure solution of a quartz crystal in a deformed quartzite (s1 is vertical). Pressure solution results in a serrated solution surface in high-strain areas (small arrows) and precipitation in low-strain areas (large arrow). ~ 0.5 mm across. The faint line within the grain is a hematite stain along the original clast surface. After Hibbard (1995) Petrography to Petrogenesis. Prentice Hall.

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Plastic Intracrystalline Deformation No loss of cohesion Several processes may operate simultaneously Defect migration Slip planes Dislocation glide Deformation twinning

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Recovery Loss of stored strain energy by vacancy migration, dislocation migration and annihilation Polygonization- general term for formation of low-strain subgrains

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Recrystallization Grain boundary migration Subgrain rotation Solid-state diffusion creep at higher T Crystalplastic deformation (general term) Grain boundary sliding and area reduction Coalescence- recovery and recrystallization by which large grains form by the addition of smaller strained grains by grain boundary migration

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Dislocation migration forms two strain-free subgrains Figure 23-5. Illustration of a recovery process in which dislocations migrate to form a subgrain boundary. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Figure 23-4 a. Undulose extinction and (b) elongate subgrains in quartz due to dislocation formation and migration Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. a b

Slide9: 

Recrystallization by grain boundary migration and sub-grain rotation Figure 23-6. Recrystallization by (a) grain-boundary migration (including nucleation) and (b) subgrain rotation. From Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. Figure 23-7a. Recrystallized quartz with irregular (sutured) boundaries, formed by grain boundary migration. Width 0.2 mm. From Borradaile et al. (1982).

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High-Strain Metamorphic Textures (shear zones) Figure 22-2. Schematic cross section through a shear zone, showing the vertical distribution of fault-related rock types, ranging from non-cohesive gouge and breccia near the surface through progressively more cohesive and foliated rocks. Note that the width of the shear zone increases with depth as the shear is distributed over a larger area and becomes more ductile. Circles on the right represent microscopic views or textures. From Passchier and Trouw (1996) Microtectonics. Springer-Verlag. Berlin.

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures High-Strain Metamorphic Textures Concentrate on cataclastic > ductile (shallower) Break, crack, bend, crush, rotate Slip and shredding of phyllosilicates Clasts- broken remnants Porphyroclast- larger remnant in finer crush matrix Mortar texture Ribbons Pseudotachylite

Slide13: 

a b Figure 23-15. Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966). Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy © John Shelton.

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d c Figure 23-15. Progressive mylonitization of a granite. From Shelton (1966). Geology Illustrated. Photos courtesy © John Shelton.

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Figure 22-3. Terminology for high-strain shear-zone related rocks proposed by Wise et al. (1984) Fault-related rocks: Suggestions for terminology. Geology, 12, 391-394.

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures : 

Chapter 23: Metamorphic Textures Textures of Contact Metamorphism Typically shallow pluton aureoles (low-P) Crystallization/recrystallization is near-static Monomineralic with low D surface energy ® granoblastic polygonal Larger D S.E. ® decussate Isotropic textures (hornfels, granofels) Relict textures are common

Slide18: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of a diabase (coarse basalt). From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide19: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of a diabase (coarse basalt). From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide20: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of a diabase (coarse basalt). From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide21: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of a diabase (coarse basalt). From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide22: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of slate. From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide23: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of slate. From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

Slide24: 

Progressive thermal metamorphism of slate. From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

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The Crystalloblastic Series Most Euhedral Titanite, rutile, pyrite, spinel Garnet, sillimanite, staurolite, tourmaline Epidote, magnetite, ilmenite Andalusite, pyroxene, amphibole Mica, chlorite, dolomite, kyanite Calcite, vesuvianite, scapolite Feldspar, quartz, cordierite Least Euhedral Differences in development of crystal form among some metamorphic minerals. From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.

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Figure 23-9. Typical textures of contact metamorphism. From Spry (1969) Metamorphic Textures. Pergamon. Oxford.

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Fig. 23-10 Grain boundary energy controls triple point angles Figure 23-10. a. Dihedral angle between two mineral types. When the A-A grain boundary energy is greater than for A-B, the angle  will decrease (b) so as to increase the relative area of A-B boundaries. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. c. Sketch of a plagioclase (light)-clinopyroxene (dark) hornfels showing lower dihedral angles in clinopyroxene at most cpx-plag-plag boundaries. (c. from Vernon, 1976) Metamorphic Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen & Unwin, London.

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Figure 23-11. Drawings of quartz-mica schists. a. Closer spacing of micas in the lower half causes quartz grains to passively elongate in order for quartz-quartz boundaries to meet mica (001) faces at 90o. From Shelley (1993). b. Layered rock in which the growth of quartz has been retarded by grain boundary “pinning” by finer micas in the upper layer. From Vernon, 1976) Metamorphic Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen & Unwin, London. a

Metamorphic Textures: 

Metamorphic Textures Contact overprint on earlier regional events are common Thermal maximum later than deformational Separate post-orogenic (collapse) event Nodular overprints Spotted slates and phyllites

Slide30: 

a b Figure 23-14. Overprint of contact metamorphism on regional. a. Nodular texture of cordierite porphyroblasts developed during a thermal overprinting of previous regional metamorphism (note the foliation in the opaques). Approx. 1.5 x 2 mm. From Bard (1986) Microtextures of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks. Reidel. Dordrecht. b. Spotted phyllite in which small porphyroblasts of cordierite develop in a preexisting phyllite. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.

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Depletion haloes Progressive development of a depletion halo about a growing porphyroblast. From Best (1982). Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. W. H. Freeman. San Francisco.