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ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH

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Slide2 : Anthropologic Approach


Slide3 : 1)We build up approaches Because we have no certainty about anything 2) Certainty belongs to the Absolute


Slide4 : An Approach to the theory of Pyramid of evolution rather than to the theological theory of creation (Genesis)


Slide5 : Anthropology Is it the Science of Man ? The time when we were Blue Mono-Chromosomal unicellular algae to Red multi-chromosomal Unicellular Algae: Eucaryote


Slide6 : Now we are 46 chromosomes with 3 billion genetic codes


Slide7 : Or From Fish Pre-configuration at The grotto of Posdorgna to Homo Habilis. Then , it was the anarchy of ancient time where Kama Sutra was the governing rule.


Slide8 : What are the elements of a Culture? 1)Growing food at the fertile crescent, 2)Painting Frescoes at Lascaux, Pompeii, Ajanta,


Slide9 : 3)Erecting Pyramids at Saqqarah 4)Creating modern arms (8h15 a.m, 6th August 1945, Hiroshima )


Slide10 : 4)Is it Organising HUMAN COLLECTIVITY based on Ethics


Slide12 : What if there were No CULTURAL DIFFERENCES *Montesquieu, Lettres persanes *Merchant of Venice, Portia rich heiress & Shylock the old Jew *Romeo Montague& Juliet Capulet *Othello , Noble Moor , general in the Venetian service


Slide13 : If we base Our Theory From CULTURAL DIFFERENCES To CULTURAL PREFERENCES *Gregorian music


Slide14 : 1) Cultural preferences Understand that Cultural Preferences should help to build up the foundations of a more balanced world; However, Growth of technology may widen the gap between cultures.


Slide15 : 1)Awareness Raise awareness of the Intellectual and Cultural assets of our Global Village (La Mondialisation as advocated by G8 v/s Regionalisation )


Slide16 : THREE REPORTS 1)European Union Multi-Cultural stratae and Integration


Slide17 : THREE REPORTS 2) US Cultural Hegemony facing EU Multi Polar integration


Slide18 : THREE REPORTS 3) Ancient India liberal led mosaic system Facing Modern China communist led Monolithic system


Slide19 : One Case Study The OTTOMAN EMPIRE (The 1299 Empire to The 1923 Mustapha Kemal , Atatûrk’s Republic) *Civilsations Anatoliennes *Karakum * Discours Mustapha Kemal


Slide20 : The South American Bloc The Inca empire stretched from South America to the Pacific Islands . Genetically , they bear Chinese genes. *Le Mexique


Slide21 : The African Bloc From the Pride of Tribal culture to Modern technology Mandela , the head of the Xhosa tribe guided the most modern multi-ethnic nation . *Nations Nègres et Culture *Origine négro-africaine des grecs * Odysée de l’espèce


Slide22 : 1)Some professional Experience in a Multicultural Environment (Private, Governmental, Non-Governmental, Humanitarian, Confessional)


Slide23 : 1)Scriptures of the Polytheist and Monotheist cultures: The Vedas of Ancient India, The commandments of the old Testament, The Buddhist quest for Nirvana,


Slide24 : The Ahura Mazda Zarathustra Pillars based on Fast, Prayers, Pilgrimage, Charity and Belief


Slide25 : The Epistles of St Paul, The Teachings of Sunna, The mysticism of Sufis (garments of coarse wood)


Slide26 : 3a)Some high-lights of our culture Indo-European era of Ghandara (The Indo-Greco sculptures of the Three Gracious)


Slide27 : Sino-Himalayan era of Dazu (The Sinanthrope dated 500.000 yrs ago on the Site of Zhoukoudian , found in 1930 by prof.Jia Lanpo was destroyed at Pearl harbour 1941),


Slide28 : The Afro-Negro era of Dogons, in the desert of Mali ( Transfer Culture from Torajah and Madagascar)


Slide29 : Greco–Creta era of Cnossoss (La Parisienne) Diffused on ARTE 10.09.2005


Slide30 : The Ramses II Sarcophagus of Cairo Egypto-Greco era of Alexandria


Slide31 : Greco-Roman era of Palestine , Roman Forum


Slide32 : Azteco-Tolteco Era of Mexico (as quoted by André Malraux in Tête d’Obsidienne)


Slide33 : Maya- Itza celebration of Indian Navrati Inca ( Ina Kula Tillaka , an Indian dynasty )


Slide34 : Arabo-Muslim era Mesopotamia (Bagdad , the House of Wisdom under the Abbassides),


Slide35 : The Arabo-Muslim era of North Africa under the Almoravides,


Slide36 : The Stonehenge era of Britain (where the Druids perform their annual rites of the dead)


Slide37 : The Menhir era of Belle Ile and Carnac, Brittany


Slide38 : Onsite visits recommended: 1)Musée Guimet of Asian Arts While in France widen your outlook of Asian culture: India, China, Laos , Cambodia, Indonesia


Slide39 : 2) Institut de Monde Arabe offers a permanent exhibition on the Abbassides, Omeyyades, Sassanides


Slide40 : 3) Know the History of our Humanity:: Musée de l’Homme, Trocadéro


Slide41 : 4) Orchestre Philarmonique de Radio-France interprets an Austrian composer , Gustave Mahler’s Nine Symphonies by Korean Maestro Myung Whun Chung


