Structural audit

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Structural audit & Condition Survey of Structure: 

Structural audit & Condition Survey of Structure 1

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PRESENTED BY – ANKIT M. ASHER 094140003, IV DCE PROFESSOR INCHARGE – PROF. S.SARWADE 2

Structural Audit:: 

Structural Audit: It is preliminary technical survey of a building to assess its general health as a civil engineering structure. It is based on visual survey by a competent consultant who lists his observations & recommendations in form of a Structural Audit Report. Survey from structural angle is carried to identify the loss of stability and risk to human habitation. Survey focused on all structural members also includes walls, plaster, finishes and service which can affect strength or durability. 3

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The Probable causes for deterioration are : Bad construction quality: materials and workmanship. Ageing accelerated by poor maintenance. Rain and internal seepage. Saline weather, pollution, subsoil chemicals. Topography: Reclaimed land, soft soil. Incidental: earthquake, explosion. Alteration, overloading, harmful chemical storage and use. Prolonged neglect to deterioration. 4

USES OF STRUCTURAL AUDIT : 

USES OF STRUCTURAL AUDIT Members in distress can be identified Useful for insurance claims. Condition of safety is known. Helps to understand exact nature of distress before undertaking the structural repairs. Cost effective solutions can be worked based on report. Important remedial & preventive protective measures can be taken. 5

PROVISION IN BYE Law:: 

PROVISION IN BYE Law: Municipal corporation of Greater Mumbai, model bye-law no. 77 specifies structural audit as a mandatory for building older than 30 years If the age of a building is 15 to 30 years, structural audit must be carried out once in 5 years and for buildings older than 30 years it should be carried out once in 3 years . 6

SURVEY OF THE STRUCTURE : 

SURVEY OF THE STRUCTURE 7

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Record of Observation : External: Face wise List of structural distress. List of other distress Take photos with label and reference Internal: Unit wise Mark Structural distress on floor plan. List of other distress. Take photos with labels and reference 8

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Main report : Basic Building information & description Reference document Previous structural audit remark, if any Information supplied by the owner/user. Surveyed areas Critical Observation NDT result, if performed Probable cause Suggest major repair, if any Additional information Remarks Disclaimers Enclosures 9

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Certificate of structural condition : It may contain one of the following: Condition is good/satisfactory Condition can be further assess by further testing i.e. NDT Condition does not appear to be satisfactory i.e. repair/ rehabilitation/ strengthening is required. Condition is bad/very bad i.e. dilapidated structure Condition is extremely bad i.e. unsafe or unstable building, evacuation may be necessary 13

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Structural distress includes: Cracks, spalls, bulges corrosion, broken bars. Buckling of bars of column Excessive deflection, local failures. Settlement of foundation Tilting of building Other distress includes : Cracks: diagonal, vertical, horizontal, separation. Seepage & dampness. Quality of mortar. Damp rising from ground. Growth of vegetation 14

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Non Destructive test : Various NDT are carried (to dilapidated structure or on client request at an additional cost) according to site condition to get wider view of extent of distress . Various test carried are as follows: Rebound hammer Ultra sonic pulse velocity Half cell electric potential Carbonation depth measurement 20

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Rebound hammer : The rebound hammer is principally a surface hardness tester for concrete surface. It works on the principle that “the rebound of an elastic mass depends upon the hardness of the surface against by which the mass impinges.” 21

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Ultrasonic pulse velocity: A pulse of longitudinal vibration is produced by an electro acoustical transducer, which is held in contact with one surface of concrete under test. 23

DIRECT TRANSMISSION: 

DIRECT TRANSMISSION TRANSMITTER RECEIVER

SEMI DIRECT TRANSMISSION: 

SEMI DIRECT TRANSMISSION T R

SURFACE TRANSMISSION: 

SURFACE TRANSMISSION T R

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HALF CELL ELECTRIC POTENTIAL : The method of half cell potential measurement normally involves measuring the of embedded reinforcing bar relative to reference half cell placed on the concrete surface. AREA OF APPLICATION : for assessment of the durability of reinforced concrete members when investigating concrete contaminated by salts 27

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Carbonation depth measurement: Carbonation of concrete occurs when the carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere in the presence of moisture reacts with hydrated cement minerals to produce carbonates ex. Calcium carbonate. 29

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This test is conducted on freshly exposed concrete by spraying 1% phenolphthalein solution to assess amount of concrete carbonated due to carbonation. Due to chemical reaction calcium hydroxide is colored pink while carbonated portion is uncolored. Carbonation further results in corrosion of steel. 30

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Extent of project An attempt shall be made to understand to how building deteriorate, why they deteriorate & how distress should be recorded and what corrective measure we can recommended to make the building habitat able & serviceable by improving its structural condition. In this process, we intend to take up a few professional assignment of structural audit such as residential or commercial or industrial structure. 31

FURTHER REFERNCES : : 

FURTHER REFERNCES : CPWD handbook on repairs and maintenance Model bye law of MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF GREATER MUMBAI. NDT guide book for concrete structures. IS CODE 13311 Part-1: UPV Test Structural Audit lecture series manual. Concrete Technology Text Book by M.S. Shetty 32

Thank You: 

Thank You 33