BRAIN-MACHINE

BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE:

BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE BASED ON INFORMATION FROM:- CYBERKINETICS INC, By Anwar( ECE II YEAR) 09671A0441 JBIET

Abstract:

Abstract 1 .A brain-machine interface is a communication system that does not depend on the brains normal output pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles. 2 .BMI needs no mechanical human organ to Communicate, it directly links brain to the machines outside using BIO-ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY of the Brain. These are electronic interfaces with the brain, which has the ability to send and receive signals from the brain QUOTE:-“While linking the brain directly with machines was Once considered science fiction, advances over the past few years have made it increasingly viable”.eg:- Man with BMI

Contents:

Contents INTRODUCTION BMI DETAILS DEVICE IMPLANT SIGNAL PROCESSING SIGNAL ANALYSIS & TRANSMISSION APPLICATIONS CHALLENGES FUTURE EXPANSION CONCLUSION REFERENCES

1.INTRODUCTION:-:

1.INTRODUCTION:- “ A Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) is an attempt to mesh our minds with machines. It is a communication channel from a human's brain to a computer” ‘BMI as knowledge implant’ BMI in various fields:- 1.Education, 2.Defence , 3.Hospitals , Etc. Data can flow from brain to the outside machinery, or to brain from the outside machinery. Major goal of such research is to create a system that allow patients who have damaged their sensory/motor nerves severely to activate outside mechanisms by using brain Signals.

2.BMI DETAILS:-:

2.BMI DETAILS:- BLOCK DESCRIPTION :- 1.NEURAL INTERFACE (i) Intent (ii) Percept 2.COMMAND CODING (i) Sensory (ii) Mortar (iii) Mixed 3.PHYSICAL INTERFACE (i) Action (ii) stimulus Figure 1: Block Diagram of BMI

3.Device Implant:-:

3.Device Implant:- The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placed on the scalp. Electrodes are small plates, which conduct electricity. They provide the electrical contact between the skin and the EEG recording apparatus. Figure 2: An array of microelectrodes Components: 1 Neurotrophic factor(Digital circuits) . 2 Signal conditioning and telemetric Electronics(OP-AMP). 3 Transmitter(TX). 4 Receiver(RX). Figure 3: neurotrophic electrodes for implantation in human

4.SIGNAL PROCESSING:

4.SIGNAL PROCESSING Signal process using 1.MULTI CHANNEL ACQUISITION SYSTEM: The voltage gain improves Signal to-noise ratio (SNR) by Reducing the relevance of electrical noise Incurred in later stages. Processed signals are time-division multiplexed and sampled . 2.SPIKE DETECTION: Spike detection can further reduce the data rate if spike counts are transmitted instead of spike waveforms . Figure 4 : Signal process & detection

5.Analysis & Transmission:

5.Analysis & Transmission Signal Analysis Feature extraction and classification of EEG are dealt in this section. In this stage, certain features are extracted from the preprocessed and digitized EEG signal. In the simplest form a certain frequency range is selected and the amplitude relative to some reference level measured . Typically the features are frequency content of the EEG signal) can be calculated. for example by , Fourier Transform (FT function). Etc Transmission to External device : The classifier’s output is the input for the device control. The device control simply transforms the classification to a particular action. The action can be, e.g., tying the lace of shoe .

6.Applications & 7.Challenges:-:

6.Applications & 7.Challenges:- APPLICATIONS: The BMI technologies of today can be broken into three major areas: 1. Auditory and visual prosthesis - Brainstem implants - Synthetic vision - Artificial silicon retina 2. Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) 3. Prosthetic limb control - Thought controlled motorized wheel chair. - Thought controlled prosthetic arm for amputee. - Various neuroprosthetic devices CHALLENGES: 1.Connecting to the nervous system could lead to permanent brain damage, resulting in the loss of feelings or movement, or continual pain. 2. In the networked brain condition –what will mean to be human? 3.Virus attacks may occur to brain causing ill effects.

8.FUTURE EXPANSION:-:

8.FUTURE EXPANSION:- A hope ,in fact a tool to severely disabled people like Paralyzed , accidental Etc. Linking people with chips seems unnatural but they may called as Super Humen (Cybrogs). These cybrogs will look down upon Humen, who In their sight have yet to evolve. Will people want to have their heads opened and wired? Technology moves in light speed now. In that accelerated future, today’s hot neural interface could become tomorrow’s neuro trash . Will you need to learn any Math if you can call up a Computer merely by your thoughts? Thought communication will place telephones firmly in the history Books.

9.CONCLUSION:-:

9.CONCLUSION:- 1. “If by some more advanced technology in future, if at all we were able to save the brains in a good working condition then thinking, thoughts and innovation may become immortal !”. “No more handicap people (Synthetic arms, legs, eye, sensitive skin etc.) !” 3. BMI’s will have the ability to give people back their vision and hearing. 4. Is someone with a synthetic eye, less a person than someone without? Shall we process signals like ultraviolet, X-rays, or Ultrasounds as robots do? These questions will not be answered in the near future,but at some time they will have to be answered. What an interesting day that will be….

10 .REFERENCE:-:

10 .REFERENCE:- Served on Inter-Net by: www.techalone.com WEBSITES: www.betterhumnas.com www.brainlab.com www.ele.uri.com www.elecdesign.com www.howstuffworks.com Books and magazine: Handbook Of Biomedical Instrumentation By R.S.Khandpu Thank you ! “Special thanks to ECE DEPT. of JBIET for firm guidance & encouragement”