Slide42 : 5) Russian Art exhibition going on At Musée d’Orsay, 18th century paintings from Tretiakov gallery


Slide43 : 1)When Cultures Collide by Richard Lewis 2)Cross Cultural Management communications by Richard Mead


Slide44 : 3) Origine des Cultures by Richard Girard 4)Modern Physics and Vedanta by Swami Jitmananda


Slide45 : 5)Theory of unemployment Money and Taxes By JM Keynes 6) Capitalism and Freedom By Milton Friedman 7) Karl Marx de Jacques Attali


Slide46 : 8) The European constitution as signed on the 29th October 2004 ,defeated 29thMay 2005 9) The American Constitution of 1783


Slide47 : 70% Class Participation and presentation of reports on the European Union, US, India and China problematic. 30% The OTTOMAN EMPIRE


Slide48 : Katya Albavera ( Responsible) Sebastien le Carpentier Maxime Heusghem Alessia Ferretti Thomas Mochel


Slide49 : Lynda Him(Responsible) Jennifer Kohn Bitran Yuri Walter Olga Kramarenko Jarazet Al Tamirano


Slide50 : Aurélie Hilderal(Responsible) Inga Grajetzky Kirene Sayama Nazir Adriana Guevara Jean Christophe Hardi Moon Seong Kang


Slide51 : Maite Schuber(Responsible) Claudia Goddard Frédérique Duperrey Jae Young Yoon Ilaria Carini


Slide52 : Min-Kyu JEON Benjamin Leprince Nicolas Bourdy Vanessa Calongne Heloise Pagnon


Slide53 : 4-Page Report and Power-point presentation 1)The dilemma of Multicultural integration of 5 subcultures in European union


Slide54 : Latin Europe 9th May 1950 French Council President Robert Schuman declared ‘An European organisation to govern together’


Slide55 : Latin Europe 1957 France/Italy Founding members France is pleading for a cultural exception , that is , to have more Of French culture rather than free circulation of Culture.


Slide56 : Latin Europe However, France said No to EU Constitution on 29th May 2005


Slide57 : Latin Europe Italy is causing harm to the Union by Berlusconi’s insult to a German Euro-MP about Concentration camp; .


Slide58 : Latin Europe Italian Minister of Finance proposed a return to the Lire. Fazio ,Governor Bank of Italy, supported by the Northern League and Vatican indulged in a stock raid over Foreign Banks. . .


Slide59 : Latin Europe 23.09.05 Economic Minister Siniscalco who was opposed to Fazio resigned. Too much combinazione


Slide60 : QUESTION What are the chances of those two Latin countries which have shared so much cultural preferences since the Italian renaissance to promote an EU Integration as advocated by Robert Schuman.


Slide61 : Pan Germanic Europe 1957 Germany founding member 1995 Austria , 2004 Poland & Czech Germany is facing heavy Difficulties in integrating East/West Germany since the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 .


Slide62 : Pan Germanic Europe East German Nazi party just won the Länder elections. Their national congress on 30.10.O4 claiming ‘ Home for the Germans’


Slide63 : Pan Germanic Europe East German bred A. Merkel , daughter of a Lutheran Reverend, on the route of being Kanzerin. Never :‘ein Volk, ein Land , eine Fuhrerin’


Slide64 : Pan Germanic Europe EU still celebrates 11th Nov 1918 and 8th May 1945 victory over GY.


Slide65 : Pan Germanic Europe Yet Austria is the centre for most International organisations such as OPEP(Petrol Countries), IAEA(Atomic Agency) and of course Mozart Festival.


Slide66 : Pan Germanic Europe Poland was wrongly treated by France for having rejected the first draft of the EU constitution in Nov 2003.


Slide67 : Pan Germanic Europe Yet Poland is a recipient for de-localised firms causing the loss of jobs in EU Countries.


Slide68 : Pan Germanic Europe Republic Czech split from Slovakia thus weakening their economy. Czech is inviting EU countries to invest and de-localise in their economy.


Slide69 : QUESTION Will Germany be able to form a Pan Germanic power (planned by Germany first chancellor Otto Von Bismarck) associated with the German cultural Neighbours within EU, despite the mistrust of EU countries over Germany? .


Slide70 : Anglo-Saxon Europe 1973 : UK/Ireland They joined EU after being ejected in 1963 by France’s President , Charles De Gaulle for lacking of cultural preferences.


Slide71 : Anglo-Saxon Europe The 100 years’war ended with the capture of Joan of Arc and her being burnt alive at the stake 30th May 1431 (La place du Vieux Marché),Rouen) . It Still continues?


Slide72 : Anglo-Saxon Europe UK is not in the Euro Land , however has gained substantial subsidies from EU under Mrs Thatcher’s time.


Slide73 : Anglo-Saxon Europe UK has postponed her Referendum on the EU Constitution; However ,Mr Blair is president of the council of ministers.


Slide74 : Remember UK/FR friendship *UK hosted De Gaulle during the War II. *Mr Blair attended French University *Her majesty E.II celebrated in 2004 the 100 years of Entente Cordiale.


