Presentation Transcript
INDIA AND PAKISTAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE: INDIA AND PAKISTAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE
NEHRU: NEHRU
FIVE YEAR PLANS
SOCIALIST ECONOMY
NEUTRAL IN COLD WAR
INDIA A “ONE-PARTY DEMOCRACY”
Prime minister 1948-1966, when he died
INDIRA GANDHI: INDIRA GANDHI NEHRU’S DAUGHTER
NOT RELATED TO MAHATMA GANDHI
POPULAR BUT ECONOMY DID POORLY IN 1970s
P.M. 1966-1977, 1980-84. ASSASSINATED BY A SIKH BODYGUARD.
EMERGENCY: EMERGENCY INDIRA GANDHI TRIES TO GET DICTATORIAL POWERS WHEN SHE’S ACCUSED OF CORRUPTION IN 1970s
JANATA DAL PARTY DEFEATS CONGRESS IN ELECTIONS IN 1977, RESTORES FULL DEMOCRACY AND CIVIL RIGHTS
RAJIV GANDHI: RAJIV GANDHI INDIRA’S SON
POPULAR
INTERVENES IN SRI LANKA
P.M. FROM 1984 UNTIL ASSASSINATED BY TAMIL SEPARATISTS IN 1991
INDIA’S ASSETS: INDIA’S ASSETS GOOD TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE BUILT BY BRITISH (RAILROAD NETWORK)
PUSH FOR EDUCATION – MANY WELL-TRAINED PEOPLE
HUGE MIDDLE CLASS
HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES – CENTERED IN BANGALORE
WORLD’S BIGGEST DEMOCRACY
POLITICAL STABILITY
COMMON USE OF ENGLISH BY EDUCATED PEOPLE
ABLE TO FEED ITSELF THANKS TO “GREEN REVOLUTION”
BOLLYWOODWORLD’S LARGEST MOVIE INDUSTRY: BOLLYWOOD WORLD’S LARGEST MOVIE INDUSTRY
INDIA’S PROBLEMS: INDIA’S PROBLEMS MASSIVE POVERTY
CONFLICT BETWEEN CASTES & RELIGIONS
THREE WARS WITH PAKISTAN OVER KASHMIR – TERRORISTS FROM KASHMIR; 1962 border war with China
NUCLEAR STANDOFF WITH PAKISTAN
PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH: PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH
PAKISTAN: PAKISTAN ORIGINALLY TWO TERRITORIES, A THOUSAND MILES APART, SPEAKING TWO UNRELATED LANGUAGES
WEST PAKISTAN DOMINATED
WEST PAKISTAN HAD FERTILE LAND ONLY IN THE INDUS RIVER SYSTEM
POLITICAL HISTORY: POLITICAL HISTORY PAKISTAN ALTERNATED BETWEEN ELECTED DEMOCRACY AND MILITARY DICTATORSHIP
Shown at left: Zulfikar and Benazir Bhutto
CREATION OF BANGLADESH: CREATION OF BANGLADESH In 1970s, West Pakistani dictator Ayub Khan cracked down on politicians inEast Pakistan.
In 1971 election, East Pakistani leader Sheik Mujibur Rahman won.
The military government refused to accept the results.
East Pakistan seceded and became independent with help from India.
BANGLADESH: BANGLADESH Soon after independence, Bangladesh was hit with massive floods and famine
BANGLADESH: BANGLADESH LAND OF RIVER DELTAS – VERY PRODUCTIVE LAND
PERIODIC FLOODING BECAUSE OF MONSOONS
EXTREME POVERTY
FEARS TODAY OF ISLAMIC EXTREMISM
PAKISTAN TODAY: PAKISTAN TODAY MILITARY DICTATORSHIP SINCE 2000
HISTORICALLY, AN ALLY OF THE U.S.
AMBIGUOUS ROLE IN TERRORISM
PAKISTAN’S CONNECTION WITH ISLAMIC TERRORISM: PAKISTAN’S CONNECTION WITH ISLAMIC TERRORISM In 1980, military dictator of Pakistan solidified his power by passing Islamization program, institutes sharia or Islamic law.
Slide19: PAKISTANI INTELLIGENCE SECRETLY AIDS THE TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN, AND TERROR ATTACKS IN KASHMIR
MADRASAS: MADRASAS
NORTHWEST FRONTIER: NORTHWEST FRONTIER LITTLE GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER ARMED SEMI-NOMADIC TRIBES
OSAMA PROBABLY HIDING IN MOUNTAINS THERE
THE “ISLAMIC BOMB”: THE “ISLAMIC BOMB” PAKISTAN EXPLODED ITS FIRST NUCLEAR DEVICE IN DESERT IN 1998.
DR. A.Q. KHAN RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS SECRET DEVELOPMENT, AND SHARES TECHNOLOGY WITH “ROGUE STATES” LIKE LIBYA, NORTH KOREA, MAYBE OTHERS
NUCLEAR CRISIS : NUCLEAR CRISIS