safer needle devices

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Safer Needle Devices:Protecting Health Care Workers: 

Safer Needle Devices: Protecting Health Care Workers

Purpose of this Presentation:: 

Purpose of this Presentation: Update statistics Define and discuss safer needle devices Examine OSHA’s position on the use of safer needle devices

The Pattern of Needlestick Injuries: 

The Pattern of Needlestick Injuries Who? What? Where? When?

800,000 Needlestick Injuries Occur Each Year in the United States: 

800,000 Needlestick Injuries Occur Each Year in the United States

Needlestick Injuries Are Costly:: 

Needlestick Injuries Are Costly: Time and money to investigated the source Post-exposure care Lost work time and productivity Treatment of resulting illnesses Workers’ lives

Who Is Injured Most Frequently?: 

Who Is Injured Most Frequently?

Needlestick Injuries Among Health Care Workers: 

Needlestick Injuries Among Health Care Workers Source: EPINet data, University of Virginia

Needlestick Injuries Are Underreported by Health Care Workers: 

Needlestick Injuries Are Underreported by Health Care Workers Source: Hamory, 1983; Chiarello, 1992

Underreporting Reasons: 

Underreporting Reasons Lack of time Employer response Concern about HIV status

What Types of Devices Are Most Commonly Involved in Needlestick Injuries?: 

What Types of Devices Are Most Commonly Involved in Needlestick Injuries?

Slide11: 

Hollow-bore needles are the cause of injury in 68.5% of cases Source: Ippolito, et al, 1997

Items Most Frequently Causing Sharp-Object Injuries, 1995: 

Items Most Frequently Causing Sharp-Object Injuries, 1995 Adapted from Ippolito et al, 1997

Where Do Most Needlestick Injuries Occur?: 

Where Do Most Needlestick Injuries Occur?

Location Where Puncture Injuries and Other Blood Exposures Occurred, 1995: 

Location Where Puncture Injuries and Other Blood Exposures Occurred, 1995 Source: Adapted from Ippolito et al., 1997.

Which Tasks Involve the Most Injuries?: 

Which Tasks Involve the Most Injuries?

Slide16: 

The majority of needlesticks occur when health care workers: Dispose of needles Administer injections Draw blood Recap needles Handle trash and dirty linens Source: Chiarello, 1992

When Do Needlesticks Happen?: 

When Do Needlesticks Happen?

How Serious a Threat Are Needlestick Injuries to Health Care Workers?: 

How Serious a Threat Are Needlestick Injuries to Health Care Workers?

800,000 Needlestick Injuries Occur Each Year in the United States: 

800,000 Needlestick Injuries Occur Each Year in the United States

16,000 of These Are Likely to Be Contaminated by HIV: 

16,000 of These Are Likely to Be Contaminated by HIV Source: American Hospital Association, 1992

Up to 80% of All Accident Exposures to Blood Are Caused by Needlestick Injuries: 

Up to 80% of All Accident Exposures to Blood Are Caused by Needlestick Injuries Source: Jagger, J., 1988

Slide22: 

Source: Chiarello, 1992

HBV and HCV Pose an Even Greater Risk Then HIV: 

HBV and HCV Pose an Even Greater Risk Then HIV Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1991

Prevalence in the Patient Population: 

Prevalence in the Patient Population Source: Kalen, et. al, 1997

Occupational Risk of Hepatitis B:: 

Occupational Risk of Hepatitis B: Much more transmissible than HIV Risk after needlestick: 2% - 40% 1994 - 1000 health care workers developed HBV infection Approximately 200 HCWs die each year Source: CDC, 1991; 1997

Estimated Incidence of Acute Hepatitis BUnited States, 1978-1995: 

Estimated Incidence of Acute Hepatitis B United States, 1978-1995 *Provisional date

Occupational Risk ofHepatitis C:: 

Occupational Risk of Hepatitis C: HCV - major cause of chronic liver disease No vaccine No effective post-exposure prophylaxis 85% of HCV infected people develop chronic infection Source: CDC, 1997; NIH, 1997

Occupational Risk of HIV:: 

Occupational Risk of HIV: Risk after needlestick - 1 in 300 Exposures from needlesticks or cuts cause most infections Source: CDC, 1991; 1996

HCWs with Occupationally Acquired HIV/AIDS Infection: 

HCWs with Occupationally Acquired HIV/AIDS Infection Source: CDC, 1997

Health Care Workers with Occupationally Acquired AIDS/HIV Infection: 

Health Care Workers with Occupationally Acquired AIDS/HIV Infection Source: MMWR, 1987-1989; CDC, 1992-1996

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Alone Usually Does Not Adequately Protect the Health Care Worker from Needlesticks: 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Alone Usually Does Not Adequately Protect the Health Care Worker from Needlesticks PPE, such as gloves provide a barrier, but… Most personal protective equipment is easily penetrated by needles

UNSAFE NEEDLE DEVICES: 

UNSAFE NEEDLE DEVICES NEEDLESTICK INJURIES

Slide33: 


Do Safer Needle Devices Prevent Injury?: 

Do Safer Needle Devices Prevent Injury? Can’t eliminate all, but… 83% can be prevented Source: Ippolito, et. al., 1997

Reduction in Needlestick Injuries: 

Reduction in Needlestick Injuries Source: MMWR, 1997

Slide36: 

Source: Chiarello, 1995

Slide37: 

Source: Chiarello, 1995

Evaluating and Selecting Safer Needle Devices: 

Evaluating and Selecting Safer Needle Devices

Slide39: 

Source: FDA, 1992, 1995

Types of Safety Features: 

Types of Safety Features Source: Chiarello, 1995

Slide41: 


OSHA’s Position on Safer Needle Devices:: 

OSHA’s Position on Safer Needle Devices: Bloodborne Pathogens Standard requires use of engineering and work practice controls Failure to use engineering/work practice controls could result in a citation Devices which offer alternatives to needles are preferable

Safer Needle Devices: 

Safer Needle Devices

Safer Needle Devices protect workers from exposure to life-threatening diseases by preventing needlestick injuries: 

Safer Needle Devices protect workers from exposure to life-threatening diseases by preventing needlestick injuries