Slide75 : The Franco-Italian front is not reliable; The Franco-German front is very is unstable (Chirac is handicapped, Gerhard is flirting with Angela),


Slide76 : QUESTION Will France now rely on UK’s support to propel the dynamics of a Franco-British front to take over leadership in EU or will they be hereditary cultural foes?


Slide77 : Iberian Europe 1986 Spain/Portugal Two fascist countries under Franco and Salazar recently liberated from Fascism. .


Slide78 : Iberian Europe They have had a long tradition Of Religious interference dictated by the Opus Dei theology of the Church. .


Slide79 : Iberian Europe They fought their way into EU and met a lot of reluctance from EU members.


Slide80 : Iberian Europe The French socialist Government finally released the pressure and the two countries joined EU in 1986. .


Slide81 : Spain Nov 2003 ,Ex-Prime minister Aznar vetoed against the EU Constitution for not giving equal representation to small countries.


Slide82 : Spain 11th March .2004 Spain was swept by terrorist attacks causing more than 300 deaths.


Slide83 : Spain Later, Socialist Jose Luis Zapatero won the election and favoured the ratification of the European constitution.


Slide84 : Iberian Europe/Spain . Spain introduced a lot of reforms on liberalising the society on Drug issues,Religious interference, homosexuality causes…. pointing the direction of a free society.


Slide85 : Portugal 1986 Portugal From Fascism to Respectability 1974 Military Coup by Gen Cavaillo overthrew the Fascist President Caetano (Révolution des Oeillets).


Slide86 : Portugal Thirty years later 2004 ,EU Chose Portugal’s Jose Manuel Barroso to head to-day’s EU commission , a pseudo- executive body of EU Institutions;


Slide87 : Portugal Barroso introduced new ethics during his office to gain respectability. He is the EU figure assuring EU Stability.


Slide88 : Spain an Portugal have been the rulers of the seas, the conquerors of the world and have shared a Common Moorish Cultural preference.


Slide89 : QUESTION Are there elements in their cultural approach which plead in favour of the Iberian group to put EU an Ethical orbit away from the imbroglio of the EU council of Ministers?


Slide90 : Nordic Europe They were the Vikings of the 9th century (Check their WASA ship at Stockholm)


Slide91 : Nordic Europe Invaded France and made of William, the duke of Normandy , later to become King Of England , William I, the Conqueror.


Slide92 : Nordic Europe Thor Heyerdal and his Five Scandinavian colleagues undertook the most hazardous expedition across the Pacific ocean in 1946. (The Kontiki raft exposed in Oslo) . .


Slide93 : Nordic Europe Such similar expedition was only directed in 1492 by Christopher Columbus over the Caribbean seas.


Slide94 : Nordic Europe Sweden introduced the first Liberal Socialist democracy of Europe under the late Olof Palme.


Slide95 : Nordic Europe Sweden introduced Ecology right in1962(civil disobedience) prior to the Rio Conference of 1992.


Slide96 : Nordic Europe Denmark once voted ‘Ne till EEC’ in 1971/72. EU amended few of its articles to comply to Denmark’s dictate. Denmark finally voted ‘Yes’ but Still has not joined the Euro-land.


Slide97 : Nordic Europe However, Sweden and Finland made it easy for EU. The Nordic bloc has built up a solid bloc in the EU construction.


Slide98 : Nordic Europe However, Sweden and Finland made it easy for EU. The Nordic bloc with the highest standard of living has built up a solid bloc in the EU construction.


Slide99 : Nordic Europe But , Nordic Europe proud Of their mighty past will not comply easily to make of EU an open space for 450M People with 30M of unemployed.


Slide100 : Their liberal culture (a free love society) is too avant-Garde for EU 10 new members , once a stronghold Of communist dogmas and for Muslim Turkey regaining in religious fervour. . .


Slide101 : QUESTION Do you believe that the Cultural preferences of Nordic countries will be a barrier for the 10 new members to integrate properly. .


Slide102 : REPORT NO 2 US Facing European Union


Slide103 : 4-Page Report and Power-point presentation 2)The European Union and US Cultural idiosyncrasies to establish a market Hegemony


Slide104 : FR v/s US divergence The two countries are opposed to each other on every move made by the other party. When France talks about a Multi polar system , US talks about a US way of life System ‘I did it my way’


Slide105 : France , used to heavy Administrative powers , refers to UN as a Moral authority , US , heavily individualistic, vetoes any UN security Council resolutions.


Slide106 : EU , despite Vatican’s Recommendation, withdrew the reference of Christianity from its drafted constitution. US blended spirituality and materialism as the unique goal of their democracy.


Slide107 : FR passes laws to ban religious references , US makes of religion a strong support of US causes. The president swears on the Bible. .


Slide108 : France is looking for a cultural alliance with GB to pose as an obstacle to US Hegemony in EU countries.


Slide109 : QUESTION Do you consider the two countries are still diverging despite La Fayette allied with US against the British and the Friendly retrocession of Louisiana to US in 1804 by Emperor Napoleon 1st?


Slide110 : GY v/s US Convergence or divergence Two ex-foes at D-day,6.6.1944. Two ex-partners of post-war Period under Marshall Plan.


Slide111 : US space technology developed by German Herr Von Braun. US Nuclear Technology consolidated by A. Einstein and R. Oppenheimer (both children of Abraham) .


