Slide 1:1 Overview of USDA APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine


Slide 2:2 Introduction to Plant Health Regulations


Regulatory Authority :3 Regulatory Authority Definitions Acts are laws passed by Congress and signed by the President Examples include Plant Quarantine Act of 1912 Honey Bee Act of 1922 Plant Protection Act of 2000 Animal Health Act of 2001


Regulatory Authority :4 Regulatory Authority Definitions Treaties are defined as international agreements made by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate in accordance with Article II, section 2 of the Constitution of the United States. Examples include Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)


Regulatory Authority :5 Regulatory Authority


Regulatory Authority :6 Regulatory Authority Code of Federal Regulations PPQ Manuals


Regulatory Authority :7 Regulatory Authority Definitions Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) are defined as the codification by subject matter of the general and permanent laws of the United States. The CFRs are divided by broad subjects into 50 titles. APHIS PPQ’s authority is from Title 7 Agriculture Title 9 Animals and Animal Products Title 50 Wildlife and Fisheries


Regulatory Authority :8 Regulatory Authority Definitions Manuals are defined as tools that enable you to take the appropriate action based upon the regulations. APHIS PPQ has approximately 30 manuals which are used in port, emergency, and domestic environs.


Acts Important to PPQ :9 Acts Important to PPQ Acts Main authority is the Plant Protection Act (PPA) of 2000 Additional acts include Honey Bee Act of 1922 Federal Seed Act of 1939 Endangered Species Act of 1973


Plant Protection Act of 2000 :10 Provides the authority to prohibit or restrict imports, exports, or interstate movement of plant pests, plants, plant products, noxious weeds, biological control agents, and means of conveyance Plant Protection Act of 2000


Plant Protection Act of 2000 :11 Acts amended and replaced by the PPA include Plant Quarantine Act of 1912 Mexican Border Act of 1942 Organic Act of 1944 Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957 Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 Plant Protection Act of 2000


Additional Acts Important to PPQ :12 Homeland Security Act of 2002 Created the Department of Homeland Security Purpose - Strengthen border security and protect agriculture from acts of biological warfare or terrorism Additional Acts Important to PPQ


Additional Acts Important to PPQ :13 Additional Acts Important to PPQ Lacey Act Protects both plants and wildlife by creating civil and criminal penalties for a wide array of violations.  Most notably, the Act prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, possessed, transported or sold. The Lacey Act is administered by the Department of the Interior – Fish and Wildlife Service Department of Commerce – National Marine Fisheries Service Department of Agriculture – APHIS


Additional Acts Important to PPQ :14 Additional Acts Important to PPQ Animal Health Protection Act (AHPA) The AHPA consolidates all of the animal quarantine and related laws Provides one flexible statutory framework that better equips APHIS to perform its various animal health safeguarding jobs.


Plant Quarantine Definition :15 Used as a method of protection Defined as An enforced isolation or restriction used as a control strategy imposed upon a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a pest or disease Applied to both imports and exports A legal restriction imposed to prevent the introduction and spread of exotic pests and pathogens Plant Quarantine Definition


Establishment of Plant Quarantines :16 Establishment of Plant Quarantines Two conditions needed are: 1. A law authorizing USDA to implement the quarantine 2. Evidence that pest risk is high


Establishment of Plant Quarantines :17 Establishment of Plant Quarantines 1. Laws Authorizing Agriculture Examples include: Honey Bee Act Federal Seed Act Endangered Species Act Plant Protection Act of 2000


Establishment of Plant Quarantines :18 Establishment of Plant Quarantines 2. Evidence of pest risk Pest Risk Assessment: The probability of a foreign organism becoming established in the United States and causing economic harm. 1. Biology of the organism 2. Economic and environmental impact


Methods of Enforcing a Plant Quarantine :19 Methods of Enforcing a Plant Quarantine 1. Prohibition-Refuse entry Most effective way to enforce a quarantine Conducted at ports of entry Used for high risk items 2. Inspection-Look for pests Conducted at foreign site, port of entry, and post-entry Used for medium pest risk 3. Documentation-Evidence that products are “free” from pests and disease or have been treated. Medium and low pest risk items


Methods of Enforcing a Quarantine :20 Methods of Enforcing a Quarantine 4. Treatment – remove the pest from the item Conducted in all four lines of defense Preclearance, Port of Entry (AQI), Emergency and Domestic, Suppression/Management 5. Survey – a specific commodity or pest is targeted for special inspection


Slide 21:21 Provide guidelines, directions, and policies for regulatory officials Cite Acts and statutes that give you the authority to be a decision maker PPQ Manuals


PPQ Manuals :22 Domestic Programs Aerial Applications CITES I-II-III Timber Species Manual Compliance Agreement Export Program Imported Fire Ant Program Golden Nematode Program Manual Gypsy Moth Japanese Beetle Karnal Bunt Natural Enemies of the Fruit Fly Pink Hibiscus Mealybug Postentry Manual PPQ Guidelines for Emergencies PPQ Manuals


PPQ Manuals :23 Port Programs Animal Products Manual Agriculture Quarantine Inspection Monitoring Handbook CITES I-II-III Timber Species Manual Canadian Border Detector Dog Manual for Agricultural Clearance Mexican Border Nursery Stock Restrictions Plant Importation Manuals Fruits and Vegetables Cut Flowers and Greenery Seeds Not for Planting Miscellaneous Puerto Rico Hawaii TAG Reviewers Treatment Manual PPQ Manuals


PPQ Manuals :24 Emergency Programs Emergency Programs Manual Medfly Action Plan NPRG – False Codling Moth NPRG – Geminivirdae NPRG – Giant African Snail NPRG – Khapra Beetle NPRG – Leek Moth NPRG – Lymantriidae NPRG - Potyviridae NRPG – Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 geraniums and solanaceous hosts NPRG – Spodoptera NPRG – Swede Midge NPRG – Temperate Terrestrial Gastropods NPRG – New Pest Response Guidelines PPQ Manuals


Example from PPQ Manual :25 Example from PPQ Manual


Slide 26:26


Ports of Entry :27 Ports of Entry NP NA SAG SAG MB


Thank You! :28 Thank You! Questions?