Slide112 : German Military technology developed by US pilots and equipped with US Star fighters. US is providing a nuclear protection to Germany.


Slide113 : GY supported by the green deputies has taken a strong position against US involvement in Iraq. GY is trying to win Notoriety in EU. FR and GY have built a Strong partnership against US.


Slide114 : QUESTION What are the chances of Germany reconciling with US over the EU market territory ?


Slide115 : :UK v/s US Convergence 1763 Boston Tea Party Break away of American from British Domination. However , UK converges, culturally, towards their Parent country US, .


Slide116 : :. H.Macmillan , ex-prime minister 1960-64 acquired the obsolete US missiles against its public opinion. Mrs Thatcher and president Reagan applied one economic monetary policy: MILTON FRIEDMAN’s


Slide117 : Recent involvement of UK in Iraq war opposed by UK public opinion is another proof of the determination of UK in favour of US. Despite this , Mr Blair was re- elected in May 2005.


Slide118 : GB exported her Culture and religions to US and later snatched off Canada from France. Her cultural preference is deeply hooked in N.Americas.


Slide119 : QUESTION Is UK becoming the Trojan horse of US in Europe ? (Remember ‘La guerre de Troie’ where the Greeks disembarked their soldiers from a Wooden Horse )


Slide120 : SP v/s US Volte face Spain is politically pro-Arab from her acquisition of a Moorish Culture in the 12th Century under the Omeyyades caliph culminating with the Moorish architecture of Cordoue and Alhambra sites.


Slide121 : SP persecuted Sephardi Jews (séfarade) in the 15th/16th., US is a home for Ashkenazi Jews ( ashkénaze).


Slide122 : US is hurting Arab’s sense of nationalism : Iraq (root of most Monotheist religions ),is under US fire sincec1991. Iran (cradle of Indo- European culture) is under US threat.


Slide123 : When Spain turned towards South America occupied countries , Ex-US President J.Monroe stipulated the Monroe Doctrine Declaring South America as a protected area for US.


Slide124 : . (Example US determination over South America , Kissinger rôle in the Coup d’état of Pinochet , in Nicaragua , in Panama)


Slide125 : However, Ex-prime minister , AZNAR supported strongly US in the Iraq war , despite the incident Of US atomic Bombers crashing in the waters of Spain some 20 years ago. .


Slide126 : QUESTION Finally , Spain has quitted Iraq. Does it mean, for Spain, getting closer to European integration as an alternative to US support.


Slide127 : Nordic v/s US Indifference The Nordic Group is very independent from US or EU hegemony.


Slide128 : They were well integrated in the European Free Trade Organisation(EFTA). They have joined EU with some reluctance , but stay critical.


Slide129 : They have given two of their top scientists to US : Arthur Andersen , No 1 of Audit Ken Olsen , no 1 of High-Tech They are the world’s best negotiators(Oslo treaty With Israel/Palestine, Hans Blik mission in Iraq) .


Slide130 : . As a Neural bloc ,they will not offend US but they have a Cultural preference for EU. When EU constitution will become in force , their definite choice should be EU.


Slide131 : QUESTION Do you believe that the Nordic countries are matured enough to commit themselves fully to EU rules and regulations of the Constitution, which is aiming at creating a European market rim to compete US intrusion into EU market? .


Slide132 : REPORT NO 3 INDIA Facing CHINA


Slide133 : 4-Page Report and Power-point presentation 3)The current vision of two Ancient cultures in WTO: India and China


Slide134 : Nehru : Teach our people ‘How to Fish’, We will feed the world out of Fish(70% of Water on the planet). High-Time the Two parties meet.


Slide135 : Chou-En-Lai: Teach our Intellectuals how to Labour the land , we will feed the world out of Rice (30% of Land on the planet). High-Time the Two parties meet.


Slide136 : Buddha / Lao Tzu Buddha (a subset of Hinduism) and Lao Tzu were contemporaries. Buddha preached for a casteless society based on the four noble truths:


Slide137 : ‘The four Noble Truths by Venerable Ajahn Sumedho Amaravati Publications, UK’ There is suffering, There is a cause of suffering, There is an end of suffering, There is a path out of suffering,


Slide138 : Buddha: Men are potentially petty Gods . They go through a cycle of life. At the end of their cycle , they are awakened , they are enlightened , they stop suffering, they attain Nirvana.


Slide139 : Lao Tzu : You are part of the world Be empty, be Still , be Natural , This is the mother of all life.


Slide140 : Lao Tzu ‘The wisdom of China and India The book of Lao Tzu by Lin Yutang , Random House N.Y’


Slide141 : Lao Tzu supported by his disciple Chuang Tse taught the celestial path(the Taoism): Yi :Looked at but cannot be seen (The invisible) Hsi:Listened to but cannot be heard (The Inaudible) Wei: Grasped at but can’t be grasped (The Intangible)


Slide142 : Men train Horses to run in formation, Potters use compasses for his clay, Carpenters use straight line for his wood, Why would Horses , Clay and Wood need all these? So are people who govern us , train us to run their way. Do we need it?


Slide143 : Mencius , a Confucius disciple, Men have a sense of mercy, a sense of shame, a sense of courtesy and respect , a sense of right or wrong. Let moral rule China , not police or laws.


Slide144 : QUESTION The two philosophies seem to have shared a common culture towards a Spiritual society. If so, how did communism completely subdue the Taoism in China , not in India?


Slide145 : Multi-God system India has forged her destiny on a multi-God system . A society split in terms of Caste of Pure and Impure . One reincarnates to attain Purity.


Slide146 : Mono-bloc System China moved from a Mandarin Hierarchic system to a Materialistic system designed by President Mao. The 1949 Long Walk and the 1960’s Red Army Revolution.


Slide147 : An Indian Concept of Freedom : .India claims Food for the Mind (Mantra for the people), .People choose their individual Material and Spiritual Freedom. .People choose their right to be outside the Society and to live homeless. .


Slide148 : A Chinese Concept of Freedom: .China claims Food for the body (Bowl of rice for every people), .The party chooses the Freedom for the People. .People live within the society, not parasite of the party.


Slide149 : QUESTION Will he two systems have any chance to resist the EU bloc which is Monotheist , Casteless and Communist phobic.


Slide150 : India: Struggle for Independence A democracy of 1 Billion people struggled from foreign rule up to 1947. She became a secular democracy.


Slide151 : China Struggle for Independence 1 billion people overthrew Chiang Kai-Sek in 1949. China became a communist popular democracy.


Slide152 : To-day’s political ,technological and economic ranks of the two Countries, have made of them Atomic powers and Members of WTO.


Slide153 : QUESTION If the two Asian Cultures draft up an Asian constitution based on their cultural preferences to counter balance EU Constitution, will it change the balance of power? If so, will EU apply cultural Preferences measures ?


Slide154 : India /China India : A technology led country in negotiation with EU Since 8th.11.04 to be recognised as a partner.


Slide155 : China: A Low cost production Country being refused the accreditation of ‘Free Market Economy’ except by Brazilian ,Lula.


Slide156 : China: In negotiation with EU for delivering low cost goods blocked at French ports. In negotiation with Germany and Holland for low cost cars waiting to be delivered.


Slide157 : EU and US are both scrutinizing these markets. If China floods the West with low cost Goods , China will become the production Unit of the West. We will need to learn Chinese .


Slide158 : EU and US are both scrutinizing these markets. If India provides her technology Know-how to the West , India will become the Human resources of the West. We will need to learn Hindi.


Slide159 : QUESTION Which of the two hegemonies is likely conquer the West as predicted by economists, in 2010 ? Then , North-South cultural geology will change into East- West Cultural confrontation?


Slide160 : India: India expands her domination over Neighbouring countries; Nepal is totally landlocked by India , so are Bhoutan ,Sikkim, Nagaland , BanglaDesh. India extends her rights over the Indian Diaspora abroad.


Slide161 : China: China expands her domination Over Mongolia, occupied Tibet (1953), Attacked Ladakh (1961), retrieved Hongkong (1997) from the British , controlled Macao from the Portuguese . China targets Taiwan as her territory.


Slide162 : There is every evidence that the two countries sharing 1/3 of the world population are capitalising on their manpower to go infiltrating the international arena.


Slide163 : QUESTION Do you believe that the strategy of modern colonisation will be that of India & China through their Cultural expansion or that of US/EU through their economic expansion.


Slide164 : Negotiation with the Ex-Ottoman Empire Prior to joining EU in 2015 ?


Slide165 : Back into the Future Turkey has had a glorious past very comparable to France over North and Western Africa , over the Caribbean seas, over India, Indo-China.


Slide166 : Is that a sufficient reason for President Chirac to declare his attachment to see Turkey into EU? Declaration made in Marseilles University on 14th November 2004.


Slide167 : Modern reforms The reforms undertaken by Mustapha Kemal were inspired by the French revolution. End of the monarchy , Republican state, New constitution, Universal suffrage, Emancipation of Women, Public Education


Slide168 : No Muslim country has ever undertaken such open reforms to feel close to the European way of life. On the contrary, most Muslim governments are discarding western Values to turn over to the Charia. Is not Turkey ripe to integrate EU?


Slide169 : The reforms were a good signal to the West for a future integration into EU. Do you plead in favour of these reforms as adequate to join EU , even , in 2015?


Slide170 : Rise and fall of an Empire The ottoman Empire was worn out of the wars they rose to conquer the world. The Ottoman empire was reduced to 775.000 square kilometres , so was the British Empire reduced to less than 250.000 square kilometres.


Slide171 : There is a strong feeling in UK no to see the remnant of the Ottoman empire into EU. Would you be supportive of UK if it raises the history of a loss empire to postpone negotiations on Turkey .


Slide172 : Armenians’ survival What a survival it was. At that time no Nuremberg court or International criminal Court to prosecute Turkey for the deportation of Armenians causing death of thousands of them.


Slide173 : Armenians’ survival What should Turkey do to convince EU of her tolerance towards her ethnic minorities?


Slide174 : EU Candidateship If you give your voice to Turkey, then you should be prepared to open EU Frontiers to Russia and her republics. How do you pave the future for you and for generations to come?


Slide175 : The following is an extract of the main events governing the ex-Ottoman Empire


Slide176 : Ottoman Empire (as told by Russian archeologist Victor Ivanowitch) Once upon a time , 4000 years ago. In Turkmenistan on the bank of the Caspian sea ,Central Asia, The biggest buried city of Karakum and Its Necropolis spread over 10 acres


Slide177 : The future Ottoman Empire , the Turkmen , Iraq Turkomans from central Asia, were exchanging with Mesopotamia , Egypt , Indus and China


Slide178 : The Arabo_Muslim era of 632 AD In the meantime the Arabo-Muslim conquest of East and West opened the route for the valiant Ottomans under the might of their tribal Chief Osman Ghazi (Ottoman)


Slide179 : 1300 -1923 Suddenly a frog-leap into History 1389 Battle of Kosovo 1396 Battle of Nicopolis-Serbia 1402 Battle of Ankara-Anatolia 1444 Battle of Varna-Bulgaria 1448 Battle of Kosovo-UN territory All of Serbia, Albania, Bulgaria Anatolia was submitted


Slide180 : Remember 29th May 1453 (Ottoman’s D-Day against Orthodox Christians) Might and Decadence Constantinople under Muslim ruler Mehmet II.


Slide181 : Constantinople became Istanbul. Christian Sainte-Sophie Basilica and Muslim Blue Mosque tending their prayers in a joyful dance .


Slide182 : Reigns of two important Sultans(Muslim Monarchs) known to the West : 1512-1520 Selim 1st 1520-1566 Suliman ,the Magnificent


Slide183 : Under their rule : 1514 Battle of Tchaldiran-Iran 1517 Battle of Mt Muquattam-Egypt 1526 Battle of Mohacs-Hungary 1529 Vienna besieged The whole of Eastern Europe ,Middle East submitted


Slide184 : Grandeur and Décadence of the Ottoman Empire


Slide185 : The Ottoman empire does no more rule the waves 1571 Naval Battle of Lépante, lost against Spain and Venitia (Similar to the Spanish Armada lost against Britain)


Slide186 : Empire is declining 1683 Battle of Kahlenberg Austria 1683 Failure to besiege Vienna 1664 Battle of Saint-Gothard Austria 1783 Battle of Crimea lost to the Russians


Slide187 : Empire is declining 1878 Ottoman Empire released most of the North-Africa territories


Slide188 : Loss of the empire 1912 Treaty of OUCHY signed with Italy, Turkey yielded territories in North Africa, Libya


Slide189 : Loss of the empire 1913 Treaty of of London and Bucharest All Balkan states yielded


Slide190 : Loss of the empire 30.10 1918 Armistice signed(Turkey was allied to Germany) The empire shared between UK and France according to a treaty agreed in 1916 already


Slide191 : Loss of the empire 1920 London conference Turkey can hold to her sovereignty over Istanbul , must free Armenia and render Kurdistan an autonomous province


Slide192 : Loss of the empire August 1920 treaty of Sèvres delimiting Turkish territory around Ankara. Mehmet VI accepted the dictate of the Allies.


Slide193 : First Phase 1894-1896 Sultan Abdûlhamid ordered the ethnic cleansing of Armenians from Istanbul


Slide194 : Second Phase From 1914 1908 The Ittihad party took over in Turkey (known as revolt of the Young Turks). First W.War gave them justification to pursue the ethnic cleansing of Armenians .On the ground that Armenians were involved in the Russian army which has caused death to the people.


Slide195 : Second Phase From 1914 Armenians were deported from their eastern Province to the deserts of Mesopotamia and Syria allowing them to die out of famine and brutality. French Parliament has qualified this to be Mass Genocide


Slide196 : Second Phase From 1914 French Parliament has passed an act to qualify this as Mass Genocide . Francois Bayroux , Chief of UDF party in French Parliament , in his speech in parliament on 15th October 2004 considered Turkey to have excluded herself from EU. EU demands recognition of Armenian Genocide.


Slide197 : Mustapha Kemal Charismatic New Leader Mustapha Kemal revolted against the 1920 Sévres Treaty and agreed to sign the underneath renewed one. July 1923 Treaty of Lausanne recognised Turkey within defined and secured frontiers.


Slide198 : 1st November 1923 Turkey Proclaimed Republic Elected President Mustapha Kemal ATATURK (Born 1881- 1938)


Slide199 : March 1924 1)Abolition of the Caliphate 2)Closing the Madressa religious schools 3)Ministry of religious matters closed


Slide200 : 4) Special religious tribunals closed 5) Public and civil Education schools opened 6)Ministry for Cultural affairs opened


Slide201 : April 1924 New Constitution Abrogation of the Article proclaiming Islam as a state religion The state becomes a Secular and lay state (République Laîque). 1925 A republican party was founded but got dissolved by the government


Slide202 : 1926 Civil code inspired by the Swiss civil code was adopted Abolition of Polygamy, Civil marriage legalised, Each person must be registered with his family name, …..


Slide203 : 1926 Free to choose one’s religion, Roman alphabets replaced the Arab scripts.


Slide204 : 1926 An attempt to assassinate Mustapha Kemal fails


Slide205 : Universal suffrage was introduced for women both at local (1930) and legislative elections(1934) 10 years before France did it. 1930 Dissolution of the liberal party, No more multi-Party system in Turkey which led to the revolt of fanatics who beheaded a Military.


Slide206 : 1932 Turkey became member of the the ex- ‘the Community of Nations’ a precursor to 1946 United Nations.


Slide207 : July 1937 Pact between Turkey, Iraq , Iran and Afghanistan to be opposed to Kurd’s autonomous will.


Slide208 : Political Risks 1950 Democrats Menderes in power, opposition by the People’s Republican Party 1960 Military Coup d’état , Democrats ousted , leader Menderes executed


Slide209 : 1971 Military Coup d’état Leader Suleyman Demirel thrown out 1980 Military Coup d’état Parliament dissolved, Political Parties banned


Slide210 : 1984 Kurd Party started guerrilla war 1994 Islamist party won the Municipal elections 1995 Islamist Party, leader Erbakan won legislative election and became first Islamist prime minister.


Slide211 : 1997 Military chased Erbakan away and dissolved the Islamist party 2002 Moderate Islamist Party, leader Recep Tayyid Erdogan won legislative election and became Prime Minister.


Slide212 : EU Commissioner Gunter Verbeugen responsible for EU extension requests from Turkey to respect the Copenhagen criteria on Democracy, Human rights, rights of minority…. Before talks can open. October 2004 Erdogan pleaded for Turkish cause at EU institutions


Slide213 : In Europe, French parliament and French population are terribly divided on the issue of the Ex-Ottoman empire joining the EU. A referendum will be held prior to Turkey’s admission into EU.


Slide214 : Main concerns of Europe:: 1)The New penal code may consider adultery as a crime, 2)It is punishable ,by law, to be opposed to the the invasion of North Cyprus by Turkey in 1983 3)Turkey may not refer to ‘The 1914 Mass deportation of Armenians’ as part of their History. 4) … etc


Slide215 : ON 28th October , EU signed the new constitution , if ratified by member countries , will compel Turkey to abide by. 17th December 2004 EU will decide about opening negotiation with Turkey .


Slide216 : Russia , too, is paving the way to join EU to exert pressure on the Turkmen’s influence in EU. She needs a passage to attain her territory Kaliningrad which is an enclave in EU territory of Lithuania, She just joined the Kyoto protocol. She is joining WTO very soon. What comes next?


Slide217 : PART II An Outlook into Cultural Anthropology


Slide218 : A Cosmic Civilisation (Not a Chaotic Civilisation) Uni-Verse not Multi-verse * Music transcends


Slide219 : Earth 3rd Planet Planets Solar systems Galaxy Local groups of galaxy Cluster of Galaxies Super Cluster of galaxies


Slide220 : Infinity has built up its own structure with its observable Star-Suns of 10 power 21 Example of Drakes Formula: N=R*Fs*Fp*Nc*Fj*Fi*Fc*L


Slide221 : R= Average of star Formation per year , No of stars/year Fs =Fraction of good stars which are good suns Fp = fraction of good stars with planetary system Nc= No of planet per star within the eco-shell Fj = fraction of planets on which life develops .


Slide222 : Fi = Fraction of species that develop Intelligence Fc = Fraction of intelligent species having an electromagnetic comm. L= Lifetime in communicative phase


Slide223 : 1) We are Heirs to three Infinite factors imperceptible to our mind a)Cosmos was dark (Nuit des temps : Dawn of Time) b)The sounds of Music burst into the invisible darkness at 1/10 power 43s c)The Star- Suns light up the universe (Our Sun is vibrated by acoustic Waves)


Slide224 : 2) We are heirs to three Finite factors perceptible to our Intelligence a)Religions b) Non-violence c) Tolerance


Slide225 : First Emotion: We have inherited Universality from our solar system and extra-terrestrial Micro-organisms A sort of original energy enwrapped into Nano-molecules bound to to be re-immersed into Cosmos (Michael Crichton ‘Prey’)


Slide226 : Yet men have structured Human organisations into layers of Cultural differences


Slide227 : A quick Glance into modernity: Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid in 1943


Slide228 : Self Fulfillment Needs: Aesthetic Needs: Emotions: Esteem Needs Belonging Needs Physical: Safety Needs Physiological Needs Self Actualisation Needs to know, to explore , to understand To achieve and be recognized To belong, love and be loved Out of danger Hunger, Thirst, Sleep


Slide229 : Predetermination of our Civilisations


Slide230 : We moulded our aptitudes accordingly to Hunger, Thirst and Sleep *Even God fell asleep on the 7th day,


Slide231 : Civilisations Cultural Identities Religions Traditions Cultural Preferences


Slide232 : Asia was delimited by a Rice civilisation before entering any refined culture at Adjanta or Dazu.


Slide233 : Europe –Middle East was delimited by a Wheat civilisation before entering the refined art of Vallée des Morts ( not the Death Valley of Nevada) Or The Cro-Magnon frescoes of Lasco


Slide234 : Americas were delimited by a Corn Civilisation before any refined art of Macchu –Pichu , Nazca Or Monument valley(US)


Slide235 : Time concept


Slide236 : Time has never existed Therefore , it is eternity and Transcendental


Slide237 : If time exists Therefore it can only de related to Space


Slide238 : If it is a Space-Time Vector Then , we have built up Cultural identities of a refined nature. * Note the distinction made by ancient texts: Prakriti is a rough culture, Samskriti a refined culture Vikriti is an unachieved culture


Slide239 : 1)Focus on West Europe 2) Focus on US 3) Focus on Asia - India and China 4) Focus on Middle East Mesopotamia , Anatolia 5)Focus on South America 6) Focus on Africa-East ,West, North, South


Slide240 : 1) Latin Europe Dominated by Christian values as proposed by St Augustin , St Thomas Aquinas , by Clovis, by Henri IV of France


Slide241 : 2)Pan Germanic Europe An interpretation of Luther to free the Germans from Pope’s dictate. A more Liberal practice of the doctrines of the Church against restriction of Catholicism


Slide242 : 3) Anglo-Saxon Europe A strict obedience of Thomas more to the doctrines of the Church leading to his execution. A breakaway from orthodoxy by Oliver Cromwell defending both Catholicism and Puritanism


Slide243 : 4) Iberian Europe Stronghold of Rigorous Catholicism spread over the South America


Slide244 : 5) A Nordic Europe A mythical belief in their Viking God and a blend of Luther’s Doctrines, A feeling of self sufficiency and self reliance.


Slide245 : 1)The merge of an Autochthonous Ancient Culture of Shamanism to an eighteenth century Presbyterian Puritanical Culture. 2)The Resurgence of the doctrines of the Reform Church of Christ (amid the innumerable ones like Mormons, Quakers , Adventist, Jehovah Witness,Bahaî , Harri Krishna..)


Slide246 : Two sources of Asian culture 1) The Indus Valley and the Vedic cosmology of Quantum Physics 2) The Chinese Lao Tzu-Chuang Tse and Kung Fu Tzu-Mencius school of thoughts


Slide247 : 1) The fertile crescent culture of Assyria,Akkhad (non semite), Sumer (semite), Babylonia (mixed ethnics), 2) Anatolia and its ancient Hittites and Hatti culture


Slide248 : 1) A pre-Columbus culture of Incas God Tiki rising up from Lake Titicaca 2) Introduction of Christianity enlightened by a dark Virgin Mary


Slide249 : 1) West Africa’s culture of Peuls of Guinea , Dogons of Bandiagara , Bambaras of Mauritania 2) North Africa’s Culture of Arabo-berber , Phoenicians


Slide250 : 3)East Africa’s culture of Jewish Falasha in Ethiopia, Masai of Kenya, the unfortunate Tutsis and Hutus 4)South Africa’s culture of Zulus ,Bochiman , Hottentots (remember the humiliating exhibition of a Hottentot woman in Paris )


Slide251 : On the banks of Euphrates and Tigre , the two branches of religions met: The Polytheist Vedic Branch The Monotheist Abrahamic Branch


Slide252 : Polytheist Branch TOLERANCE Hinduism Buddhism (see Magic Diagram) Jainism Sikhism


Slide253 : Buddhist pyramid of Nirvana Atma Buddhi Intuition Manas (Pure mental) Kama Manas ( Mental desire) Linga Sharira(Emotions) Prana Sharira (Energetic) Stula Sharira ( Ether-Physical)


Slide254 : Monotheist branch FORGIVENESS Akhenaton’s Monotheism,


Slide255 : Spiritual Body Heaven:God’s spirit Soul is eternal Centre of our Senses, passions Vital energy The Body Human mummies SAHU AKH BA AB KA KHAIBIT KHAT


Slide256 : Monotheist branch FORGIVENESS Judaism’s Message from God, Zarathustra’s break away from Hindu Polytheism Christianity ‘s Holy Spirit Islam’s prophet


Slide257 : The four Polytheist religions and the four Monotheist have been inspired by the same metaphysical thought : Men are above all made of spiritual thoughts without which, the body has no raison d’être.


Slide258 : Traditions are none Challenging. They are supposed to sustain and diffuse our cultures


Slide259 : France: La Marche des Bigoudens towards the Calvaire de Tronoên Chartres pilgrimage to embrace the Dark Virgin Mary.


Slide260 : British: Boxing day (not boxing each other but the opening of Christmas boxes) Guy Fawkes day to collect pennies for the guys (5th November 1605 Bonfire)


Slide261 : American Thanks Giving Day to share the fruits of their heritage


Slide262 : Central America The walk on the Knee to reach the statue of Mary in Chichicastenango ,Guatemala


Slide263 : India The Dance of Holi powdering everyone in Red to chase the evil spirits Indian ex-prime minister Rajiv Gandhi celebrated it in Paris in 1987


Slide264 : China The dance of the Dragons depicting the New year Têt , shown in Paris in March 2004


Slide265 : Armenia Dance tracing the origins of ancient traditions of battles and national rites.


Slide266 : Muslim; The wear of Turban symbolising the Shroud to wrap the body on death


Slide267 : Thus spake : Brahma ,Shiva and Vishnou, Siddharta , The Buddha Lao Tzu and Kong Fu Tzu Abraham and Moîse Zarathustra, Jesus and St Paul, Mohamed and Ali, Baha -Ullah


Slide268 : Conclusuion When Traditions are Rigid , they create cultural preferences rather than Cultural differences


Slide269 : 1)Palaeontology : Dating of objects the origin (Yve Coppens: East Side Story) 2) Anthropology : Science of men from its origin (Cheikh Anta Diop)


Slide270 : 3)Palaeo-anthropology : Dating origin of Men (Martin Pickfor